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Perception And Control Methods For Improving The Autonomy Of Off Road Robots
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Book Synopsis Perception and Control Methods for Improving the Autonomy of Off-road Robots by : Marc-André Bégin
Download or read book Perception and Control Methods for Improving the Autonomy of Off-road Robots written by Marc-André Bégin and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite their growing use in outdoor agriculture, mobile robots remain challenging to operate under off-road conditions. The agricultural robot designed as part of the present work, nicknamed RoverII, offers a good case study since it was developed for field-surveying tasks on dairy farms and needs to operate autonomously on uneven terrain and under light conditions that are challenging for visual perception. This thesis aims at improving the autonomy of off-road robots by addressing two key problems encountered with RoverII. First, it requires a suspension to quickly traverse uneven terrain. As a result, the control of its robotic manipulator is complicated by the dynamic coupling with the suspension. Based on Lyapunov's stability theory, this thesis contributes RaPID, a tuning procedure for the PID control of suspended manipulators that guarantees the stability of the system. The algorithm applies to any serial manipulator mounted on a flexible base and does not rely on linearization. To facilitate its adoption among control designers, an open-source implementation of RaPID is shared with the robotics community. Second, robot Visual Odometry (VO) is particularly sensitive to road vibrations and fast maneuvers. These effects are even more prominent in low-light settings where underexposure, motion blur, or image noise can degrade VO performance depending on the exposure parameters selected by the camera. This thesis contributes VO-AutoExpose, an auto-exposure algorithm that, unlike existing ones, predicts exposure parameters maximizing VO performance by fully leveraging the camera's photometric response function and by explicitly balancing motion blur and image noise effects. Together, these features allow VO-AutoExpose to outperform state-of-the-art auto-exposure algorithms in challenging light conditions. Finally, while a majority of works in t he VO literature rely on standard datasets, the experimental validation used in the present work directly compares the performance of different auto-exposure algorithms by accurately repeating the same camera trajectory multiple times on a custom positioning table.
Book Synopsis Robust Perception from Optical Sensors for Reactive Behaviors in Autonomous Robotic Vehicles by : Alexander Schaub
Download or read book Robust Perception from Optical Sensors for Reactive Behaviors in Autonomous Robotic Vehicles written by Alexander Schaub and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-18 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alexander Schaub examines how a reactive instinctive behavior, similar to instinctive reactions as incorporated by living beings, can be achieved for intelligent mobile robots to extend the classic reasoning approaches. He identifies possible applications for reactive approaches, as they enable a fast response time, increase robustness and have a high abstraction ability, even though reactive methods are not universally applicable. The chosen applications are obstacle avoidance and relative positioning – which can also be utilized for navigation – and a combination of both. The implementation of reactive instinctive behaviors for the identified tasks is then validated in simulation together with real world experiments.
Book Synopsis Cognitive Processing in Behavior-Based Perception of Autonomous Off-Road Vehicles by : Patrick Wolf
Download or read book Cognitive Processing in Behavior-Based Perception of Autonomous Off-Road Vehicles written by Patrick Wolf and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work addresses the environmental recognition of autonomous off-road vehicles. Algorithms, like deep learning, offer impressive performance regarding the classification and segmentation of a scene. However, context changes, scene variabilities, or disturbances pose significant challenges to these approaches and cause perception failures. A challenge is achieving the universal applicability of perception algorithms. Usually, an algorithm fails in particular situations due to unconsidered circumstances in the design phase, and complexity prevents fully considering all details. Accordingly, this thesis aims to increase the perception s robustness through context and data incorporation. Furthermore, it derives concepts for transferring methods to other robots and scenes. A hint that such a task is achievable provides human cognition, which is remarkably skillful and adjusts to arbitrary situations. Biologically motivated perception and cognitive research indicate how an achievable perception design might function, leading to guidelines for artificial perception conception. The paradigm of behavior-based systems suits these criteria due to modularity, reactivity, and robustness. It allows realizing robust and transferable perception and control systems.Consequently, the thesis proposes a novel and reconfigurable behavior-based top-down and bottom-up perception approach. Quality assessment for data filtering and deviation control is a central aspect, resulting in improved perception and data fusion results. Attentional processing allows for selecting data based on attractiveness, task, environmental context, and history. Further, context assessment of classification results enables reasoning according to the robot s memories and knowledge. Validation uses five demonstrator vehicles operating in diverse environments and fulfilling distinct tasks. Here, a robust performance was achievable, and perception adjusted well to the tested scenes and hardware layouts.
