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Performance Prediction Of Full Scale Biological Nutrient Removal Systems Using Complex Activated Sludge Models
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Book Synopsis Performance Prediction of Full-scale Biological Nutrient Removal Systems Using Complex Activated Sludge Models by : Jacek Makinia
Download or read book Performance Prediction of Full-scale Biological Nutrient Removal Systems Using Complex Activated Sludge Models written by Jacek Makinia and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation of Activated Sludge Systems by : Jacek Makinia
Download or read book Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation of Activated Sludge Systems written by Jacek Makinia and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2020-03-02 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation of Activated Sludge Systems – Second Edition provides, from the process engineering perspective, a comprehensive and up-to-date overview regarding various aspects of the mechanistic (“white box”) modelling and simulation of advanced activated sludge systems performing biological nutrient removal. In the new edition of the book, a special focus is given to nitrogen removal and the latest developments in modelling the innovative nitrogen removal processes. Furthermore, a new section on micropollutant removal has been added. The focus of modelling has been shifting in the last years to models that can describe the performance of a whole plant (plant-wide modelling). The expanded part of this new edition introduces models describing the most important processes interrelated with the mainstream activated sludge systems as well as models describing the energy balance, operating costs and environmental impact. The complex process evaluation, including minimization of energy consumption and carbon footprint, is in line with the present and future wastewater treatment goals. By combining a general introduction and a textbook, this book serves both intermediate and more experienced model users, both researchers and practitioners, as a comprehensive guide to modelling and simulation studies. The book can be used as a supplemental material at graduate and post-graduate levels of wastewater engineering/modelling courses.
Book Synopsis An Operator's Guide to Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) in the Activated Sludge Process by : Michael H. Gerardi
Download or read book An Operator's Guide to Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) in the Activated Sludge Process written by Michael H. Gerardi and published by Chemical Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-05-19 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents - List of Tables - List of Figures - PART ONE: NITRIFICATION - Chapter 1 Introduction - Chapter 2 Nitrogenous and Phosphorous Compounds - Chapter 3 Nitrification: The Basics - Chapter 4 Nitrifying Bacteria - Chapter 5 Nitrification and Limiting Factors - Chapter 6 Promoting Nitrification - PART TWO: DENITRIFICATION - Chapter 7 Denitrification: The Basics - Chapter 8 Denitrifying Bacteria - Chapter 9 Denitrification and Limiting Factors - PART THREE: BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL - Chapter 10 Biological Phosphorus Removal: The Basics - Chapter 11 EBPR: Process Control - Abbreviations and Acronyms - Glossary - Bibliography - Biological nutrient removal (BNR), the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater, is a complex process. Although the activated sludge process is an efficient technology for the removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS), it provides less-than-optimal conditions for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, and presents numerous challenges to the operator trying to satisfy the many requirements for several different groups of bacteria. In addition to satisfying the requirements there are numerous, highly variable operational conditions that impact BNR. These conditions include: changes in strength and composition of the wastewater, alkalinity and pH, temperature, and presence of inhibitory and toxic wastes. Even fluctuations in flows, especially from inflow and infiltration, can adversely impact the aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic conditions needed for successful BNR. Of the three treatment processes, nitrification, denitrification, and enhanced biological removal, nitrification is often the most difficult to achieve. Therefore, a large portion of this book reviews nitrification. Operators of the activated sludge process need to understand the basic biological, chemical, and physical requirements for BNR in order to improve the performance of these treatment processes. An Operator's Guide to Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) in the Activated Sludge Process is intended to help operators in the monitoring, troubleshooting, and process control of BNR. Numerous tables and figures are included in the book to help the operator understand the biological and chemical reactions that are involved in BNR processes and how the reactions can be monitored for process control. Design of BNR processes is not addressed in this book. Design is addressed in numerous engineering publications. The book serves to help operators achieve permit compliance for nitrogen and phosphorus discharge limits and obtain cost-effective operation. -
Book Synopsis Biological Nitrogen Removal Activated Sludge Process in Warm Climates by : Cao Ye Shi
Download or read book Biological Nitrogen Removal Activated Sludge Process in Warm Climates written by Cao Ye Shi and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2008-04-14 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special Offer: Cao Ye Shi Author Set - Buy all three books together and save a total £76! Many Biological Nitrogen Removal (BNR) activated sludge processes in warm climates are conservatively designed, because little systematic investigation has been carried out on the BNR activated sludge process in warm or tropical climates, although many studies under temperate climate conditions are available. This book covers a wide spectrum of mechanistic approaches to deal with BNR activated sludge related issues such as sewage and sludge characterization, dynamic performance of full-scale processes, laboratory simulation and modelling that leads to a mechanistic and more economic design. Recommendations on the operation, upgrading and design of BNR activated sludge process are formulated. This will significantly aid the promotion of nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment