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Author : Richard Jensen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Patent Races, Product Standards, and International Competition written by Richard Jensen and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : International Standards, Conformity Assessment, and U.S. Trade Policy Project Committee
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309587883
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (95 download)
Download or read book Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade written by International Standards, Conformity Assessment, and U.S. Trade Policy Project Committee and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-03-29 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mandated standards used for vehicle airbags, International Organization for Standards (ISO) standards adopted for photographic film, de facto standards for computer software--however they arise, standards play a fundamental role in the global marketplace. Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade provides a comprehensive, up-to-date analysis of the link between standards, product testing and certification, and U.S. economic performance. The book includes recommendations for streamlining standards development, increasing the efficiency of product testing and certification, and promoting the success of U.S. exports in world markets. The volume offers a critical examination of organizations involved in standards and identifies the urgent improvements needed in the U.S. system for conformity assessment, in which adherence to standards is assessed and certified. Among other key issues, the book explores the role of government regulation, laboratory accreditation, and the overlapping of multiple quality standards in product development and manufacturing. In one of the first treatments of this subject, Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade offers a unique and highly valuable analysis of the impact of standards and conformity assessment on global trade.
Author : Mark Armstrong
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008055184X
Total Pages : 943 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Industrial Organization written by Mark Armstrong and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-10-05 with total page 943 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is Volume 3 of the Handbook of Industrial Organization series (HIO). Volumes 1 & 2 published simultaneously in 1989 and many of the chapters were widely cited and appeared on graduate reading lists. Since the first volumes published, the field of industrial organization has continued to evolve and this volume fills the gaps. While the first two volumes of HIO contain much more discussion of the theoretical literature than of the empirical literature, it was representative of the field at that time. Since then, the empirical literature has flourished, while the theoretical literature has continued to grow, and this new volume reflects that change of emphasis.Thie volume is an excellent reference and teaching supplement for industrial organization or industrial economics, the microeconomics field that focuses on business behavior and its implications for both market structures and processes, and for related public policies.*Part of the renowned Handbooks in Economics series*Chapters are contributed by some of the leading experts in their fields*A source, reference and teaching supplement for industrial organizations or industrial economists
Author : Richard Hawkins
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1783470089
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (834 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Innovation and Standards written by Richard Hawkins and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2017-08-25 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovation and standardization might seem polar opposites, but over many years various scholars have noted close connections between the two. This Handbook assembles a broad range of thinking on this subject, with contributions from several disciplinary perspectives by over 30 leading scholars and experienced practitioners. Collectively, they summarize and synthesize the existing body of knowledge – theory and evidence – pertaining to standards and innovation, and provide insights into how this knowledge can be useful to scholars, industrial strategists, policy-makers and standards practitioners.
Author : Luca Lambertini
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781781958315
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (583 download)
Download or read book The Economics of Vertically Differentiated Markets written by Luca Lambertini and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'This is a high-quality book on an important and central topic in the theory of industrial organisation. It is a cohesive and extremely well written volume which is destined to become a standard work on the subject.' - Mark Casson, University of Reading, UK This original new book offers a comprehensive and engaging perspective on the theory of vertical differentiation. It enables the reader to grasp the key concepts and effects that product quality has both on firms' behaviour and market structure, and the ways in which this relationship has evolved. With contributions from prominent figures in the field, the book investigates a number of important topics, such as the choice of the optimal product range, profit sharing, the existence of equilibrium in duopoly games, positional effects attached to status goods, international trade, collusion, advertising and the dynamics of capital accumulation for quality improvement and product innovation. Using both static and dynamic approaches, these aspects are assessed in relation to the manifold issues of regulation, competition policy and trade policy. Product differentiation and its influence on consumer behaviour and the performance of firms is a core topic in the existing literature in the fields of industrial organization, international trade and economic growth. This book will be an essential read for researchers, students and professional scholars working in these areas, especially those with an interest in antitrust regulation.
Author : Oz Shy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book International Standardization and Protection written by Oz Shy and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Keith E. Maskus
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0444527648
Total Pages : 559 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)
Download or read book Intellectual Property, Growth and Trade written by Keith E. Maskus and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2007-10-01 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers comprehensive and analytical literature surveys of the central questions regarding the linkages between intellectual property protection, international trade and investment, and economic growth. This book covers such questions as policy coordination in IPR, dispute resolution, and markets for technology and technology transfer.
Author : William F. Shepherd
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781781959763
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (597 download)
Download or read book Who's who in International Business Education and Research written by William F. Shepherd and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'This work is recommended for corporate libraries whose companies are involved in international business, and for academic libraries affiliated with colleges of business.' - Kay M. Stebbins, Choice This project is distinctive in that it really is a 'Who's Who' rather than a directory of all scholars engaged in international business education and research.
