Perceived Peer Smoking Status and Actual Smoking Among US College Students

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 45 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Perceived Peer Smoking Status and Actual Smoking Among US College Students by : Michael D. Sawdey

Download or read book Perceived Peer Smoking Status and Actual Smoking Among US College Students written by Michael D. Sawdey and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objective: To determine the association between perceived smoking among peers and smoking status among US College attending youth. Methods: we analyzed data from the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment II survey administered to college students throughout the United States. We performed bivariate and multivariate analyses to determine if higher smoking prevalence was associated with higher levels of perceived smoking among subjects' peers. We controlled for gender, age, risk behaviors such as types of substance abuse, and various other demographic factors. Results: Students who reported higher perceived smoking status among their peers are 2.11 times more likely (CI 1.92- 2.21) to be smokers. In addition, behaviors such as being an alcohol user, illicit drug user, marijuana user, hookah user, or user of other tobacco products were associated with smoking among subjects. Males had a higher rate of self-reported smoking than females (13.78% to 9.89%), as did Whites and American Natives (12.21% & 13.26%), those aged 22-24 (14.37% compared to 10.57% for ages 18-21), and being diagnosed with depression in the last year (18.86% compared to no diagnosis 9.69%). Discussion: Smoking prevalence among college students may be associated with perception of peer behavior. Adolescents in general often overestimate the smoking prevalence of their peers, and this could be affecting the social norm among the non-smoking population entering college. Various national surveys of college-age populations show that smoking prevalence is no longer in a steady decline. This is of concern due to the college experience being an important period for the establishment of lifelong health behaviors. Many studies focus on high school years, but college students experience multiple life changing events that take place in a short period of time that could make them susceptible to smoking initiation. National smoking rates among adults continue to decline overall, but the college-aged population does not seem to be following suit. Additional interventions to alter perceptions of peer smoking should be explored as part of college health programs. One of these is to establish smoke-free college campuses. This could potentially reduce peer perceptions of smoking and also eliminate the environmental contamination of campuses with discarded butts.

Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults by :

Download or read book Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This booklet for schools, medical personnel, and parents contains highlights from the 2012 Surgeon General's report on tobacco use among youth and teens (ages 12 through 17) and young adults (ages 18 through 25). The report details the causes and the consequences of tobacco use among youth and young adults by focusing on the social, environmental, advertising, and marketing influences that encourage youth and young adults to initiate and sustain tobacco use. This is the first time tobacco data on young adults as a discrete population have been explored in detail. The report also highlights successful strategies to prevent young people from using tobacco.

Examining Social Norm Beliefs about Traditional Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes Among U.S. Sexual Minority College Students

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Examining Social Norm Beliefs about Traditional Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes Among U.S. Sexual Minority College Students by : Darrien Adam James Skinner