plants in warm or tropical climates, particularly in developing countries. The book has three purposes: to make recommendations for appropriate upgrading of existing activated sludge processes and assess the performance of the upgraded activated sludge processes; to explore the feasibility of employing laboratory-scale systems to simulate the performance of full-scale processes; and to use mathematical modelling calibrated with the measured data obtained from the laboratory-scale experimentation to study the performance and the design of full-scale processes. Reports are presented of comprehensive studies on: (i) on-site investigation of the activated sludge processes in three water reclamation plants (WRPs) in Singapore; (ii) laboratory-scale investigations to simulate the performance of full-scale activated sludge processes and to optimize the process design; and (iii) mathematical modelling and simulation with Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM No. 1). Based on these detailed studies, guidelines on the operation, upgrading and design of the BNR activated sludge process in warm climates are presented. Results indicate that the laboratory-scale systems, designed based on the scale-down principles developed in this study and mathematic simulation with the model parameters calibrated by using the data obtained from the laboratory experiment, were able to describe the performance of the full-scale process.The applications of the approaches and principles are not limited to geographic locations and types of pollutants, and thus can reduce significantly the cost and time for the process development of the activated sludge process. This book will be an invaluable reference source for process and design engineers and consultants concerned with biological wastewater treatment as well as researchers in universities and research institutes.
Book Synopsis Characterizing Mechanisms of Simultaneous Biological Nutrient Removal During Wastewater Treatment by : P. F. Strom
Download or read book Characterizing Mechanisms of Simultaneous Biological Nutrient Removal During Wastewater Treatment written by P. F. Strom and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simultaneous biological nutrient removal (SBNR) is the removal of nitrogen and/or phosphorus in excess of that required for biomass synthesis in biological wastewater treatment systems where there are no defined anaerobic and/or anoxic zones. The hypothesis is that one or more of three mechanisms is responsible within individual systems: variations in the bioreactor macroenvironment created by the mixing pattern, gradients within the floc microenvironment, and/or novel microorganism activity. Understanding of the mechanisms of SBNR can be expected to lead to improved efficiency and reliability in its application. Preliminary work documented SBNR in 7 full-scale OrbalTM closed loop bioreactors. A batch assay demonstrated that novel microorganism activity was of little importance in SBNR at the three plants tested. While the floc microenvironment likely plays an important role in nitrogen removal in such plants, it cannot explain phosphorus removal. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to elucidate the role of the bioreactor macroenvironment in SBNR. This is the first reported application of CFD to activated sludge biological wastewater treatment. Although the software and computational requirements limited model complexity, it still simulated the creation of dissolved oxygen gradients within the system, demonstrating that the anaerobic zones required for SBNR could occur.
Book Synopsis An Operator's Guide to Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) in the Activated Sludge Process by : Michael H. Gerardi
Download or read book An Operator's Guide to Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) in the Activated Sludge Process written by Michael H. Gerardi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Contents - List of Tables - List of Figures - PART ONE: NITRIFICATION - Chapter 1 Introduction - Chapter 2 Nitrogenous and Phosphorous Compounds - Chapter 3 Nitrification: The Basics - Chapter 4 Nitrifying Bacteria - Chapter 5 Nitrification and Limiting Factors - Chapter 6 Promoting Nitrification - PART TWO: DENITRIFICATION - Chapter 7 Denitrification: The Basics - Chapter 8 Denitrifying Bacteria - Chapter 9 Denitrification and Limiting Factors - PART THREE: BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL - Chapter 10 Biological Phosphorus Removal: The Basics - Chapter 11 EBPR: Process Control - Abbreviations and Acronyms - Glossary - Bibliography - Biological nutrient removal (BNR), the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater, is a complex process. Although the activated sludge process is an efficient technology for the removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS), it provides less-than-optimal conditions for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, and presents numerous challenges to the operator trying to satisfy the many requirements for several different groups of bacteria. In addition to satisfying the requirements there are numerous, highly variable operational conditions that impact BNR. These conditions include: changes in strength and composition of the wastewater, alkalinity and pH, temperature, and presence of inhibitory and toxic wastes. Even fluctuations in flows, especially from inflow and infiltration, can adversely impact the aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic conditions needed for successful BNR. Of the three treatment processes, nitrification, denitrification, and enhanced biological removal, nitrification is often the most difficult to achieve. Therefore, a large portion of this book reviews nitrification. Operators of the activated sludge process need to understand the basic biological, chemical, and physical requirements for BNR in order to improve the performance of these treatment processes. An Operator's Guide to Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) in the Activated Sludge Process is intended to help operators in the monitoring, troubleshooting, and process control of BNR. Numerous tables and figures are included in the book to help the operator understand the biological and chemical reactions that are involved in BNR processes and how the reactions can be monitored for process control. Design of BNR processes is not addressed in this book. Design is addressed in numerous engineering publications. The book serves to help operators achieve permit compliance for nitrogen and phosphorus discharge limits and obtain cost-effective operation.
