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Pedestrian And Cyclist Impact
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Book Synopsis Pedestrian and Cyclist Impact by : Ciaran Simms
Download or read book Pedestrian and Cyclist Impact written by Ciaran Simms and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-21 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to present pedestrian injuries from a biomechanical perspective. We aim to give a detailed treatment of the physics of pedestrian impact, as well as a review of the accident databases and the relevant injury criteria used to assess pedestrian injuries. A further focus will be the effects on injury outcome of (1) pedestrian/vehicle position and velocity at impact and (2) the influence of vehicle design on injury outcome. Most of the content of this book has been published by these and other authors in various journals, but this book will provide a comprehensive treatment of the biomechanics of pedestrian impacts for the first time. It will therefore be of value to new and established researchers alike.
Book Synopsis Research in Impact Protection for Pedestrians and Cyclists. Final Report by : Paul M. Culkowski
Download or read book Research in Impact Protection for Pedestrians and Cyclists. Final Report written by Paul M. Culkowski and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of Cyclist and Pedestian Impacts with Motor Vehicles Using Experimentation and Simulation by : J. W. Watson
Download or read book Investigation of Cyclist and Pedestian Impacts with Motor Vehicles Using Experimentation and Simulation written by J. W. Watson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical tests were performed with a bicycle and a dummy in a controlled laboratoryenvironment to reproduce cyclist accidents. The kinematics of 13 sled tests were used toidentify the cyclist head impact location, understand the interaction between the cyclistand bicycle and to validate a mathematical model. The finite element software code LS-DYNA was used to simulate 70 cyclist andpedestrian accidents with motor vehicles with four different vehicle shapes whichsupplemented the physical testing. The study has shown that when cyclists andpedestrians were struck by any of the vehicles their whole body kinematics can bedistinguished into two phases, initially a rotation followed by a sliding action. The SportsUtility Vehicle (SUV) vehicle produced more of a rotation action rather than sliding, whereas the other vehicles produced a combination of the two. The current pedestrian legislation does not cover all head impact locations for cyclistsand therefore needs to be extended to encompass the windscreen and A-Pillar regions ofthe vehicles. The wrap around distance (WAD) for all the vehicles, apart from the SUV, should be extended to encompass a larger region. For the SUV the current WAD region isadequate in protecting cyclists and pedestrians and does not need to change. Thepredicted head impactor angle for cyclists is 40 degrees which is lower than the currentlegislative value of 65 degrees and the predicted pedestrian head impact angle is higher ata value of 80 degrees for the MPV, SM and LFC. For the SUV the proposed impactorangle increased to 100 degrees for cyclists and pedestrians. This research has demonstrated significant differences in terms of input variables andoutcomes between cyclist and pedestrian accidents involving vehicles. It has usedmathematical models to obtain injury data from a human mathematical model andphysical testing to replicate real world cyclist accident scenarios. Recommendations havebeen proposed for future legislative testing techniques for cyclists, based on existingpedestrian legislation. These recommendations to alter legislation will improve vehicledesign and make future vehicles more cyclist-friendly.
Book Synopsis Understanding Contributing Factors for Pedestrian and Cyclist Crashes and Fatalities in the City of Wichita by : Amanda I. Aguila Gonzalez
Download or read book Understanding Contributing Factors for Pedestrian and Cyclist Crashes and Fatalities in the City of Wichita written by Amanda I. Aguila Gonzalez and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As more people walk and bike in their communities, there is a corresponding increase in the number of crashes with motor vehicles. In 2018, approximately 5,977 pedestrians and 783 cyclists’ deaths were reported in the U.S. Safety interventions to decrease motor vehicle crashes have included: roadway design; safety programs; and laws. However, there is still much that is unknown about the factors that impact motor vehicle crashes with pedestrians and cyclists. This study, centered on the socioecological framework, aimed to describe the pedestrian and cyclist motor vehicle crashes occurring in Wichita, Kansas from 2008 through 2019. Specifically, to identify factors associated with fatalities/serious injuries of pedestrians and cyclists. From 2008 through 2019, 2,015 motor vehicle crashes involving a pedestrian (48.6%, n=979) or cyclist (51.4%, n=1,036) were reported. On average, 168 (SD = 25.300) motor vehicle crashes with pedestrian and cyclist were reported each year. Broadway street or intersections (31.7%, n=171) had the most pedestrian (n=86) and cyclist (n=85) crashes over the 12-year time period. Of the total motor vehicle crashes that included injury information (n=1,957), 26.3% (n=256) resulted in a severe or fatal injury for a pedestrian (n=177) or cyclist (n=79). There were significant associations between pedestrian serious/fatal injuries and: pedestrian age, driver age, time of day, road characteristics, vehicle maneuver, vehicle damage, pedestrian location before impact, pedestrian substance abuse, and driver substance abuse. Additionally, there were significant associations between cyclist serious or fatal injuries and: cyclist sex, driver sex, time of day, surface condition, zone, vehicle maneuver, vehicle damage, and cyclist location before impact. Study findings suggest that the frequency of pedestrian and cyclist crashes in the city of Wichita either remained consistent or increased over the course of 12 years, underscoring a need for action to increase safety and implement plans and policy efforts to decrease crash prevalence.
