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Perchlorate Reduction Using Electrochemically Induced Pitting Corrosion Of Zero Valent Titanium
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Book Synopsis Perchlorate Reduction Using Electrochemically Induced Pitting Corrosion of Zero-valent Titanium by : Chun Woo Lee
Download or read book Perchlorate Reduction Using Electrochemically Induced Pitting Corrosion of Zero-valent Titanium written by Chun Woo Lee and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perchlorate is a threat to public health through water but also food. However, there is no effective chemical treatment process which can destroy perchlorate found in groundwater and surface water. Thus, there is growing interest in developing effective technologies, especially chemical treatments, to completely destroy trace levels of perchlorate present in drinking and groundwater. The research on perchlorate reduction by zero-valent titanium (Ti(0)) showed that perchlorate was effectively reduced to chloride using electrochemically developed pitting corrosion on Ti(0). Perchlorate reduction was believed to be caused by an active reductant (dissolved Ti(II)) during the pitting corrosion of Ti(0). The rate of perchlorate reduction was independent on the imposed potential as long as the potential was maintained above the pitting potential of Ti(0), but it was proportional to the applied current. The perchlorate reduction on the pitting developed Ti(0) was inhibited by the presence of chloride and bromide. Inhibition mechanism of perchlorate reduction inhibition was believed to be caused either by competitive adsorption of aggressive anions on bare Ti(0) surface or Ti(II) consumption by electrochemically produced chlorine. Kinetic models were developed based surface coverage of aggressive anions on bare Ti(0) and Ti(II) oxidation by chlorine. These kinetic models supported the perchlorate concentration change in the solution, but Ti(II) consumption model was not able to predict chloride concentration due to insufficient information describing complex nature of pitting on Ti(0). These results shown in this research demonstrate that pitting corrosion developed Ti(0) has the capability to chemically reduce perchlorate present in natural water and engineered systems as well as possible problems associated with electric input. This research may be a starting point for development of a new treatment process that applies titanium or titanium metal ions as a chemical reductant to abate contaminants present in natural and engineering systems. Further developments can be achieved by alloying titanium metal with other metals such as iron and aluminum, and finding a methodology producing stable Ti(II) in ambient conditions.
Book Synopsis Advances in Hydrochloric Acid Research and Application: 2012 Edition by :
Download or read book Advances in Hydrochloric Acid Research and Application: 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Hydrochloric Acid Research and Application / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Hydrochloric Acid in a concise format. The editors have built Advances in Hydrochloric Acid Research and Application / 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Hydrochloric Acid in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Hydrochloric Acid Research and Application / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry by :
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-03-29 with total page 5276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry: Surface Science and Electrochemistry, Seven Volume Set summarizes current, fundamental knowledge of interfacial chemistry, bringing readers the latest developments in the field. As the chemical and physical properties and processes at solid and liquid interfaces are the scientific basis of so many technologies which enhance our lives and create new opportunities, its important to highlight how these technologies enable the design and optimization of functional materials for heterogeneous and electro-catalysts in food production, pollution control, energy conversion and storage, medical applications requiring biocompatibility, drug delivery, and more. This book provides an interdisciplinary view that lies at the intersection of these fields. Presents fundamental knowledge of interfacial chemistry, surface science and electrochemistry and provides cutting-edge research from academics and practitioners across various fields and global regions
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 1006 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Perchlorate Reduction by Surfactant-modified Zero Valent Iron by : Sami Mohamed Segni
Download or read book Perchlorate Reduction by Surfactant-modified Zero Valent Iron written by Sami Mohamed Segni and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Corrosion of Titanium by : J. D. Jackson
Download or read book Corrosion of Titanium written by J. D. Jackson and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Perchlorate in the Environment by : Edward Todd Urbansky
Download or read book Perchlorate in the Environment written by Edward Todd Urbansky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a symposium sponsored by the Environmental Division of the American Chemical Society, Perchlorate in the Environment is the first comprehensive book to address perchlorate as a potable water contaminant. The two main topics are: analytical chemistry (focusing on ion chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry), and treatment or remediation. Also included are topics such as ion exchange, phytoremediation, bacterial reduction of perchlorate, bioreactors, and in situ bioremediation. To provide complete coverage, background chapters on fundamental chemistry, toxicology, and reulatory issues are also included. The authors are environmental consultants, government researchers, industry experts, and university professors from a wide array of disciplines.
