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Patterns And Ecological Consequences Of Aboveground And Belowground Herbivory
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Book Synopsis Patterns and Ecological Consequences of Aboveground and Belowground Herbivory by : Alexis Clare Erwin
Download or read book Patterns and Ecological Consequences of Aboveground and Belowground Herbivory written by Alexis Clare Erwin and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Terrestrial plants are embedded in a complex biological network consisting of microorganisms, plants, and animals at several trophic levels. Because plant mass is roughly equally divided above- and belowground, plants function as a key link between the two subsystems. Thus, our understanding of how communities are structured and function may be advanced by considering above- and belowground ecological interactions in tandem. As a model for understanding above-belowground dynamics, this dissertation focuses on the interactions between common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca), a perennial plant native to Eastern North America, and the red milkweed beetle (Tetraopes tetraophthalmus), a monophagous herbivore that feeds aboveground as an adult and belowground as a larva. The broad aims of this dissertation are to 1) characterize biotic interactions in the rhizosphere of A. syriaca; 2) investigate the individual and community-wide effects of above- and belowground herbivory by T. tetraophthalmus; and 3) examine the extent to which A. syriaca growth, defense, and ecophysiological traits are genetically correlated in expression, and how these traits affect the performance of T. tetraophthalmus adults and larvae. Soil-dwelling insects commonly co-occur and feed simultaneously on belowground plant parts, yet patterns of damage and consequences for plant and insect performance remain poorly characterized. Chapter 1 addresses how two root-feeding insects, T. tetraophthalmus and wireworms, affect the performance of A. syriaca and the mass and survival of both conspecific and heterospecific insects. Initial herbivory and induced plant responses have the potential to shape patterns of subsequent insect attack above- and belowground. When different life stages of the same herbivore species damage different plant parts sequentially, there is especially strong potential for induced responses because the sequence of attack is predictable. Chapter 2 characterizes induced responses of A. syriaca following aboveground herbivory by adult, and belowground herbivory by larval, T. tetraophthalmus and then tests for changes in the performance of insects that subsequently interact with shoot- and root-damaged plants. Because many ecological interactions are mediated by plant phenotype, characterizing shoot and root traits is critical for understanding broader scale interactions. Chapter 3 describes above- and belowground plant traits in terms of heritability, evolvability, pairwise correlations, and clusters and tests for associated impacts on T. tetraophthalmus performance.
Book Synopsis Aboveground–Belowground Community Ecology by : Takayuki Ohgushi
Download or read book Aboveground–Belowground Community Ecology written by Takayuki Ohgushi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-01 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers now recognize that above- and belowground communities are indirectly linked to one another, often by plant-mediated mechanisms. To date, however, there has been no single multi-authored edited volume on the subject. This book remedies that gap, and offers state-of-the art insights into basic and applied research on aboveground-belowground interactions and their functional consequences. Drawing on a diverse pool of global expertise, the authors present diverse approaches that span a range of scales and levels of complexity. The respective chapters provide in-depth information on the current state of research, and outline future prospects in the field of aboveground-belowground community ecology. In particular, the book’s goal is to expand readers’ knowledge of the evolutionary, community and ecosystem consequences of aboveground-belowground interactions, making it essential reading for all biologists, graduate students and advanced undergraduates working in this rapidly expanding field. It touches on multiple research fields including ecology, botany, zoology, entomology, microbiology and the related applied areas of biodiversity management and conservation.
Book Synopsis Insects and Ecosystem Function by : W.W. Weisser
Download or read book Insects and Ecosystem Function written by W.W. Weisser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-05 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insects are a dominant component of biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems and play a key role in mediating the relationship between plants and ecosystem processes. This volume examines their effects on ecosystem functioning, focusing mainly, but not exclusively, on herbivorous insects. Renowned authors with extensive experience in the field of plant-insect interactions, contribute to the volume using examples from their own work.