Book Synopsis Learning to Drive by : David Michael Stavens
Download or read book Learning to Drive written by David Michael Stavens and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year, 1.2 million people die in automobile accidents and up to 50 million are injured. Many of these deaths are due to driver error and other preventable causes. Autonomous or highly aware cars have the potential to positively impact tens of millions of people. Building an autonomous car is not easy. Although the absolute number of traffic fatalities is tragically large, the failure rate of human driving is actually very small. A human driver makes a fatal mistake once in about 88 million miles. As a co-founding member of the Stanford Racing Team, we have built several relevant prototypes of autonomous cars. These include Stanley, the winner of the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge and Junior, the car that took second place in the 2007 Urban Challenge. These prototypes demonstrate that autonomous vehicles can be successful in challenging environments. Nevertheless, reliable, cost-effective perception under uncertainty is a major challenge to the deployment of robotic cars in practice. This dissertation presents selected perception technologies for autonomous driving in the context of Stanford's autonomous cars. We consider speed selection in response to terrain conditions, smooth road finding, improved visual feature optimization, and cost effective car detection. Our work does not rely on manual engineering or even supervised machine learning. Rather, the car learns on its own, training itself without human teaching or labeling. We show this "self-supervised" learning often meets or exceeds traditional methods. Furthermore, we feel self-supervised learning is the only approach with the potential to provide the very low failure rates necessary to improve on human driving performance.
Book Synopsis Autonomous Tracked Robots in Planar Off-Road Conditions by : Ramón González
Download or read book Autonomous Tracked Robots in Planar Off-Road Conditions written by Ramón González and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-22 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is framed within the context of off-road mobile robotics. In particular, it discusses issues related to modelling, localization, and motion control of tracked mobile robots working in planar slippery conditions. Tracked locomotion constitutes a well-known solution for mobile platforms operating over diverse challenging terrains, for that reason, tracked robotics constitutes an important research field with many applications (e.g. agriculture, mining, search and rescue operations, military activities). The specific topics of this monograph are: historical perspective of tracked vehicles and tracked robots; trajectory-tracking model taking into account slip effect; visual-odometry-based localization strategies; and advanced slip-compensation motion controllers ensuring efficient real-time execution. Physical experiments with a real tracked robot are presented showing the better performance of the suggested novel approaches to known techniques. Keywords: longitudinal slip, visual odometry, slip-compensation control, robust predictive control, trajectory tracking. Related subjects: Robotics – Mechanical Engineering – Mechanics – Computer Science – Artificial Intelligence - Applications
Book Synopsis Vision and Navigation by : Charles E. Thorpe
Download or read book Vision and Navigation written by Charles E. Thorpe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mobile robots are playing an increasingly important role in our world. Remotely operated vehicles are in everyday use for hazardous tasks such as charting and cleaning up hazardous waste spills, construction work of tunnels and high rise buildings, and underwater inspection of oil drilling platforms in the ocean. A whole host of further applications, however, beckons robots capable of autonomous operation without or with very little intervention of human operators. Such robots of the future will explore distant planets, map the ocean floor, study the flow of pollutants and carbon dioxide through our atmosphere and oceans, work in underground mines, and perform other jobs we cannot even imagine; perhaps even drive our cars and walk our dogs. The biggest technical obstacles to building mobile robots are vision and navigation-enabling a robot to see the world around it, to plan and follow a safe path through its environment, and to execute its tasks. At the Carnegie Mellon Robotics Institute, we are studying those problems both in isolation and by building complete systems. Since 1980, we have developed a series of small indoor mobile robots, some experimental, and others for practical applicationr Our outdoor autonomous mobile robot research started in 1984, navigating through the campus sidewalk network using a small outdoor vehicle called the Terregator. In 1985, with the advent of DARPA's Autonomous Land Vehicle Project, we constructed a computer controlled van with onboard sensors and researchers. In the fall of 1987, we began the development of a six-legged Planetary Rover.
Book Synopsis Technology Development for Army Unmanned Ground Vehicles by : National Research Council
Download or read book Technology Development for Army Unmanned Ground Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-02-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) are expected to play a key role in the Army's Objective Force structure. These UGVs would be used for weapons platforms, logistics carriers, and reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition among other things. To examine aspects of the Army's UGV program, assess technology readiness, and identify key issues in implementing UGV systems, among other questions, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research and Technology asked the National Research Council (NRC) to conduct a study of UGV technologies. This report discusses UGV operational requirements, current development efforts, and technology integration and roadmaps to the future. Key recommendations are presented addressing technical content, time lines, and milestones for the UGV efforts.