Book Synopsis Pedestrian and Cyclist Safety by : Dora Holland
Download or read book Pedestrian and Cyclist Safety written by Dora Holland and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Walking and biking are becoming increasingly popular modes of transportation: nearly a million more people reported walking or biking to work in 2013 than in 2005. While total traffic fatalities declined from 2004 through 2013 (the most recent year for which data are available), this was not matched by a similar decline in pedestrian and cyclist fatalities. This book examines trends in pedestrian and cyclist fatalities and injuries from 2004 through 2013 and characteristics of these fatalities and injuries; safety initiatives selected states and cities have implemented and their views on challenges in addressing this issue; and actions taken by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) to help improve safety. Furthermore, this book identifies noteworthy and innovative international designs, treatments, and other practices that have potential to improve bicycle and pedestrian safety and access and increase walking and bicycling in the United States.
Download or read book Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 1100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pedestrian Accidents by : Antony J. Chapman
Download or read book Pedestrian Accidents written by Antony J. Chapman and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles. Tenth. [Proceedings.]. by :
Download or read book International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles. Tenth. [Proceedings.]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 1256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Road Diets on Pedestrian and Cyclist Injuries in Los Angeles by : Donna L. Gurule
Download or read book Effects of Road Diets on Pedestrian and Cyclist Injuries in Los Angeles written by Donna L. Gurule and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Improving Road Safety for Pedestrians and Cyclists in Great Britain by : Great Britain. National Audit Office
Download or read book Improving Road Safety for Pedestrians and Cyclists in Great Britain written by Great Britain. National Audit Office and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2009 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A report that highlights the fall in the number of deaths among both pedestrians and cyclists since the mid-1990s.
Book Synopsis Mathematical Methods for Accident Reconstruction by : Harold Franck
Download or read book Mathematical Methods for Accident Reconstruction written by Harold Franck and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-15 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 25 years, Harold and Darren Franck have investigated hundreds of accidents involving vehicles of almost every shape, size, and type imaginable. In Mathematical Methods for Accident Reconstruction: A Forensic Engineering Perspective, these seasoned experts demonstrate the application of mathematics to modeling accident reconstructions
Book Synopsis National Strategies for Advancing Bicycle Safety by :
Download or read book National Strategies for Advancing Bicycle Safety written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Safety in Numbers by : Kristin Carlson
Download or read book Safety in Numbers written by Kristin Carlson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This investigation aims to evaluate whether the Safety in Numbers phenomenon is observable in the midwestern U.S. city of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Safety in Numbers (SIN) refers to the phenomenon that pedestrian safety is positively correlated with increased pedestrian traffic in a given area. Walking and bicycling are increasingly becoming important transportation modes in modern cities. Proper placement of non-motorized facilities and improvements has implications for safety, accessibility, and mode choice, but proper information regarding estimated non-motorized traffic levels is needed to locate areas where investments can have the greatest impact. Assessment of collision risk between automobiles and non-motorized travelers offers a tool that can help inform investments to improve non-motorized traveler safety. Models of non-motorized crash risk typically require detailed historical multimodal crash and traffic volume data, but many cities do not have dense datasets of non-motorized transport flow levels. Methods of estimating pedestrian and bicycle behavior that do not rely heavily on high-resolution count data are applied in this study. Pedestrian and cyclist traffic counts, average automobile traffic, and crash data from the city of Minneapolis are used to build models of crash frequencies at the intersection level as a function of modal traffic inputs. These models determine whether the SIN effect is observable within the available datasets for pedestrians, cyclists, and cars, as well as determine specific locations within Minneapolis where non-motorized travelers experience elevated levels of risk of crashes with automobiles.
