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Peasant Icons
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Book Synopsis Peasant Icons by : Cathy A. Frierson
Download or read book Peasant Icons written by Cathy A. Frierson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1993 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the thirty years after Russian peasants were emancipated in 1861, they became a major focus of Russian intellectual life. This text is the first to examine the revealing images of the peasant created by Russian writers, scholars, journalists, and government officials during that period, as the identity and fate of the Russian peasant became an integral component in the future of Russia envisioned by liberal reformers and conservatives alike. Frierson examines the persisting stereotypes created by Tolstoy, Dostoevsky and other intellectuals seeking to understand village life, from the likable narod, the simple folk, to the exploitative kulak, the village strongman.
Book Synopsis Peasant Intellectuals by : Steven M. Feierman
Download or read book Peasant Intellectuals written by Steven M. Feierman and published by Univ of Wisconsin Press. This book was released on 1990-11-14 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholars who study peasant society now realize that peasants are not passive, but quite capable of acting in their own interests. But, do coherent political ideas emerge within peasant society or do peasants act in a world where elites define political issues? Peasant Intellectuals is based on ethnographic research begun in 1966 and includes interviews with hundreds of people from all levels of Tanzanian society. Steven Feierman provides the history of the struggles to define the most basic issues of public political discourse in the Shambaa-speaking region of Tanzania. Feierman also shows that peasant society contains a rich body of alternative sources of political language from which future debates will be shaped.
Book Synopsis Images of the Medieval Peasant by : Paul H. Freedman
Download or read book Images of the Medieval Peasant written by Paul H. Freedman and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The medieval clergy, aristocracy, and commercial classes tended to regard peasants as objects of contempt and derision. In religious writings, satires, sermons, chronicles, and artistic representations peasants often appeared as dirty, foolish, dishonest, even as subhuman or bestial. Their lowliness was commonly regarded as a natural corollary of the drudgery of their agricultural toil. Yet, at the same time, the peasantry was not viewed as “other” in the manner of other condemned groups, such as Jews, lepers, Muslims, or the imagined “monstrous races” of the East. Several crucial characteristics of the peasantry rendered it less clearly alien from the elite perspective: peasants were not a minority, their work in the fields nourished all other social orders, and, most important, they were Christians. In other respects, peasants could be regarded as meritorious by virtue of their simple life, productive work, and unjust suffering at the hands of their exploitive social superiors. Their unrewarded sacrifice and piety were also sometimes thought to place them closest to God and more likely to win salvation. This book examines these conflicting images of peasants from the post-Carolingian period to the German Peasants’ War. It relates the representation of peasants to debates about how society should be organized (specifically, to how human equality at Creation led to subordination), how slavery and serfdom could be assailed or defended, and how peasants themselves structured and justified their demands. Though it was argued that peasants were legitimately subjugated by reason of nature or some primordial curse (such as that of Noah against his son Ham), there was also considerable unease about how the exploitation of those who were not completely alien—who were, after all, Christians—could be explained. Laments over peasant suffering as expressed in the literature might have a stylized quality, but this book shows how they were appropriated and shaped by peasants themselves, especially in the large-scale rebellions that characterized the late Middle Ages.
Book Synopsis The Nation in the Village by : Keely Stauter-Halsted
Download or read book The Nation in the Village written by Keely Stauter-Halsted and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-25 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do peasants come to think of themselves as members of a nation? The widely accepted argument is that national sentiment originates among intellectuals or urban middle classes, then "trickles down" to the working class and peasants. Keely Stauter-Halsted argues that such models overlook the independent contribution of peasant societies. She explores the complex case of the Polish peasants of Austrian Galicia, from the 1848 emancipation of the serfs to the eve of the First World War. In the years immediately after emancipation, Polish-speaking peasants were more apt to identify with the Austrian Emperor and the Catholic Church than with their Polish lords or the middle classes of the Galician capital, Cracow. Yet by the end of the century, Polish-speaking peasants would cheer, "Long live Poland" and celebrate the centennial of the peasant-fueled insurrection in defense of Polish independence. The explanation for this shift, Stauter-Halsted says, is the symbiosis that developed between peasant elites and upper-class reformers. She reconstructs this difficult, halting process, paying particular attention to public life and conflicts within the rural communities themselves. The author's approach is at once comparative and interdisciplinary, drawing from literature on national identity formation in Latin America, China, and Western Europe. The Nation in the Village combines anthropology, sociology, and literary criticism with economic, social, cultural, and political history.