Book Synopsis The Chemistry of Aqua Ions: Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity by : David T. Richens
Download or read book The Chemistry of Aqua Ions: Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity written by David T. Richens and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1997-04-08 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been written at a time when environmental issues and the move towards "clean technology" is driving synthetic chemists away from organic based solvent systems and towards water as the preferred medium of the future. The paints industry has already moved to aqueous based products. Metal aqua complexes are widely used in the areas of catalysis, dyes and pigments and in hydrometallurgy where a complete understanding of the metal ions in aqueous media is highly desirable.
Book Synopsis Electrochemistry for Materials Science by : Walfried Plieth
Download or read book Electrochemistry for Materials Science written by Walfried Plieth and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-01-08 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the principles of electrochemistry with a special emphasis on materials science. This book is clearly organized around the main topic areas comprising electrolytes, electrodes, development of the potential differences in combining electrolytes with electrodes, the electrochemical double layer, mass transport, and charge transfer, making the subject matter more accessible.In the second part, several important areas for materials science are described in more detail. These chapters bridge the gap between the introductory textbooks and the more specialized literature. They feature the electrodeposition of metals and alloys, electrochemistry of oxides and semiconductors, intrinsically conducting polymers, and aspects of nanotechnology with an emphasis on the codeposition of nanoparticles.This book provides a good introduction into electrochemistry for the graduate student. For the research student as well as for the advanced reader there is sufficient information on the basic problems in special chapters. The book is suitable for students and researchers in chemistry, physics, engineering, as well as materials science.- Introduction into electrochemistry- Metal and alloy electrodeposition- Oxides and semiconductors, corrosion- Intrinsically conducting polymers- Codeposition of nanoparticles, multilayers
Book Synopsis Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites by : National Research Council
Download or read book Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-27 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across the United States, thousands of hazardous waste sites are contaminated with chemicals that prevent the underlying groundwater from meeting drinking water standards. These include Superfund sites and other facilities that handle and dispose of hazardous waste, active and inactive dry cleaners, and leaking underground storage tanks; many are at federal facilities such as military installations. While many sites have been closed over the past 30 years through cleanup programs run by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. EPA, and other state and federal agencies, the remaining caseload is much more difficult to address because the nature of the contamination and subsurface conditions make it difficult to achieve drinking water standards in the affected groundwater. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites estimates that at least 126,000 sites across the U.S. still have contaminated groundwater, and their closure is expected to cost at least $110 billion to $127 billion. About 10 percent of these sites are considered "complex," meaning restoration is unlikely to be achieved in the next 50 to 100 years due to technological limitations. At sites where contaminant concentrations have plateaued at levels above cleanup goals despite active efforts, the report recommends evaluating whether the sites should transition to long-term management, where risks would be monitored and harmful exposures prevented, but at reduced costs.