Book Synopsis Secondary Settling Tanks by : G. A. Ekama
Download or read book Secondary Settling Tanks written by G. A. Ekama and published by International Water Assn. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The secondary settling tank (SST) plays a major ro
Book Synopsis Activated Sludge and Nutrient Removal by : Water Environment Federation
Download or read book Activated Sludge and Nutrient Removal written by Water Environment Federation and published by Manual of Practice. This book was released on 2017-08-09 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated Sludge and Nutrient Removal guides you through selecting an appropriate sludge age, calculating wasting rates, optimizing return activated sludge flow, managing clarifier blankets, and setting DO and ORP set points.
Book Synopsis Process Improvements in Biological Nutrient Removal Systems for Better Wastewater Treatment Performance by : Shengnan Xu
Download or read book Process Improvements in Biological Nutrient Removal Systems for Better Wastewater Treatment Performance written by Shengnan Xu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Process improvements for better wastewater treatment performance are necessary with stringent discharge requirements. The main objective of this research is to develop new wastewater treatment technologies for improved nutrient removal and the degradation of recalcitrant organic nitrogen compounds. In this research, a reverse A2 /O system demonstrated better phosphorus removal efficiency than the regular A2 /O system by inverting the sequence of anaerobic and anoxic zones. Placing an anoxic stage before the anaerobic stage in the reverse A2 /O process resulted in a lower oxidation-reduction potential in the anaerobic zone, which contributed to higher P uptake by bacteria under subsequent aerobic respiration. With the development of emerging environmental nanotechnology, the effectiveness of nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) in nutrient removal was also determined under anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic conditions. The highest P removal efficiency (95% at the initial P concentration of 10 mg/L) by NZVI was observed under anoxic abiotic conditions. Furthermore, new applications of NZVI as an antiseptic/antimicrobial material were extended to sludge bulking control. In two Modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) activated sludge treatment systems, a single dose of NZVI at the final concentration of 100 mg Fe/L in the mixed liquor reduced the number of filamentous bacteria Type 021N by 2-3 log units (a reduction of 99.9 and 96.7% in MLE tank #1 and #2, respectively). Additional benefits of the use of NZVI such as improved P removal was also determined. The side effect of the use of NZVI depended on sludge bulking conditions and biomass concentration. In the last part of this dissertation, process improvements to remove recalcitrant organic N compounds such as melamine were evaluated. Melamine is a nitrogen-rich (67% nitrogen by mass) heterocyclic aromatic compound that could significantly increase effluent total nitrogen concentrations. The degradation of melamine and its impact on activated sludge operation in conventional activated sludge (CAS) systems and MBRs with high biomass concentrations were compared. Melamine was dosed continuously in CAS and MBR systems at an influent concentration of 3 mg/L for about 100 days. Even after such a long period of sludge adaptation, melamine appeared not to be easily biodegradable in any of the CAS and MBR systems indicating that selective enrichment of special microbes (melamine degradation specialists) and the special enzymes responsible for melamine degradation cannot be induced through acclimation. However, a significant reduction in toxicity of melamine to the activated sludge was observed in MBR systems, demonstrating the significance of MBR operation at high sludge concentrations.
