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Payment Arrears In The Gas And Electric Power Sectors Of The Russian Federation And Ukraine
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Book Synopsis Payment Arrears in the Gas and Electric Power Sectors of the Russian Federation and Ukraine by : Hrant Bagratian
Download or read book Payment Arrears in the Gas and Electric Power Sectors of the Russian Federation and Ukraine written by Hrant Bagratian and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1997-12-01 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses payments arrears in the Russian Federation and Ukraine, with emphasis on the gas and electric power sectors. Payments arrears, which were triggered primarily by the dislocations experienced during the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy, have reached significant proportions in these two countries. Governments have aggravated the problem by not honoring their own bills and by condoning payments arrears outside the budget. The paper argues that the solution to the problem lies in the implementation of comprehensive systemic reforms and outlines possible measures.
Book Synopsis Payments Arrears in the Gas and Electric Power Sectors of the Russian Federation and Ukraine by : Hrant Bagratian
Download or read book Payments Arrears in the Gas and Electric Power Sectors of the Russian Federation and Ukraine written by Hrant Bagratian and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses payments arrears in the Russian Federation and Ukraine, with emphasis on the gas and electric power sectors. Payments arrears, which were triggered primarily by the dislocations experienced during the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy, have reached significant proportions in these two countries. Governments have aggravated the problem by not honoring their own bills and by condoning payments arrears outside the budget. The paper argues that the solution to the problem lies in the implementation of comprehensive systemic reforms and outlines possible measures.
Book Synopsis Non-payment in the Electricity Sector in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union by :
Download or read book Non-payment in the Electricity Sector in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In Albania, consumers with guns stolen from the government threatened to shoot the utility officials who attempted to disconnect defaulting customers." This situation and others less dramatic, but every bit as corrupt, aggravated the utility non-payment issue and pushed it into the foreground. This study reviews the non-payment problem in the electricity sector in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union during 1990-1997. In addition to non-payment, the review also covers the problem of low cash collections and the preference in some countries for the use of cash substitutes such as barters, offsets, and promissory notes. The objective of the study is to identify which policies and measures addressing the problem of non-payment in the electricity sector worked in practice and which did not. Therefore, it includes stories of both success and failure. It is aimed at equipping Bank staff and decision makers with a set of practical tools that can be of use when the political will exists to tackle the problem.
Book Synopsis The Energy Sector Reform and Macroeconomic Adjustment in a Transition Economy by : Mr.Stéphane Cossé
Download or read book The Energy Sector Reform and Macroeconomic Adjustment in a Transition Economy written by Mr.Stéphane Cossé and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-04-01 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper assesses the main issues faced by the energy sector in a transition economy such as Romania and their macroeconomic dimension. It examines how the size of quasi-fiscal subsidies, owing mainly to inappropriate prices and the lack of financial discipline, has led to an increased focus on the energy sector under the IMF-supported programs. The paper analyzes the macroeconomic impact of recent reform measures and discusses the next steps to improve price policy and collection in energy utilities. Shifting to targeted budgetary subsidies appears also to be a crucial reform step.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Taxes and Revenues From the Energy Sector in the Baltics, Russia, and Other Former Soviet Union Countries by : Mr.Dale F. Gray
Download or read book Evaluation of Taxes and Revenues From the Energy Sector in the Baltics, Russia, and Other Former Soviet Union Countries written by Mr.Dale F. Gray and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-03-01 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the level and structure of fiscal revenues from the Baltics, Russia, and other former Soviet Union countries’ (BRO) energy sector and suggests reforms in energy tax policy. Revenues from the oil and gas sectors are about half the level that might be expected from international comparisons. Low oil revenues result from infrastructure constraints on oil exports, weak tax administration, and inappropriate tax structures. Low gas revenues are due to low statutory tax rates, a tax structure that does not capture monopoly or resource rents, and weak tax administration. Taxation of oil products could be increased.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1451974515 Total Pages :216 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (519 download)
Book Synopsis IMF Staff papers, Volume 45 No. 1 by : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Download or read book IMF Staff papers, Volume 45 No. 1 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes some leading indicators of currency crises, and proposes a specific early warning system. This system involves monitoring the evolution of several indicators that tend to exhibit an unusual behavior in the periods preceding a crisis. When an indicator exceeds a certain threshold value, this is interpreted as a warning “signal” that a currency crisis may take place. The variables that have the best track record within this approach include exports, deviations of the real exchange rate from trend, and the ratio of broad money to gross international reserves, output, and equity prices.