Book Synopsis The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing by : Iain J. Gordon
Download or read book The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing written by Iain J. Gordon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-14 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume investigates how large herbivores not only influence the structure and distribution of the vegetation, but also affect nutrient flows and the responses of associated fauna. The mechanisms and processes underlying the herbivores' behavior, distribution, movement and direct impact on the vegetation are discussed in detail. It is shown that an understanding of plant/animal interactions can inform the management of large herbivores to integrate production and conservation in terrestrial systems.
Book Synopsis Aboveground-Belowground Linkages by : Richard D. Bardgett
Download or read book Aboveground-Belowground Linkages written by Richard D. Bardgett and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2010-07-29 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aboveground-Belowground Linkages provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive synthesis of recent advances in our understanding of the roles that interactions between aboveground and belowground communities play in regulating the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, and their responses to global change. It charts the historical development of this field of ecology and evaluates what can be learned from the recent proliferation of studies on the ecological and biogeochemical significance of aboveground-belowground linkages. The book is structured around four key topics: biotic interactions in the soil; plant community effects; the role of aboveground consumers; and the influence of species gains and losses. A concluding chapter draws together this information and identifies a number of cross-cutting themes, including consideration of aboveground-belowground feedbacks that occur at different spatial and temporal scales, the consequences of these feedbacks for ecosystem processes, and how aboveground-belowground interactions link to human-induced global change.
Book Synopsis Large Herbivore Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics and Conservation by : Kjell Danell
Download or read book Large Herbivore Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics and Conservation written by Kjell Danell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-05-25 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most large herbivores require some type of management within their habitats. Some populations of large herbivores are at the brink of extinction, some are under discussion for reintroduction, whilst others already occur in dense populations causing conflicts with other land use. Large herbivores are the major drivers for forming the shape and function of terrestrial ecosystems. This 2006 book addresses the scientifically based action plans to manage both the large herbivore populations and their habitats worldwide. It covers the processes by which large herbivores not only affect their environment (e.g. grazing) but are affected by it (e.g. nutrient cycling) and the management strategies required. Also discussed are new modeling techniques, which help assess integration processes in a landscape context, as well as assessing the consequences of new developments in the processes of conservation. This book will be essential reading for all involved in the management of both large herbivores and natural resources.
Book Synopsis Aboveground-Belowground Linkages by : Richard D. Bardgett
Download or read book Aboveground-Belowground Linkages written by Richard D. Bardgett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-07-29 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aboveground-Belowground Linkages provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive synthesis of recent advances in our understanding of the roles that interactions between aboveground and belowground communities play in regulating the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, and their responses to global change. It charts the historical development of this field of ecology and evaluates what can be learned from the recent proliferation of studies on the ecological and biogeochemical significance of aboveground-belowground linkages. The book is structured around four key topics: biotic interactions in the soil; plant community effects; the role of aboveground consumers; and the influence of species gains and losses. A concluding chapter draws together this information and identifies a number of cross-cutting themes, including consideration of aboveground-belowground feedbacks that occur at different spatial and temporal scales, the consequences of these feedbacks for ecosystem processes, and how aboveground-belowground interactions link to human-induced global change.
Book Synopsis Below-Ground Interactions in Ecological Processes by : Oren Shelef
Download or read book Below-Ground Interactions in Ecological Processes written by Oren Shelef and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-29 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aboveground interactions between plants and organisms have served as a foundation of ecological and evolutionary theories. Accumulating evidence suggests that interactions that occur belowground can have immense influence on eco-evolutionary dynamics of plants. Despite the increasing awareness among scientists of the importance of belowground interactions for plant performance and community dynamics, they have received considerably less theoretical and empirical attention compared to aboveground interactions. In this eBook we aim to highlight the overlooked roles of belowground interactions and outline their myriad ecological roles, from affecting soil health through impacting plant interactions with above-ground fauna. This eBook with 18 articles and an Editorial includes conceptual contribution together with original research work. The chapters are exploring the roles of belowground biotic interactions, in the context of ecological processes both below- and above-ground.