Book Synopsis Recurrent Neural Networks by : Larry Medsker
Download or read book Recurrent Neural Networks written by Larry Medsker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-12-20 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With existent uses ranging from motion detection to music synthesis to financial forecasting, recurrent neural networks have generated widespread attention. The tremendous interest in these networks drives Recurrent Neural Networks: Design and Applications, a summary of the design, applications, current research, and challenges of this subfield of artificial neural networks. This overview incorporates every aspect of recurrent neural networks. It outlines the wide variety of complex learning techniques and associated research projects. Each chapter addresses architectures, from fully connected to partially connected, including recurrent multilayer feedforward. It presents problems involving trajectories, control systems, and robotics, as well as RNN use in chaotic systems. The authors also share their expert knowledge of ideas for alternate designs and advances in theoretical aspects. The dynamical behavior of recurrent neural networks is useful for solving problems in science, engineering, and business. This approach will yield huge advances in the coming years. Recurrent Neural Networks illuminates the opportunities and provides you with a broad view of the current events in this rich field.
Book Synopsis Activated Sludge: Developments And Sustainable Solutions by : Nicholas F Gray
Download or read book Activated Sludge: Developments And Sustainable Solutions written by Nicholas F Gray and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2023-02-27 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated sludge is the most widely used biological wastewater treatment process globally to date, although its high energy demand makes it a major contributor of greenhouse gas emissions. Over recent decades it has been constantly modified and retrofitted to treat ever higher loads or improve effluent standards which have often resulted in even greater carbon emissions. Conventional activated sludge treatment is at a crossroads where new sustainable solutions are required if we are to protect the quality of our rivers and meet net-zero carbon targets.The book details current operation and design with special emphasis on the biological aspects of the process. From the microbial kinetics to the fascinating process of floc formation and development, the book explores the development of our understanding of the process looking at new sustainable designs, including biological nutrient removal and new aeration systems. Sludge separation problems and control options are explained, with a trouble-shooting guide to non-bulking problems. Environmental issues including noise, odor, aerosols, micro-plastics and nanoparticles are all reviewed, as is pathogen removal and the problem of antibiotic resistant genes and bacteria. The development of membrane bioreactors has increased process reliability and effluent quality, while integrated fixed-film activated sludge processes are more efficient and compact. The book concludes by exploring how activated sludge can become more sustainable, for example, by carbon harvesting and byproduct recovery.This interdisciplinary book is essential reading for both engineers and scientists whether training at university or practitioners and consultants in the wastewater industry.Related Link(s)
Book Synopsis Wastewater Treatment Systems by : Gustaf Olsson
Download or read book Wastewater Treatment Systems written by Gustaf Olsson and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 1999-05-31 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a book for those operating and studying biological wastewater treatment plants. It introduces the state-of-the-art in process systems analysis (modelling and simulation, monitoring and diagnosis, process control and instrumentation) and in particular its application to wastewater treatment. While the emphasis is on biological nutrient removal, there is discussion of anaerobic treatment, and the principles apply to any treatment process. For the computer literate there is also a collection of MATLAB programs and functions that are mentioned throughout the book. They will run on both the professional and student editions of MATLAB Version 5. Contents Modelling Plant Dynamics, Basic Modelling, Advanced Modelling Empirical or Black-Box Models, Experiments and Data Screening, Principles of Parameter Estimation, Fitting and Validating Models, Simulators Diagnosis Diagnosis - an Introduction, Quality Management, Model Based Diagnosis, Knowledge Based Systems Control Goals and Strategies, Disturbances Manipulated Variables, Feedback Control, Model Based Control, Batch Plant Control, Plant Wide Control, Benefit Studies Instrumentation Primary Sensors, Analysers Actuators and Controllers The Future
Book Synopsis Applications of Aerobic Granular Sludge and Source-separated Urine for Enhanced Nutrient Removal and Recovery by : Stephany Wei