Book Synopsis Russian Peasants Go to Court by : Jane Burbank
Download or read book Russian Peasants Go to Court written by Jane Burbank and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2004-09-16 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "... will challenge (and should transform) existing interpretations of late Imperial Russian governance, peasant studies, and Russian legal history." -- Cathy A. Frierson "... a major contribution to our understanding both of the dynamic of change within the peasantry and of legal development in late Imperial Russia." -- William G. Wagner Russian Peasants Go to Court brings into focus the legal practice of Russian peasants in the township courts of the Russian empire from 1905 through 1917. Contrary to prevailing conceptions of peasants as backward, drunken, and ignorant, and as mistrustful of the state, Jane Burbank's study of court records reveals engaged rural citizens who valued order in their communities and made use of state courts to seek justice and to enforce and protect order. Through narrative studies of individual cases and statistical analysis of a large body of court records, Burbank demonstrates that Russian peasants made effective use of legal opportunities to settle disputes over economic resources, to assert personal dignity, and to address the bane of small crimes in their communities. The text is enhanced by contemporary photographs and lively accounts of individual court cases.
Book Synopsis Stalin's Peasants by : Sheila Fitzpatrick
Download or read book Stalin's Peasants written by Sheila Fitzpatrick and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1994 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on Soviet archives, especially the letters of complaint with which peasants deluged the Soviet authorities in the 1930s, this work analyzes peasants' strategies of resistance and survival in the new world of the collectivized village
Download or read book Icon and Devotion written by Oleg Tarasov and published by Reaktion Books. This book was released on 2004-01-03 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Icon and Devotion offers the first extensive presentation in English of the making and meaning of Russian icons. The craft of icon-making is set into the context of forms of worship that emerged in the Russian Orthodox Church in the mid-seventeenth century. Oleg Tarasov shows how icons have held a special place in Russian consciousness because they represented idealized images of Holy Russia. He also looks closely at how and why icons were made. Wonder-working saints and the leaders of such religious schisms as the Old Believers appear in these pages, which are illustrated in halftones with miniature paintings, lithographs and engravings never before published in the English-speaking world. By tracing the artistic vocabulary, techniques and working methods of icon painters, Tarasov shows how icons have been integral to the history of Russian art, influenced by folk and mainstream currents alike. As well as articulating the specifically Russian piety they invoke, he analyzes the significance of icons in the cultural life of modern Russia in the context of popular prints and poster design.
Book Synopsis The World of the Russian Peasant by : Ben Eklof
Download or read book The World of the Russian Peasant written by Ben Eklof and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-10-13 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1990 The World of the Russian Peasant is designed to provide a wide-ranging survey of new developments in Russian peasant studies. Editors Eklof and Frank paint a broad picture of what life was like for the vast majority of Russia’s population before 1917. Individual authors treat the intricacies of the village community and peasant commune, social structure, the everyday life and labour of peasant women, the impact of migration, the spread of education, and peasant art, religion, justice, and politics. The result is a portrait of a people greatly influenced by rapid and radical changes in the world yet seeking to maintain control over their lives and their communities. This is a must read for students of Russian history, Russian peasantry and rural sociology.