Book Synopsis Effects of Above- and Belowground Biodiversity on the Metabolome of Common Grassland Species in Different Environmental Contexts by : Christian Ristok
Download or read book Effects of Above- and Belowground Biodiversity on the Metabolome of Common Grassland Species in Different Environmental Contexts written by Christian Ristok and published by . This book was released on 2022* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The loss of biodiversity is negatively affecting ecosystem functions and biotic interactions. However, it is those biotic interactions that are essential for ecosystem fitness, productivity, and resilience. In terrestrial ecosystems, the multitrophic above-belowground interactions among plants, their soil biota, and the aboveground herbivore community drive many important ecosystem processes. While we know of the close connections between plants and their soil biota community or plants and their herbivore community, we still lack the mechanistic understanding underlying these biotic interactions. It is here that the newly emerging research area of ecological metabolomics (eco-metabolomics) may provide new insights by uncovering the molecular processes of plant-soil-herbivore interactions. My dissertation aimed to provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant-soil-herbivore interaction by combining the application of eco-metabolomics with biodiversity experiments. I combined controlled pot experiments with a field experiment in a semi-natural grassland to test whether different levels of plant diversity and soil biota diversity affect plant metabolomes. Furthermore, I tested if these changes in plant metabolomes and the diversity of secondary metabolites can be linked to aboveground herbivory to explain variation therein. My dissertation provides experimental evidence that plant diversity can induce shifts in soil biota diversity that can affect the plant's metabolome as well as the concentration and diversity of secondary metabolites. In addition, my results suggest that the plant's metabolome is a novel and important functional trait that can link plant diversity and herbivory, and explain variation thereof. By including metabolomic analyses, we gained a better understanding for the importance of plant-soil interactions in shaping ecosystem processes, such as aboveground plant-herbivore interactions, via their effect on the plant's metabolome.
Book Synopsis Multitrophic Level Interactions by : Teja Tscharntke
Download or read book Multitrophic Level Interactions written by Teja Tscharntke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-03-21 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the complex interactions between plants, their herbivores and natural enemies.
Book Synopsis Plant Functional Diversity by : Eric Garnier
Download or read book Plant Functional Diversity written by Eric Garnier and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological diversity, the variety of living organisms on Earth, is traditionally viewed as the diversity of taxa, and species in particular. However, other facets of diversity also need to be considered for a comprehensive understanding of evolutionary and ecological processes. This novel book demonstrates the advantages of adopting a functional approach to diversity in order to improve our understanding of the functioning of ecological systems and theircomponents. The focus is on plants, which are major components of these systems, and for which the functional approach has led to major scientific advances over the last 20 years. PlantFunctional Diversity presents the rationale for a trait-based approach to functional diversity in the context of comparative plant ecology and agroecology. It demonstrates how this approach can be used to address a number of highly debated questions in plant ecology pertaining to plant responses to their environment, controls on plant community structure, ecosystem properties, and the services these deliver to human societies. This research level text will be of particular relevance and use tograduate students and professional researchers in plant ecology, agricultural sciences and conservation biology.
Book Synopsis Invasive Plant Ecology by : Shibu Jose
Download or read book Invasive Plant Ecology written by Shibu Jose and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-01-09 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invasion of non-native plant species, which has a significant impact on the earth’s ecosystems, has greatly increased in recent years due to expanding trade and transport among different countries. Understanding the ecological principles underlying the invasive process as well as the characteristics of the invasive plants is crucial for making good management decisions to address this problem. Invasive Plant Ecology includes chapters derived from presentations at conferences such as the World Congress of the International Union of Forestry Research Organizations (IUFRO), as well as contributions from invited renowned authors. The chapters include both original research and syntheses of current knowledge on specific topics. Actions essential for coordinated approaches to curtail plant invasion include increasing awareness of the ecological impacts of alien plants and employing novel control strategies. This book provides a foundation in invasion ecology by examining ecological theories and case studies that explain plant invasions, their impacts, management strategies, and the ecological economics. The chapters describe ecological characteristics, mutualistic associations, microbial communities, and disturbance regimes that affect the spread of invasive plants. The book also covers spatial analysis and predictive modeling of invasive plants. The final chapters offer guidelines for ecological management and restoration of invaded areas and describe the economics of the invasive plant issue. This collection contains case studies from around the world, giving readers a real view of the extent of the invasive species issue along with real-world strategies. With its focus on the ecological aspects of plant invasion, this book provides an important reference for students, scientists, professionals, and policy makers who are involved in the study and management of alien invasive plants and ecosystems.