Book Synopsis State-owned Banks in the Transition by : Khaled Sherif
Download or read book State-owned Banks in the Transition written by Khaled Sherif and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'State-Owned Banks in the Transition: Origins, Evolution, and Policy Responses' reviews the experience with state banking over the last decade in the transition economies of Europe and Central Asia. State ownership of banking systems has undermined economic reform efforts and has distorted emerging markets. This study compares various approaches to reform and calls attention to the significant costs associated with continued state ownership. It concludes with lessons from experience and recommendations for policymakers on approaches to reducing state ownership of banks in the region. The findings indicate that restructuring of state banks has proven time consuming and costly, and governments are better off moving swiftly to privatize or liquidate their remaining state banks rather than attempting to rehabilitate them. This report includes seven case studies of individual state banks that have been reformed or privatized over the past decade. The case studies highlight the challenges of implementing various reform measures and illustrate how such challenges have been addressed in difficult economic and political contexts.
Book Synopsis Ukrainian Political Economy by : R. Kravchuk
Download or read book Ukrainian Political Economy written by R. Kravchuk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-01-17 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive and detailed examination of the challenges faced by the newly independent state of Ukraine argues that its lackluster economic performance during the 1990s was the unfortunate result of a combination of the hasty adoption of public policies not clearly understood and a prolonged struggle to build governmental institutions. With a focus on both how the government used financial repression to balance budgets, dampen inflationary pressures and, at the same time, maintain formal and informal subsidies to state enterprises. It makes original contributions to the debate on economic reform by focusing attention on Ukraine's critical choices in the areas of state institution-building, fiscal policies and monetary reform, and the government's preference for financially-repressive policy measures.
Download or read book IMF Working Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Politics And Society In Ukraine by : Paul D'anieri
Download or read book Politics And Society In Ukraine written by Paul D'anieri and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-02-23 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With NATO expanding into central Europe, Ukraine has become a pivotal state for the future of European stability, yet it is a country about which little is known in the west. Politics and Society in Ukraine fills that gap, providing the first comprehensive and detailed study of the contemporary Ukrainian political system. Beginning with a discussion of the legacy of the Soviet Union, the authors illuminate Ukraines regional and ethnic tensions, governmental system, efforts at reform, and foreign policy. They consider all of those issues from a comparative perspective that readers unfamiliar with Ukraine will find illuminating. The authors are three of the leading authorities on Ukrainian politics, and each has extensive experience in the country. This book provides much-needed analysis of a crucial country. }With the expansion of NATO, Ukraine is frequently described as the linchpin of security in Central Europe. And after Russia, it is the largest and most important of the post-Soviet states. Yet it is a country about which most westerners know very little, subsumed as it was for decades beneath the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. Ukrainian Politics and Society is the first comprehensive study of politics in post-Soviet Ukraine, and is therefore vital reading for anyone concerned with European security, or with politics in the former Soviet Union.The authors extensive experience in Ukraine allows them to explain the paradoxes of Ukrainian politics that have led to so many false predictions concerning the future of the Ukrainian state. Their examination of nationality politics shows why ethnic and regional differences have tended to recede rather than to spin out of control, as they have elsewhere in the region. At the same time, these differences hamstring the countrys political system, and the authors show how difficult a task it is for democratic institutions to provide effective government in a country with little consensus. By viewing economic reform in its profoundly political context, the authors expose the chasm between the theory and practice of economic reform. Understanding of how to make profits has not been lacking, but government regulation to ensure that profit-seeking behavior leads to functioning markets has been conspicuously absent.By examining in detail how Ukrainian politics has followed theoretical expectations and where it has contradicted them, the authors arrive at conclusions with implications well beyond Ukraine. Ukraine must first build a state and a nation before it can successfully reform its economy or build a genuine democracy. For Ukraine and its people, the task is daunting. For the west, whose security increasingly relies on stability in Ukraine, this book provides the knowledge necessary to approach the problem, as well as good reason not to ignore it. }
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Independent Ukraine by : H. van Zon
Download or read book The Political Economy of Independent Ukraine written by H. van Zon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2000-11-30 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Political Economy of Independent Ukraine analyses the reasons for the abysmal economic performance of Ukraine during the 1990s. The main thesis is that economic development was blocked by a set of parasitic mechanisms at all levels of the economy that prevented the development of value-added economic activities. These parasitic mechanisms already developed under Soviet rule ('beating the system' by redistributing goods and services while disregarding formal rules) became a widespread practice.