Book Synopsis Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles 1995 by : K. Koskinen
Download or read book Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles 1995 written by K. Koskinen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-23 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The area of intelligent autonomous vehicles or robots has proved to be very active and extensive both in challenging applications as well as in the source of theoretical development. Automation technology is rapidly developing in many areas including: agriculture, mining, traditional manufacturing, automotive industry and space exploration. The 2nd IFAC Conference on Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles 1995 provides the forum to exchange ideas and results among the leading researchers and practitioners in the field. This publication brings together the papers presented at the latest in the series and provides a key evaluation of developments in automation technologies.
Book Synopsis Path Planning for Autonomous Vehicle by : Umar Zakir Abdul Hamid
Download or read book Path Planning for Autonomous Vehicle written by Umar Zakir Abdul Hamid and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-10-02 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Path Planning (PP) is one of the prerequisites in ensuring safe navigation and manoeuvrability control for driverless vehicles. Due to the dynamic nature of the real world, PP needs to address changing environments and how autonomous vehicles respond to them. This book explores PP in the context of road vehicles, robots, off-road scenarios, multi-robot motion, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs ).
Book Synopsis Performance Enhancement of Wide-range Perception Issues for Autonomous Vehicles by : Suvash Sharma
Download or read book Performance Enhancement of Wide-range Perception Issues for Autonomous Vehicles written by Suvash Sharma and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the mission-critical nature of the autonomous driving application, underlying algorithms for scene understanding should be given special care during their development. Mostly, they should be designed with precise consideration of accuracy and run-time. Accuracy should be considered strictly which if compromised leads to faulty interpretation of the environment that may ultimately result in accidental scenarios. On the other hand, run-time holds an important position as the delayed understanding of the scene would hamper the real-time response of the vehicle which again leads to unforeseen accidental cases. These factors come as the functions of several factors such as the design and complexity of the algorithms, nature of the encountered objects or events in the environment, weather-induced effects, etc. In this work, several novel scene understanding algorithms in terms- of semantic segmentation are devised. First, a transfer learning technique is proposed in order to transfer the knowledge from the data-rich domain to a data-scarce off-road driving domain for semantic segmentation such that the learned information is efficiently transferred from one domain to another while reducing run-time and increasing the accuracy. Second, the performance of several segmentation algorithms is assessed under the easy-to-severe rainy condition and two methods for achieving the robustness are proposed. Third, a new method of eradicating the rain from the input images is proposed. Since autonomous vehicles are rich in sensors and each of them has the capability of representing different types of information, it is worth fusing the information from all the possible sensors. Forth, a fusion mechanism with a novel algorithm that facilitates the use of local and non-local attention in a cross-modal scenario with RGB camera images and lidar-based images for road detection using semantic segmentation is executed and validated for different driving scenarios. Fifth, a conceptually new method of off-road driving trail representation, called Traversability, is introduced. To establish the correlation between a vehicle’s capability and the level of difficulty of the driving trail, a new dataset called CaT (CAVS Traversability) is introduced. This dataset is very helpful for future research in several off-road driving applications including military purposes, robotic navigation, etc.
Book Synopsis Laser and Radar Based Robotic Perception by : Martin Adams
Download or read book Laser and Radar Based Robotic Perception written by Martin Adams and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser and Radar Based Robotic Perception looks at how perceptive laser and radar sensors provide information from the surrounding environment, a critical aspect of many robotics applications.
Download or read book CONTROLO 2022 written by Luís Brito Palma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-02 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a timely and comprehensive snapshot of research and developments in the fields of dynamic systems and control engineering. Covering a wide range of theoretical and practical issues, the contributions describes a number of different control approaches, such as PID control, adaptive control, nonlinear systems and control, intelligent monitoring and control based on fuzzy and neural systems, robust control systems, and real time control, among others. Sensors and actuators, measurement systems, renewable energy systems, aeronautic and aerospace systems as well as industrial control and automation, are also comprehensively covered. Based on the proceedings of the 15th APCA International Conference on Automatic Control and Soft Computing, held on July 6-8, 2022, in Caparica, Portugal, the book offers a timely and thoroughly survey of the latest research in the fields of dynamic systems and automatic control engineering, and a source of inspiration for researchers and professionals worldwide.