Download or read book Root Feeders written by Scott N. Johnson and published by CABI. This book was released on 2008 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on presentations at the workshop ("Integrative approaches for the investigation of root herbivory in agricultural and natural systems"), providing an overview of root-feeding invertebrates. It aims to bring a range of viewpoints and approaches 'under one roof', covering everything from food web ecology to the potential impacts of climate change on root feeders. In this book, 23 internationally renowned researchers working in the field of root herbivory were invited to participate in this focused edited volume. Their work brings together current knowledge relating to belowground herbivory in 11 chapters, across a spectrum of areas and predicts the future challenges and directions for root herbivory research. It concentrates on root-feeding invertebrates (nematodes, and particularly insects) as this is the most widespread type of root herbivore and the focus of most contemporary research in root herbivory.
Book Synopsis Biotic Stress and Yield Loss by : Robert K.D. Peterson
Download or read book Biotic Stress and Yield Loss written by Robert K.D. Peterson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-12-28 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding biotic stress and plant yield allows for the practical development of economic decision making, an instrumental part of Integrated Pest Management. And further, the impact of biotic injury on plant yield bears directly on the basic biological questions of population dynamics, life history strategies, community structure, plant-stresso
Book Synopsis The Ecology of Plant Secondary Metabolites by : Glenn R. Iason
Download or read book The Ecology of Plant Secondary Metabolites written by Glenn R. Iason and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-19 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a state-of-the-art review of recent conceptual developments concerning the roles of plant secondary metabolites in the natural environment.
Book Synopsis The Wetlands Handbook, 2 Volume Set by : Edward Maltby
Download or read book The Wetlands Handbook, 2 Volume Set written by Edward Maltby and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-07-23 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forty-two chapters by international experts from a wide range ofdisciplines make The Wetlands Handbook the essential toolfor those seeking comprehensive understanding of the subject. Adeparture from more traditional treatises, this text examinesfreshwater wetland ecosystem science from the fundamentals toissues of management and policy. Introductory chapters address the scope and significance ofwetlands globally for communities, culture and biodiversity.Subsequent sections deal with processes underpinning wetlandfunctioning, how wetlands work, their uses and values for humansand nature, their sensitivity to external impacts, and how they maybe restored. The text is illustrated by numerous examples,emphasising functional and holistic approaches to wetlandmanagement, including case studies on the wise use andrehabilitation of wetlands in farmed, urban, industrial and otherdamaged environments, highlighting the long-term benefits ofmultiple use. The Wetlands Handbook will provide aninvaluable reference for researchers, managers, policy-makers andstudents of wetland sciences.
Book Synopsis Environmental Standards by : Christian Streffer
Download or read book Environmental Standards written by Christian Streffer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-08-04 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid growth of the world population - nearly six-fold over the last hundred years - combined with the rising number of technical installations especially in the industrialized countries has lead to ever tighter and more strained living spaces on our planet. Because ofthe inevitable processes oflife, man was at first an exploiter rather than a careful preserver of the environment. Environmental awareness with the intention to conserve the environment has grown only in the last few decades. Environmental standards have been defined and limit values have been set largely guided, however, by scientific and medical data on single exposures, while public opinion, on the other hand, now increasingly calls for astronger consideration of the more complex situations following combined exposures. Furthermore, it turned out that environmental standards, while necessarily based on scientific data, must also take into account ethical, legal, economic, and sociological aspects. A task of such complexity can only be dealt with appropriately in the framework of an inter disciplinary group.