Download or read book Examining Social Norm Beliefs about Traditional Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes Among U.S. Sexual Minority College Students written by Darrien Adam James Skinner and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objective: Sexual Minority (SM) young adults, 18 – 24 year olds who identify their sexuality as anything other than heterosexual, are one minority that is well documented to have higher tobacco use rates than heterosexual young adults. However, very little research examines the social norm beliefs associated with smoking cigarettes or vaping electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; commonly referred to as e-cigarettes, JUULs, vape pens, etc.), held by the SM college age population compared to heterosexual peers. The purpose of the present study was to determine if 1) SM young adults have more favorable social norms about cigarette and ENDS use than heterosexual peers and 2) if social norms account for, or potentially mediate, the disparity in cigarette and ENDS use in SM young adults. More accepting injunctive and descriptive social norms were each hypothesized to explain, or mediate, the association between SM identity and subsequent cigarette or ENDS use. Methods: In spring 2018, online surveys were administered via email to college students at seventeen public universities in Texas; 10,213 18-24 year old young adults (M age = 20.4; 64.6% female sex assigned at birth; 48.3% Hispanic, 27.5% non-Hispanic White, 7.2% non- Hispanic Black, 12.7% non-Hispanic Asian, and 4.2% other race/ethnicity) met criteria to be included in this study. Surveys assessed current/past-30 day tobacco use behavior (cigarettes and ENDS), SM identity, injunctive normative perceptions of tobacco use (perceived acceptability of behavior), and descriptive normative perceptions of tobacco use (perceived peer behavior). Path analysis was used to determine if the potential association between SM status and current cigarette or ENDS use is mediated by social norm perceptions (injunctive norms and descriptive norms) about cigarette or ENDS use. Separate models were examined for current cigarette use and for current ENDS use. Results: SM young adults reported higher prevalence of cigarette and ENDS use, and more accepting injunctive norm beliefs about cigarette or ENDS use than their heterosexual peers. There were no differences between the two groups on descriptive norm beliefs. Results from path analyses indicated that only injunctive norm beliefs about cigarette or ENDS use significantly mediated the associations between SM identity and current cigarette or ENDS use, respectively, while controlling for age, sex, race and other tobacco product use. Descriptive norm beliefs were significantly associated with current cigarette or ENDS use, but SM status was not associated with descriptive norm beliefs. Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest that it is important to address tobacco use among the SM young adult population. Tobacco prevention and control initiatives should focus efforts on changing injunctive norm beliefs, or perceived peer acceptability of cigarettes or ENDS, about tobacco use in the community of SM young adults instead of allocating more resources to address descriptive norm beliefs, or prevalence of peer use of cigarettes or ENDS

Examining Hookah Use Among U.S. College Students

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis Examining Hookah Use Among U.S. College Students by : Yen Tzu Chen

Download or read book Examining Hookah Use Among U.S. College Students written by Yen Tzu Chen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hookah smoking has become a popular form of tobacco use among college students. However, there is limited research exploring the risk factors associated with hookah use among this population. This study examined two risk factors, harm perceptions and beliefs about government evaluation of hookah, associated with current use of hookah among 18-24 year old college students, and looked at differences between current hookah users and non-users on cigarette smoking status, various demographic characteristics, and the two risk factors (harm perceptions and beliefs). Participants were 5,028 university students aged 18-24 (M age = 20.5 years; 59.6% female) from seven public universities within a larger university system. Students completed an online survey, which assessed their knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors related to hookah use. In this sample, 10.8% of participants reported current or past 30-day hookah use. There were differences between current hookah users and non-users on cigarette smoking status, gender, race/ethnicity, harm perceptions, as well as beliefs about government evaluation of hookah. Cigarette smokers, males, non-Hispanic White students, students reporting lower harm perceptions regarding hookah use, and those who believed the government evaluates hookah for safety were significantly more likely than their peers to be current hookah users. Results from a logistic regression analysis indicated that after controlling for cigarette smoking status, gender, and race/ethnicity, harm perceptions of hookah use, but not beliefs about government safety evaluation of hookah, was associated with an increased likelihood of current hookah use. Cigarette smoking was the strongest correlate of current hookah use; current cigarette smokers were seven times more likely than non-smokers to have used hookah in the past 30 days. Findings point to the necessity of educating college students, particularly cigarette smokers, about the dangers of hookah use. Additionally, tobacco prevention and cessation programs should be implemented in order to reduce initiation and continued use, and it is important to educate college student smokers about the dangers of dual use of this product with cigarettes.

Ending the Tobacco Problem

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309103827
Total Pages : 643 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Ending the Tobacco Problem by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Ending the Tobacco Problem written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-10-27 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nation has made tremendous progress in reducing tobacco use during the past 40 years. Despite extensive knowledge about successful interventions, however, approximately one-quarter of American adults still smoke. Tobacco-related illnesses and death place a huge burden on our society. Ending the Tobacco Problem generates a blueprint for the nation in the struggle to reduce tobacco use. The report reviews effective prevention and treatment interventions and considers a set of new tobacco control policies for adoption by federal and state governments. Carefully constructed with two distinct parts, the book first provides background information on the history and nature of tobacco use, developing the context for the policy blueprint proposed in the second half of the report. The report documents the extraordinary growth of tobacco use during the first half of the 20th century as well as its subsequent reversal in the mid-1960s (in the wake of findings from the Surgeon General). It also reviews the addictive properties of nicotine, delving into the factors that make it so difficult for people to quit and examines recent trends in tobacco use. In addition, an overview of the development of governmental and nongovernmental tobacco control efforts is provided. After reviewing the ethical grounding of tobacco control, the second half of the book sets forth to present a blueprint for ending the tobacco problem. The book offers broad-reaching recommendations targeting federal, state, local, nonprofit and for-profit entities. This book also identifies the benefits to society when fully implementing effective tobacco control interventions and policies.