Download or read book Applications of Aerobic Granular Sludge and Source-separated Urine for Enhanced Nutrient Removal and Recovery written by Stephany Wei and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrient removal is one of the main goals of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) to prevent eutrophication in the environment. The growing population and increasingly stringent discharge limits impose a need for intensification of existing wastewater infrastructure to maximize treatment capacity in the available space. The secondary goals of wastewater treatment are related to sustainability, such as reduced chemical usage and resource recovery. This thesis aims to find actionable maps for compact wastewater treatment solutions and new concepts for nutrient recovery with four specific objectives. (1) Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is an emerging technology that can enhance biological nutrient removal with reduced footprint. The current AGS technology is implemented in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) and its integration into existing full-scale continuous flow activate sludge (CFAS) systems is the next challenge to make this technology widely accessible. This thesis aims to address this research gap by understanding the selection factors contributing to granule growth in CFAS systems, investigating the partitioning of microbial community between granules versus flocs, and exploring strategies for cultivating granules in a WWTP. The major conclusions from this work are the following: (i) Aerobic granules were discovered to naturally occur at 13 surveyed CFAS plants and their abundance were related to key design features such as high anaerobic food to mass ratios and influent soluble carbon fraction. Molecular analyses indicated that process configurations that select for slow-growing heterotrophs may also play an important role. (ii) In a hybrid granular activated sludge reactor, flocs offered better growth conductions for polyphosphate accumulating organisms while ammonia-oxidizing bacteria benefitted from the longer SRT in the granules. A complex relationship of microbial competition/cooperation between granules and flocs was demonstrated, highlighting the important role of small particles in maintaining the nutrient removal capacity of a hybrid granule/floc system. (iii) Full-scale application of a novel biocarrier technology for intensifying a CFAS plant was demonstrated with an all-organic media made of kenafs to facilitate biofilm attachment. The biofilm aggregates developed were comparable to SBR-type aerobic granules in terms of physical characteristics and activities of key microbial functional groups. (2) Phosphorus recovery is gaining importance as the global phosphorus reserves is a finite resource. Struvite (MgNH4PO4. 6H2O) is a proven slow-releasing fertilizer that can be obtained via precipitation. Struvite precipitation at WWTPs uses reject water from anaerobic digesters, but sludge thickening prior to digestion is needed to obtain high enough P concentrations in the struvite reactor as necessary to drive precipitation kinetics. This research aims to utilize the high thickening characteristics of AGS to demonstrate the production of a P-rich stream by simple anaerobic holding of the waste granular sludge. This concept was tested with aerobic granules cultivated on aquaculture waste, achieving a P-rich stream without the need for sludge thickening equipment or anaerobic digester. (3) Resource recovery at a WWTP can be limited by existing infrastructure and diluted concentrations. On the other hand, urine collected at the source (source-separated urine) offers an alternative stream for struvite recovery and is more favorable to centralized WWTP in terms of sustainable nutrient management. Struvite recovery from urine is well-demonstrated but due to the disproportionally high N/P ratio, significant amount of ammonia is remained after the struvite recovery step and requires additional treatment. The industrial production of nitrogen fertilizer via the Haber Bosch process consumes 1 – 2% of the global energy usage, and thus recycling of nitrogen from wastewater is desired. This thesis tested a chemical/physical process that combines air stripping and acid scrubbing at pilot-scale and demonstrated 93% N removal, from which 85% was recovered in the form of ammonium sulfate fertilizer. (4) While nitrogen recovery via chemical/physical processes is a viable option (as identified in objective 3), the high energy demand is a major drawback. Biological nitrification offers a promising alternative as its energy input is lower than chemical/physical processes and the product (nitrified urine) is a good fertilizer. Urine can consist of varying compositions of ammonia and urea and in some cases (e.g., fresh urine), microbial hydrolysis of urea (ureolysis) is the first step towards obtaining a nitrified urine product. However, little is known about the ureolytic metabolism of nitrifying organisms and how their cellular regulations control the selective use of different nitrogen substrates. This thesis characterized the ureolytic physiology of five ammonia oxidizer isolates and showcased their varying regulatory responses to alternative nitrogen substrates.