Book Synopsis Pedestrian Collisions by : Christopher Armstrong
Download or read book Pedestrian Collisions written by Christopher Armstrong and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collision Reconstruction Methodologies - Volume 10B - The last ten years have seen explosive growth in the technology available to the collision analyst, changing the way reconstruction is practiced in fundamental ways. The greatest technological advances for the crash reconstruction community have come in the realms of photogrammetry and digital media analysis. The widespread use of scanning technology has facilitated the implementation of powerful new tools to digitize forensic data, create 3D models and visualize and analyze crash vehicles and environments. The introduction of unmanned aerial systems and standardization of crash data recorders to the crash reconstruction community have enhanced the ability of a crash analyst to visualize and model the components of a crash reconstruction. Because of the technological changes occurring in the industry, many SAE papers have been written to address the validation and use of new tools for collision reconstruction. Collision Reconstruction Methodologies Volumes 1-12 bring together seminal SAE technical papers surrounding advancements in the crash reconstruction field. Topics featured in the series include: • Night Vision Study and Photogrammetry • Vehicle Event Data Recorders • Motorcycle, Heavy Vehicle, Bicycle and Pedestrian Accident Reconstruction The goal is to provide the latest technologies and methodologies being introduced into collision reconstruction - appealing to crash analysts, consultants and safety engineers alike.
Book Synopsis Human Biomechanics and Injury Prevention by : J. Kajzer
Download or read book Human Biomechanics and Injury Prevention written by J. Kajzer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human biomechanics is an important research field in achieving safety, health, comfort, and a high quality of life in a world where the older generation soon will outnumber the younger generation. Recently there have been significant developments in this new field ofresearch, addressing such issues as injury prevention in various types of accidents, the causes of human bodily dysfunction, function recovery through medical care and training, and func tional reinforcement by sports. These issues are studied on the basis of the biomechanics of the cells, tissues, organs, and systems of the human body. To achieve the aim of providing support for better lives from the aspect of mechanical engineering, the Human Life Support Biomechanics Endowed Chair at the Graduate School of Engineering at Nagoya University was established more than 3 years ago with a donation from the Toyota Motor Corporation. Since that time, we have been conducting intensive research in the field as well as trying to publicize our work in Japan. The results of our research have been presented at conferences both at home and abroad. We have also en deavored to underscore the importance of the field by organizing symposiums with carefully designed programs.
Book Synopsis Biomechanics by : Christopher D Armstrong
Download or read book Biomechanics written by Christopher D Armstrong and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last ten years have seen explosive growth in the technology available to the collision analyst, changing the way reconstruction is practiced in fundamental ways. The greatest technological advances for the crash reconstruction community have come in the realms of photogrammetry and digital media analysis. The widespread use of scanning technology has facilitated the implementation of powerful new tools to digitize forensic data, create 3D models and visualize and analyze crash vehicles and environments. The introduction of unmanned aerial systems and standardization of crash data recorders to the crash reconstruction community have enhanced the ability of a crash analyst to visualize and model the components of a crash reconstruction. Because of the technological changes occurring in the industry, many SAE papers have been written to address the validation and use of new tools for collision reconstruction. Collision Reconstruction Methodologies Volumes 1-12 bring together seminal SAE technical papers surrounding advancements in the crash reconstruction field. Topics featured in the series include: • Night Vision Study and Photogrammetry • Vehicle Event Data Recorders • Motorcycle, Heavy Vehicle, Bicycle and Pedestrian Accident Reconstruction The goal is to provide the latest technologies and methodologies being introduced into collision reconstruction - appealing to crash analysts, consultants and safety engineers alike.
Book Synopsis Head Injury Simulation in Road Traffic Accidents by : Fábio A. O. Fernandes
Download or read book Head Injury Simulation in Road Traffic Accidents written by Fábio A. O. Fernandes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work the development of a new geometrically detailed finite element head model is presented. Special attention is given to sulci and gyri modelling, making this model more geometrically accurate than others currently available. The model was validated against experimental data from impact tests on cadavers, specifically intracranial pressure and brain motion. Its potential is shown in an accident reconstruction case with injury evaluation by effectively combining multibody kinematics and finite element methodology.
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