Book Synopsis Electrochemical Water and Wastewater Treatment by : Carlos Alberto Martínez-Huitle
Download or read book Electrochemical Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Carlos Alberto Martínez-Huitle and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2018-05-29 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochemical Water Treatment Methods provides the fundamentals and applications of electrochemical water treatment methods to treat industrial effluents. Sections provide an overview of the technology, its current state of development, and how it is making its way into industry applications. Other sections deal with historical developments and the fundamentals of 18 methods, including coupled methods, such as Electrocoagulation, Peroxi-Coagulation and Electro-Fenton treatments. In addition, users will find discussions that relate to industries such as Pulp and Paper, Pharmaceuticals, Textiles, and Urban/Domestic wastewater, amongst others. Final sections present advantages, disadvantages and ways to combine renewable energy sources and electrochemical methods to design sustainable facilities. Environmental and Chemical Engineers will benefit from the extensive collection of methods and industry focused application cases, but researchers in environmental chemistry will also find interesting examples on how methods can be transitioned from lab environments to practical applications. - Offers an excellent overview of the research advances and current applications of electrochemical technologies for water treatment - Explains, in a comprehensive way, the fundamentals of different electrochemical uses and applications of different technologies - Provides a large number of examples as evidence of practical applications of electrochemistry to environmental protection - Explores the combination possibilities with other treatment technologies or emerging technologies for destroying water pollutants
Book Synopsis CRC Handbook of Metal Etchants by : Perrin Walker
Download or read book CRC Handbook of Metal Etchants written by Perrin Walker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-12-11 with total page 1434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents cleaning and etching solutions, their applications, and results on inorganic materials. It is a comprehensive collection of etching and cleaning solutions in a single source. Chemical formulas are presented in one of three standard formats - general, electrolytic or ionized gas formats - to insure inclusion of all necessary operational data as shown in references that accompany each numbered formula. The book describes other applications of specific solutions, including their use on other metals or metallic compounds. Physical properties, association of natural and man-made minerals, and materials are shown in relationship to crystal structure, special processing techniques and solid state devices and assemblies fabricated. This publication also presents a number of organic materials which are widely used in handling and general processing...waxes, plastics, and lacquers for example. It is useful to individuals involved in study, development, and processing of metals and metallic compounds. It is invaluable for readers from the college level to industrial R & D and full-scale device fabrication, testing and sales. Scientific disciplines, work areas and individuals with great interest include: chemistry, physics, metallurgy, geology, solid state, ceramic and glass, research libraries, individuals dealing with chemical processing of inorganic materials, societies and schools.
Book Synopsis Molten Salt Technology by : David G. Lovering
Download or read book Molten Salt Technology written by David G. Lovering and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-14 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corrosion Control written by S. Bradford and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human beings undoubtedly became aware of corrosion just after they made their first metals. These people probably began to control corrosion very so on after that by trying to keep metal away from corrosive environments. "Bring your tools in out of the rain" and "Clean the blood off your sword right after battle" would have been early maxims. Now that the mechanisms of corrosion are better understood, more techniques have been developed to control it. My corrosion experience extends over 10 years in industry and research and over 20 years teaching corrosion courses to university engineering students and industrial consulting. During that time I have developed an approach to corrosion that has successfully trained over 1500 engineers. This book treats corrosion and high-temperature oxidation separately. Corrosion is divided into three groups: (1) chemical dissolution including uniform attack, (2) electrochemical corrosion from either metallurgicalor environmental cells, and (3) corrosive-mechanical interactions. It seems more logical to group corrosion according to mechanisms than to arbitrarily separate them into 8 or 20 different types of corrosion as if they were unrelated. University students and industry personnel alike generally are afraid of chemistry and consequently approach corrosion theory very hesitantly. In this text the electrochemical reactions responsible for corrosion are summed up in only five simple half-cell reactions. When these are combined on a polarization diagram, which is explained in detail, the electrochemical pro cesses become obvious.
Book Synopsis Methods and Techniques for Cleaning-up Contaminated Sites by : Michael D. Annable
Download or read book Methods and Techniques for Cleaning-up Contaminated Sites written by Michael D. Annable and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-29 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication comprises the presentations made at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop held in Sinaia, Romania 9 – 11 October, 2006. The contributions represent a unique cross section of issues and challenges related to contaminated site management. These range from low cost solutions to petroleum contaminated sites to advances in biological treatment methods. The publication is meant to foster links between groups facing challenges cleaning up contaminated sites.
Book Synopsis Perchlorates by : Lawrence E. Matthews
Download or read book Perchlorates written by Lawrence E. Matthews and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perchlorates are the salts derived from perchloric acid (HClO4). They occur both naturally and through manufacturing. They have been used as a medicine for more than 50 years to treat thyroid gland disorders and are used extensively within the pyrotechnics industry, and ammonium perchlorate is also a component of solid rocket fuel. This book presents current research data from across the globe in the study of perchlorates, their production, uses, and health effects. Some topics discussed, herein, are: trends in the study of the electrochemical stability of perchlorate ions; the structural and vibrational properties of chromyl perchlorate; perchlorate formation in electrochemical water disinfection; metal perchlorates as Lewis acids; alkaline earth metal perchlorates; and removal of perchlorate from water.