Reducing Underage Drinking

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309089352
Total Pages : 761 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Reducing Underage Drinking by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Reducing Underage Drinking written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-03-26 with total page 761 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol use by young people is extremely dangerous - both to themselves and society at large. Underage alcohol use is associated with traffic fatalities, violence, unsafe sex, suicide, educational failure, and other problem behaviors that diminish the prospects of future success, as well as health risks â€" and the earlier teens start drinking, the greater the danger. Despite these serious concerns, the media continues to make drinking look attractive to youth, and it remains possible and even easy for teenagers to get access to alcohol. Why is this dangerous behavior so pervasive? What can be done to prevent it? What will work and who is responsible for making sure it happens? Reducing Underage Drinking addresses these questions and proposes a new way to combat underage alcohol use. It explores the ways in which may different individuals and groups contribute to the problem and how they can be enlisted to prevent it. Reducing Underage Drinking will serve as both a game plan and a call to arms for anyone with an investment in youth health and safety.

Characteristics of College Social Smokers

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (574 download)

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Book Synopsis Characteristics of College Social Smokers by : Kimberly J. Waters

Download or read book Characteristics of College Social Smokers written by Kimberly J. Waters and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social smoking is a phenomenon in the young adult population, one that is poorly understood. This study was a secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional survey of a random sample of college smokers. The study investigated differences in undergraduate college smoking groups (social smoking versus non-social smoking) with regard to motivation to quit, rate of smoking, and perceived smoking status. This study also investigated the utility of seven predictors in classifying smoking groups. These predictors included depression, social support, self-esteem, neuroticism anxiety, impulsive sensation seeking, physical and psychological dependence. Results revealed that 71% of 353 current (past 30-day) smokers reported social smoking. The study provided the following results to the research questions: (a) no significant difference was found in motivation to quit between smoking groups (social smoking versus non-social smoking; (b) a significant difference was found in the number of days smoked, and the number of cigarettes smoked on those days between smoking groups; (c) there was a significant difference in perceived smoking status (smoker versus not a smoker) between smoking groups, more social smokers than expected did not perceive themselves as smokers; (d) logistic regression analysis revealed that physical dependence, psychological dependence, and social support were significant predictors in correctly classifying individuals into smoking groups (74.3%). The study used cognitive dissonance theory to explain the results. This exploratory study took a step toward developing a further understanding of social smoking in college. This may help college health officials develop targeted interventions for this group.

E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: a Report of the Surgeon General

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781082814914
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (149 download)

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Book Synopsis E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: a Report of the Surgeon General by : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Download or read book E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: a Report of the Surgeon General written by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and published by . This book was released on 2019-07-26 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco use among youth and young adults in any form, including e-cigarettes, is not safe. In recent years, e-cigarette use by youth and young adults has increased at an alarming rate. E-cigarettes are now the most commonly used tobacco product among youth in the United States. This timely report highlights the rapidly changing patterns of e-cigarette use among youth and young adults, assesses what we know about the health effects of using these products, and describes strategies that tobacco companies use to recruit our nation's youth and young adults to try and continue using e-cigarettes. The report also outlines interventions that can be adopted to minimize the harm these products cause to our nation's youth.E-cigarettes are tobacco products that deliver nicotine. Nicotine is a highly addictive substance, and many of today's youth who are using e-cigarettes could become tomorrow's cigarette smokers. Nicotine exposure can also harm brain development in ways that may affect the health and mental health of our kids.E-cigarette use among youth and young adults is associated with the use of other tobacco products, including conventional cigarettes. Because most tobacco use is established during adolescence, actions to prevent our nation's young people from the potential of a lifetime of nicotine addiction are critical.E-cigarette companies appear to be using many of the advertising tactics the tobacco industry used to persuade a new generation of young people to use their products. Companies are promoting their products through television and radio advertisements that use celebrities, sexual content, and claims of independence to glamorize these addictive products and make them appealing to young people.

Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update: Clinical Practice Guideline

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Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437906621
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update: Clinical Practice Guideline by :

Download or read book Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update: Clinical Practice Guideline written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Women and Smoking

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Publisher : Office of the Surgeon General
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 696 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Women and Smoking by : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General

Download or read book Women and Smoking written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by Office of the Surgeon General. This book was released on 2001 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second report from the U.S. Surgeon General devoted to women and smoking. Includes executive summary, chapter conclusions, full text chapters, and references.

Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People by :

Download or read book Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Social Factors of Cigarette Smoking Initiation Among Undergraduate College Students

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (532 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Factors of Cigarette Smoking Initiation Among Undergraduate College Students by : Jane F. Emmeree

Download or read book Social Factors of Cigarette Smoking Initiation Among Undergraduate College Students written by Jane F. Emmeree and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: This study examined whether three social factors affected cigarette smoking initiation during the freshman and sophomore years of college: (1) perceived prevalence of peers' smoking behavior, (2) smoking-related behavior of friends and roommates, and (3) sociability. Moreover, this study determined the percentage of students who initiated smoking during college, identified at-risk populations, and pinpointed when college students are most vulnerable to begin smoking. A total of 1,772 undergraduate students in intact classrooms from five universities completed a researcher-constructed self-report survey. Questionnaires from 1,250 full-time, traditional-aged freshmen, sophomores, and juniors were analyzed. A total of 26.8% of the sample had smoked cigarettes during the 30 days before the survey, and 9.3% of the sample had smoked for the first time on two or more days during any one month during college. Nearly 57% of these "smoking initiators" had started smoking during their first six months of college; 70.7%, by the end of their freshman year; and, 90%, by the end of their sophomore year.

An Examination of Smoking-Related Behaviours and Self-Perceptions, and the Role of School Connectedness in Predicting Cigarette Use Among Students at an Ontario University [electronic Resource]

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Author :
Publisher : University of Waterloo
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis An Examination of Smoking-Related Behaviours and Self-Perceptions, and the Role of School Connectedness in Predicting Cigarette Use Among Students at an Ontario University [electronic Resource] by : Jillian Beth Giesler

Download or read book An Examination of Smoking-Related Behaviours and Self-Perceptions, and the Role of School Connectedness in Predicting Cigarette Use Among Students at an Ontario University [electronic Resource] written by Jillian Beth Giesler and published by University of Waterloo. This book was released on 2005 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background. Post-secondary institutions account for more smokers than any other occupational setting in Canada (Hammond, 2005). Unfortunately, little is known about tobacco use among this distinct population of students. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of smoking and patterns of cigarette use among undergraduates at the University of Waterloo. The current study also sought to investigate the role of school connectedness in predicting students' smoking behaviours, and to explore the relation of student smoking status as determined by a behavioural measure and self-reported smoking status. Methods. A secondary analysis of data collected using the University of Waterloo Tobacco Use Survey (2004) was employed for this research. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, means, and percentages), non-parametric statistics (chi-square and Cohen's kappa), principle components factor analysis and logistic regression in order to serve the exploratory purposes of the study. Results. Overall, 17.55% of the respondents reported current cigarette use (3.37% daily; 14.18% non-daily). Although most (85.5%) students' self-perceptions remained as 'nonsmokers who never smoke' from university entrance to the study date, a greater proportion of students made a negative change in their self-perceived smoking status over this time period than a positive change (10.13% vs. 4.38%, respectively). Among students who perceived themselves as 'nonsmokers who never smoke' or 'ex-smokers' at university entrance, being more academically engaged predicted making a negative change in ones' self-perceived smoking status (OR= 1.924, CI95= 1.064-3.480). Finally, the proportion of non-daily smokers differed between the two measures of smoking status. Many students classified as 'occasional smokers' using the behavioural measure actually perceived themselves as 'nonsmokers who smoke sometimes'. Discussion. The results of this study provide valuable new insights into smoking among Canadian university students. Students who are more academically engaged may be at risk of initiating smoking, perhaps as a means of stress reduction. Furthermore, the adult measure of occasional smoking typically used in tobacco research may be insufficient to inform tobacco control efforts for this population as it results in different proportions of non-daily smokers when compared against students' self-perceived smoking status. The findings of this exploratory research await replication with larger samples and different measures. Implications of the results for practice and further research are discussed. Conclusions. This strategy of assessing connectedness to school shows promise in predicting post-secondary students' cigarette smoking behaviours. The results also provide support for continued investigation into the best ways to measure and assess current cigarette use in this unique population.

Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309316278
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco use by adolescents and young adults poses serious concerns. Nearly all adults who have ever smoked daily first tried a cigarette before 26 years of age. Current cigarette use among adults is highest among persons aged 21 to 25 years. The parts of the brain most responsible for cognitive and psychosocial maturity continue to develop and change through young adulthood, and adolescent brains are uniquely vulnerable to the effects of nicotine. At the request of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products considers the likely public health impact of raising the minimum age for purchasing tobacco products. The report reviews the existing literature on tobacco use patterns, developmental biology and psychology, health effects of tobacco use, and the current landscape regarding youth access laws, including minimum age laws and their enforcement. Based on this literature, the report makes conclusions about the likely effect of raising the minimum age to 19, 21, and 25 years on tobacco use initiation. The report also quantifies the accompanying public health outcomes based on findings from two tobacco use simulation models. According to the report, raising the minimum age of legal access to tobacco products, particularly to ages 21 and 25, will lead to substantial reductions in tobacco use, improve the health of Americans across the lifespan, and save lives. Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products will be a valuable reference for federal policy makers and state and local health departments and legislators.

Gender, Women, and the Tobacco Epidemic

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender, Women, and the Tobacco Epidemic by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Gender, Women, and the Tobacco Epidemic written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication contributes to the scientific understanding of gender, women, and tobacco in the context of efforts to control the global tobacco epidemic. Topics covered include determinants of starting to use tobacco; exposure to second-hand smoke; the impact that tobacco use has on health; addiction and cessation; treatment programs; and gender and human rights policy. The publication also addresses national economic policy with regard to tobacco control, international treaties, and strategies for tobacco-free mobilization at the regional and international levels. Special attention is paid to an analysis of policies that affect girls and women throughout the life course. Men's responsibility to protect women against second-hand smoke is also highlighted.--Publisher's description.

Vulnerability to Drug Abuse

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Publisher : Amer Psychological Assn
ISBN 13 : 9781557984128
Total Pages : 533 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (841 download)

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Book Synopsis Vulnerability to Drug Abuse by : Meyer Glantz

Download or read book Vulnerability to Drug Abuse written by Meyer Glantz and published by Amer Psychological Assn. This book was released on 1992 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text offers insights into the complex and disturbing questions of drug abuse by examining the range of factors that affect vulnerability, focusing specifically on factors and patterns associated with the transition from drug use to drug abuse.

Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS)

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Publisher : Guilford Press
ISBN 13 : 9781572303928
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS) by : Linda A. Dimeff

Download or read book Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS) written by Linda A. Dimeff and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 1999-01-08 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This instructive manual presents a pragmatic and clinically proven approach to the prevention and treatment of undergraduate alcohol abuse. The BASICS model is a nonconfrontational, harm reduction approach that helps students reduce their alcohol consumption and decrease the behavioral and health risks associated with heavy drinking. Including numerous reproducible handouts and assessment forms, the book takes readers step-by-step through conducting BASICS assessment and feedback sessions. Special topics covered include the use of DSM-IV criteria to evaluate alcohol abuse, ways to counter student defensiveness about drinking, and obtaining additional treatment for students with severe alcohol dependency. Note about Photocopy Rights: The Publisher grants individual book purchasers nonassignable permission to reproduce selected figures, information sheets, and assessment instruments in this book for professional use. For details and limitations, see copyright page.