Book Synopsis All Russia Is Burning! by : Cathy A. Frierson
Download or read book All Russia Is Burning! written by Cathy A. Frierson and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2012-11-10 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rural fires were an even more persistent scourge than famine in late imperial Russia, as Cathy Frierson shows in this first comprehensive study. Destroying almost three billion rubles’ worth of property in European Russia between 1860 and 1904, accidental and arson fires acted as a brake on Russia’s economic development while subjecting peasants to perennial shocks to their physical and emotional condition. The fire question captured the attention of educated, progressive Russians, who came to perceived it as a key obstacle to Russia’s becoming a modern society in the European model. Using sources ranging from literary representations and newspaper articles to statistical tables and court records, Frierson demonstrates the many meanings fire held for both peasants and the educated elite. To peasants, it was an essential source of light and warmth as well as a destructive force that regularly ignited their cramped villages of wooden, thatch-roofed huts. Absent the rule of law, they often used arson to gain justice or revenge, or to exert social control over those who would violate village norms. Frierson shows that the vast majority of arson cases in European Russia were not peasant-against-gentry acts of protest but peasant-against-peasant acts of "self-help" law or plain spite. Both the state and individual progressives set out to resolve the fire question and to educate, cajole, or coerce the peasantry into the modern world. Fire insurance, building codes, "scientific" village layouts, and volunteer firefighting brigades reduced the average number of buildings consumed in each blaze, but none of these measures succeeded in curbing the number of fires each year. More than anything else, this history of fire and arson in rural European Russia is a history of their cultural meanings in the late imperial campaign for modernity. Frierson shows the special associations of women with fire in rural life and in elite understanding of fire in the Russian countryside. Her study of the fire question demonstrates both peasant agency in fighting fire and educated Russians' hardening conviction that peasants stood in the way of Russia's advent into the company of prosperous, rational, civilized nations.
Book Synopsis Peasant Dreams and Market Politics by : Jeffrey Burds
Download or read book Peasant Dreams and Market Politics written by Jeffrey Burds and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2012-02-15 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines how peasant migration—the movement of males to cities for wage labor—affected villages before the Bolshevik revolution. New Russian sources are utilized.
Book Synopsis Iconography of Power by : Victoria E. Bonnell
Download or read book Iconography of Power written by Victoria E. Bonnell and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1998-02-05 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters at visual propaganda, the Bolsheviks produced thousands of vivid and compelling posters after they seized power in October 1917. Intended for a semi-literate population that was accustomed to the rich visual legacy of the Russian autocracy and the Orthodox Church, political posters came to occupy a central place in the regime's effort to imprint itself on the hearts and minds of the people and to remold them into the new Soviet women and men. In this first sociological study of Soviet political posters, Victoria Bonnell analyzes the shifts that took place in the images, messages, styles, and functions of political art from 1917 to 1953. Everyone who lived in Russia after the October revolution had some familiarity with stock images of the male worker, the great communist leaders, the collective farm woman, the capitalist, and others. These were the new icons' standardized images that depicted Bolshevik heroes and their adversaries in accordance with a fixed pattern. Like other "invented traditions" of the modern age, iconographic images in propaganda art were relentlessly repeated, bringing together Bolshevik ideology and traditional mythologies of pre-Revolutionary Russia. Symbols and emblems featured in Soviet posters of the Civil War and the 1920s gave visual meaning to the Bolshevik worldview dominated by the concept of class. Beginning in the 1930s, visual propaganda became more prescriptive, providing models for the appearance, demeanor, and conduct of the new social types, both positive and negative. Political art also conveyed important messages about the sacred center of the regime which evolved during the 1930s from the celebration of the heroic proletariat to the deification of Stalin. Treating propaganda images as part of a particular visual language, Bonnell shows how people "read" them—relying on their habits of seeing and interpreting folk, religious, commercial, and political art (both before and after 1917) as well as the fine art traditions of Russia and the West. Drawing on monumental sculpture and holiday displays as well as posters, the study traces the way Soviet propaganda art shaped the mentality of the Russian people (the legacy is present even today) and was itself shaped by popular attitudes and assumptions. Iconography of Power includes posters dating from the final decades of the old regime to the death of Stalin, located by the author in Russian, American, and English libraries and archives. One hundred exceptionally striking posters are reproduced in the book, many of them never before published. Bonnell places these posters in a historical context and provides a provocative account of the evolution of the visual discourse on power in Soviet Russia.