Book Synopsis Bioaugmentation with Sidestream Granular Sludge for Nitrification in Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment by : John Andrews Carter
Download or read book Bioaugmentation with Sidestream Granular Sludge for Nitrification in Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment written by John Andrews Carter and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stricter effluent permits and growing metropolitan areas have contributed to a move towards the intensification of biological treatment processes for water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). Process intensification with aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has the potential to increase the treatment capacity of WRRFs and enable or increase biological nutrient removal without increasing footprint. Growth of AGS in continuous flow activated sludge (CFAS) facilities has yet to be fully realized, despite the success of AGS wastewater treatment in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). Sidestream growth and bioaugmentation of AGS aim to take advantage of the selection pressures for growth of granular sludge in SBRs to increase the treatment and nutrient removal capacity of a CFAS system. A sidestream SBR fed acetate and anaerobic digestion centrate diluted with final effluent was used to grow AGS enriched with ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) to evaluate the effect of sidestream AGS bioaugmentation on a low solids retention time (SRT) non-nitrifying CFAS system in a pilot plant study. The CFAS system had a hydraulic separator unit for the purpose of uncoupling the SRTs of granular and flocculent sludge to enhance the impact of bioaugmentation. The sidestream SBR was operated for a 6.5-month period at an NH3-N loading of 0.31 ± 0.04 g/L-d, an SRT of 25-30 days, and a mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration between 8.6 and 14.4 g/L. The sidestream NH3-N loading averaged 21% of the mainstream NH3-N loading, to represent a typical proportion for full-scale treatment systems with anaerobic sludge digestion. Specific nitrification rates (SNRs) varied between 1.2 and 1.4 mg NH3-N/g VSS-hr. A low DO:NH3-N concentration ratio of 0.06 mg/mg or less during the aeration phase resulted in suppression of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) growth and thus shortcut nitrogen removal with over 89% simultaneous nitrification/denitrification. NOB suppression was evident because of an effluent NO2-:/NO3-N ratio of greater than 1.0 and a qPCR AOB to NOB ratio of between 3 and 4. A high COD:N removed ratio of 6.0 – 7.0 resulted in PAOs to be in the granule outer aerobic layers besides the inner core to thus compete with AOBs for space and dissolved oxygen, which would limit AOB activity causing a lower SNR than expected based on prior operation with the same reactor. The mainstream pilot was seeded with return activated sludge from a local WRRF and operated at two different time periods: Phase 1 and Phase 2. Phase 1 provided initial operating experience for the CFAS system but was shut down for pilot plant repairs and modifications before bioaugmentation could be started. Phase 2 lasted 56 days with 3 operating conditions: 1) 16 days for baseline flocculent sludge operation, 2) a spike of sidestream AGS and operation for 20 days, and 3) 20 days with continual sidestream bioaugmentation. After bioaugmentation the separator only captured 40-50% of the granular sludge, which limited the fraction of granules in the MLSS from 17.1 to 40.5%, the granular to floc SRT ratio to an average of 1.5, and the nitrification efficiency to increase by 20 to 30%.
Book Synopsis Industrial Wastewater Treatment by Activated Sludge by : Derin Orhon
Download or read book Industrial Wastewater Treatment by Activated Sludge written by Derin Orhon and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2009-02-02 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial pollution is still a major concern and despite its significance, sound and systematic pollution control efforts are very poorly documented. The character and treatability of industrial wastewaters is highly variable and specific for each industrial activity. Biological treatment with activated sludge is the appropriate technology for industrial wastewaters from several major industrial sectors. Industrial Wastewater Treatment by Activated Sludge deals with the activated sludge treatment of industrial wastewaters by considering conceptual frameworks, methodologies and case studies, in a stepwise manner. The issues related to activated sludge treatment, such as biodegradability based characterization, modeling, assessment of stoichiometric and kinetic parameters and design, as well as the issues of industrial pollution control, e.g. in-plant control, effect of pretreatment, etc. are combined in a way to provide a comprehensive and information-rich view to the reader. By doing so, the book supplies an up-to-date reference for industrial wastewater experts and both graduate and undergraduate students. Industrial Wastewater Treatment by Activated Sludge provides a roadmap, describing the methodologies for the treatment of industrial wastewaters from several major sectors, based on a solid theoretical background. Up to now although valuable separate efforts both on activated sludge and industrial wastewater treatment have been presented, an integrated approach that is crucial to practice has not been available. This gap is filled by this book.
Book Synopsis Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors by : Marcos Von Sperling
Download or read book Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors written by Marcos Von Sperling and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2007-03-30 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors is the fifth volume in the series Biological Wastewater Treatment. The first part of the book is devoted to the activated sludge process, covering the removal of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus.A detailed analysis of the biological reactor (aeration tank) and the final sedimentation tanks is provided. The second part of the book covers aerobic biofilm reactors, especially trickling filters, rotating biological contractors and submerged aerated biofilters. For all the systems, the book presents in a clear and informative way the main concepts, working principles, expected removal efficiencies, design criteria, design examples, construction aspects and operational guidelines. About the series: The series is based on a highly acclaimed set of best selling textbooks. This international version is comprised by six textbooks giving a state-of-the-art presentation of the science and technology of biological wastewater treatment. Other titles in the series are: Volume 1: Waste Stabilisation Ponds; Volume 2: Basic Principles of Wastewater Treatment; Volume 3: Waste Stabilization Ponds; Volume 4: Anaerobic Reactors; Volume 6: Sludge Treatment and Disposal
Book Synopsis External nitrification in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems by : Zhirong Hu
Download or read book External nitrification in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems written by Zhirong Hu and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