Book Synopsis Expansion and Fragmentation by : Kees van Kersbergen
Download or read book Expansion and Fragmentation written by Kees van Kersbergen and published by Amsterdam University Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is the end of the nation-state approaching, now that the international economy takes less and less notice of borders between countries and the European Union has already acquired so much political power? What does national autonomy mean when governments delegate any number of powers to inter-national organizations? Internationalization leads to political change, and the position of the nation-state appears to be undergoing a radical process of erosion. The surprising conclusion of this book is that the political significance of the state will not be lost. The analyses show that both expansion and fragmentation of political power are characteristics of fundamental political change. While it is true that the state is delegating authority and that internationalization is limiting autonomy, the state is also finding new forms of cooperation and coordination, both nationally and internationally, to preserve and even to strengthen its power and autonomy. Contrary to widely held assumptions, the idea of a progressive weakening of the nationstate does not prove tenable.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :9781557757401 Total Pages :246 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (574 download)
Book Synopsis World Economic Outlook, May 1998 by : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Download or read book World Economic Outlook, May 1998 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-05-08 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Economic Outlook, published twice a year in English, French, Spanish, and Arabic, presents IMF staff economists analyses of global economic developments during the near and medium term. Chapters give an overview of the world economy; consider issues affecting industrial countries, and economics in transition to market; and address topics of pressing current interest. Annexes, boxes, charts, and an extensive statistical appendix augment the text.
Book Synopsis Institutional Change and Industrial Development in Central and Eastern Europe by : Anne Lorentzen
Download or read book Institutional Change and Industrial Development in Central and Eastern Europe written by Anne Lorentzen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-21 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published in 1999, this is a collection of recent research results by acknowledged researchers in the field of enterprise transformation and industrial development in Central and Eastern Europe.
Book Synopsis Parliamentary Assembly Documents 1999 session (First part, January 1999) Volume II by : Council of Europe
Download or read book Parliamentary Assembly Documents 1999 session (First part, January 1999) Volume II written by Council of Europe and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 1999-12-03 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parallel texts in English & French
Book Synopsis Economics Survey of Europe, 1998 by : United Nations
Download or read book Economics Survey of Europe, 1998 written by United Nations and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1999-05 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Find analyses of the development of the European economy and changes to economic policies of Eastern and Western Europe. Data include output and the structure of demand, costs, prices, income, employment and unemployment, and foreign trade and payments. Chapters cover: the current economic situation in the ECE economies and the short-run outlook; the western market economies; and the transition economies. Tables and charts present data on expectations and outcomes, labor markets, costs and prices, external balances, monetary policy and monetary conditions, output and demand, macroeconomic policies, external financial development in the transition economies, and foreign trade. A statistical appendix; a list of tables, charts, and boxes; explanatory notes; source notes; and a list of abbreviations are also featured.
Download or read book The World Factbook written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