Book Synopsis Women and Gender in Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, and Eurasia by : Mary Zirin
Download or read book Women and Gender in Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, and Eurasia written by Mary Zirin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-26 with total page 2898 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive, multidisciplinary, and multilingual bibliography on "Women and Gender in East Central Europe and the Balkans (Vol. 1)" and "The Lands of the Former Soviet Union (Vol. 2)" over the past millennium. The coverage encompasses the relevant territories of the Russian, Hapsburg, and Ottoman empires, Germany and Greece, and the Jewish and Roma diasporas. Topics range from legal status and marital customs to economic participation and gender roles, plus unparalleled documentation of women writers and artists, and autobiographical works of all kinds. The volumes include approximately 30,000 bibliographic entries on works published through the end of 2000, as well as web sites and unpublished dissertations. Many of the individual entries are annotated with brief descriptions of major works and the tables of contents for collections and anthologies. The entries are cross-referenced and each volume includes indexes.
Book Synopsis Voices of the People in Nineteenth-Century France by : David Hopkin
Download or read book Voices of the People in Nineteenth-Century France written by David Hopkin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-26 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This innovative study of the lives of ordinary people – peasants, fishermen, textile workers – in nineteenth-century France demonstrates how folklore collections can be used to shed new light on the socially marginalized. David Hopkin explores the ways in which people used traditional genres such as stories, songs and riddles to highlight problems in their daily lives and give vent to their desires without undermining the two key institutions of their social world – the family and the community. The book addresses recognized problems in social history such as the division of power within the peasant family, the maintenance of communal bonds in competitive environments, and marriage strategies in unequal societies, showing how social and cultural history can be reconnected through the study of individual voices recorded by folklorists. Above all, it reveals how oral culture provided mechanisms for the poor to assert some control over their own destinies.
Book Synopsis Visions of a New Land by : Emma Widdis
Download or read book Visions of a New Land written by Emma Widdis and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2003-05-11 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows how Soviet cinema encouraged popular support of state initiatives in the years up to the Second World War, helping to create a new Russian identity & territory, an 'imaginary geography' of Sovietness.
Book Synopsis Reforming Justice in Russia, 1864-1994 by : PeterH. Solomon
Download or read book Reforming Justice in Russia, 1864-1994 written by PeterH. Solomon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measuring Russian legal reform in relation to the rule-of-law ideal, this study also examines the legal institutions, culture and reform goals that have actually prevailed in Russia. Judgements about future prospects are measured, adding new dimensions to our understanding of the Soviet legacy.
Book Synopsis Reforming Justice in Russia, 1864-1996 by : Peter H. Solomon
Download or read book Reforming Justice in Russia, 1864-1996 written by Peter H. Solomon and published by M.E. Sharpe. This book was released on 1997 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a set of papers prepared for a spring 1995 conference held at Massey College, University of Toronto, reflecting collaboration and discussion among specialists in law and justice in tsarist Russia and their counterparts working on the subject in the USSR and post-Soviet Russia. Organized in sections on varieties of justice in imperial Russia, courts and Soviet power, and justice and the Russian transition, papers examine areas such as rural arson in European Russia in the late imperial era, sexual harassment claims of the 1920s, criminal justice under Stalin, and trials in modern Russia. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Russian Empire written by Jane Burbank and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-08 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perspectives on the strategies of imperial rule pursued by rulers, officials, scholars, and subjects of the Russian empire. This book explores the connections between Russia's expansion over vast territories occupied by people of many ethnicities, religions, and political experiences and the evolution of imperial administration and vision.