Book Synopsis Applied Guidance Methodologies for Off-road Vehicles by : Javad Taghia
Download or read book Applied Guidance Methodologies for Off-road Vehicles written by Javad Taghia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-05-01 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides methodologies for designing and implementing guidance algorithms for autonomous vehicles. These algorithms make important decision regarding how to steer and drive a ground vehicle in order to safely stay on an intended path, thereby making the vehicle driverless. The design tools provided in this book enable the reader to develop highly practical and real-world implementable guidance algorithms that will deliver high-accuracy driving for field vehicles. (They are equally applicable for on-road vehicles.) The book covers a variety of vehicle types, including wheeled vehicles, tracked vehicles, wheeled and tracked vehicles towing trailers, and four-wheel-steer and four-wheel-drive vehicles. It also covers active trailers that are driven and steered. Vehicles used in agriculture, mining and road construction are subjected to unpredictable and significant disturbances. The robust control methodologies presented can successfully compensate for these disturbances, as confirmed by the experimental results presented. Though the majority of the methodologies presented are based on sliding-mode controllers, other robust control methodologies are also discussed. To help the reader decide which controller is best suited for his/her choice of vehicle, experimental results are presented in a comparative format.
Book Synopsis Towards Autonomous Robotic Systems by : Abdelkhalick Mohammad
Download or read book Towards Autonomous Robotic Systems written by Abdelkhalick Mohammad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-02 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume LNAI 12228 constitute the refereed proceedings of the 21th Annual Conference "Towards Autonomous Robotics," TAROS 20120, held in Nottingham, UK, in September 2020.* The 30 full papers and 11 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 63 submissions. The papers present and discuss significant findings and advances in autonomous robotics research and applications. They are organized in the following topical sections: soft and compliant robots; mobile robots; learning, mapping and planning; human-robot interaction; and robotic systems and applications. * The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Book Synopsis Autonomous Robots Research Advances by : Weihua Yang
Download or read book Autonomous Robots Research Advances written by Weihua Yang and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autonomous robots are robots which can perform desired tasks in unstructured environments without continuous human guidance. Many kinds of robots have some degree of autonomy. Different robots can be autonomous in different ways. A high degree of autonomy is particularly desirable in fields such as space exploration, where communication delays and interruptions are unavoidable. Some modern factory robots are "autonomous" within the strict confines of their direct environment. The exact orientation and position of the next object of work and (in the more advanced factories) even the type of object and the required task must be determined. This can vary unpredictably (at least from the robot's point of view). One important area of robotics research is to enable the robot to cope with its environment whether this be on land, underwater, in the air, underground, or in space. This book presents the latest research from around the globe.
Book Synopsis Issues in Robotics and Automation: 2011 Edition by :
Download or read book Issues in Robotics and Automation: 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 1332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Robotics and Automation / 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Robotics and Automation. The editors have built Issues in Robotics and Automation: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Robotics and Automation in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Robotics and Automation: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Book Synopsis Creating Autonomous Vehicle Systems by : Shaoshan Liu
Download or read book Creating Autonomous Vehicle Systems written by Shaoshan Liu and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2017-10-25 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first technical overview of autonomous vehicles written for a general computing and engineering audience. The authors share their practical experiences of creating autonomous vehicle systems. These systems are complex, consisting of three major subsystems: (1) algorithms for localization, perception, and planning and control; (2) client systems, such as the robotics operating system and hardware platform; and (3) the cloud platform, which includes data storage, simulation, high-definition (HD) mapping, and deep learning model training. The algorithm subsystem extracts meaningful information from sensor raw data to understand its environment and make decisions about its actions. The client subsystem integrates these algorithms to meet real-time and reliability requirements. The cloud platform provides offline computing and storage capabilities for autonomous vehicles. Using the cloud platform, we are able to test new algorithms and update the HD map—plus, train better recognition, tracking, and decision models. This book consists of nine chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of autonomous vehicle systems; Chapter 2 focuses on localization technologies; Chapter 3 discusses traditional techniques used for perception; Chapter 4 discusses deep learning based techniques for perception; Chapter 5 introduces the planning and control sub-system, especially prediction and routing technologies; Chapter 6 focuses on motion planning and feedback control of the planning and control subsystem; Chapter 7 introduces reinforcement learning-based planning and control; Chapter 8 delves into the details of client systems design; and Chapter 9 provides the details of cloud platforms for autonomous driving. This book should be useful to students, researchers, and practitioners alike. Whether you are an undergraduate or a graduate student interested in autonomous driving, you will find herein a comprehensive overview of the whole autonomous vehicle technology stack. If you are an autonomous driving practitioner, the many practical techniques introduced in this book will be of interest to you. Researchers will also find plenty of references for an effective, deeper exploration of the various technologies.