Author : Frank Wijen
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1849805776
Total Pages : 801 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (498 download)
Download or read book A Handbook of Globalisation and Environmental Policy, Second Edition written by Frank Wijen and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acclaim for the first edition: ÔThis is undoubtedly a useful collection of essays for environmental policy-makers and anyone interested in the relationship between national government and transnational forces. . . the collection brings together some interesting perspectives and should prove a useful complement to the existing political sociology of the environment.Õ Ð International Sociology Ð Review of Books ÔThe Handbook of Globalisation and Environmental Policy is a very important book. More than 40 experienced authors, including some of the most important international thought leaders of our time, have confronted a crucial question: How can and should national governments come to grips with the need for global action on a wide range of increasingly urgent environmental challenges that exceed their authority and capability? Through close examination of numerous case studies, a balanced perspective that takes government, business and civil society into account, and fresh interdisciplinary thinking about a range of policy tools, the Handbook offers a treasure-trove of new concepts and new perspectives. The authors conclude that by acknowledging the ongoing erosion of national sovereignty and accepting the growing need to work together in supranational forums, national governments can, in fact, increase their capacity to shape their own destiny.Õ Ð Lawrence Susskind, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US ÔIn an increasingly interdependent world, global forces affect both the design and effectiveness of environmental policy. This Handbook provides an unusually creative and comprehensive guide, not only to the nature of these forces and their impacts, but also to how a better understanding of these forces can provide a foundation for improving the effectiveness of environmental policy.Õ Ð Tom Tietenberg, Colby College, US In the current era of globalisation, national governments are increasingly exposed to international influences that present new constraints and opportunities for domestic environmental policies. This comprehensive, revised Handbook pushes the frontiers of theoretical and empirical knowledge, and provides a state-of-the-art examination of the multifaceted effects of globalisation on environmental governance. Including substantially revised as well as new contributions from leading authorities, the Handbook offers an insightful overview of recent developments at the intersection of globalisation and national environmental policy. It covers themes including national regimes, trade rules, types of goods, federalism, innovation, standards, citizen-consumers, developing countries, policy networks, partnerships, and carbon trading. The HandbookÕs depth and scope will appeal to a broad and varied readership, across academics, students, and policy-makers interested in public and private governance, environmental economics, international relations, environmental politics and law, sociology, and political science.
Author : Bruce N. Lehmann
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Asset Pricing and Intrinsic Values written by Bruce N. Lehmann and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of A Reappraisal of the efficiency of financial markets edited by Rui M.C. Guimaraes, Brian G. Kingsman and Stephen J. Taylor.
Author : Federico Etro
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540874275
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (48 download)
Download or read book Endogenous Market Structures and the Macroeconomy written by Federico Etro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-17 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a key year for the evolution of international markets. The global economy is experiencing the most severe downturn since the thirties, it is temporarily leaving a path of sustained growth that characterized the last decades, and is facing an impressive decline of trade between countries. Banks are going bankrupt, the stock market has crashed, rms are going out of bu- ness or drastically reducing their production and exports, workers are being red and investment in new business creation or innovation is shrinking. Meanwhile, consumers con dence has dropped at its minimum, aggregate demand has been declining for months and expansionary policies and int- national coordination have failed to counteract the crisis until now. It is quite likely that all this will change sooner or later, but at the end of this crisis our understanding of the macroeconomy may change as well. In front of these crucial events, this book is not an attempt at proposing a radically new way of interpreting macroeconomic phenomena, and, as a m- ter of fact, it is not even a book on macroeconomic theory. My more modest goal is to collect a number of insights derived from recent research on the role of competition and innovation in the analysis of three topics: business cycles, trade and growth through innovations.
Author : James B. Rebitzer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Consequences of Minimum Wage Laws written by James B. Rebitzer and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economists generally agree that the immediate and direct effect of a binding minimum wage law is to move firms backward along the demand curve for low skill workers. However, this prediction of worker displacement depends critically on a model of firm behavior that abstracts from problems of work incentives. In this paper we re-examine the theoretical basis for the consensus view of minimum wage laws. The central finding is that when firms use the threat of dismissal to elicit high levels of work effort, an increase in the minimum wage may have the immediate and direct effect of increasing the level of employment in low wage jobs. The formal logic of our model is similar to that found in the model of labor demand under monopsony. However, unlike the monopsony model, the positive employment effect of the minimum wage emerges in a labor market comprised of a large number of firms competing for the labor services of identical workers.
Author : Shang-Jin Wei
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Are Option-implied Forecasts of Exchange Rate Volatility Excessively Variable? written by Shang-Jin Wei and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Market participants' forecasts of future exchange rate volatility can be recovered from option contracts on foreign currencies. Such implicit volatility forecasts for four currencies are used to test rational expectations jointly with the applicability of the standard Black-Scholes formula. First, we examine the null hypothesis that the market-anticipated one-month-ahead standard deviation is an unbiased estimator of the subsequent realized standard deviation. The parametric regression method rejects this hypothesis overwhelmingly: the implicit forecasts are themselves excessively variable. Simulations indicate that the rejection is not caused by non-normality of the error term. Second, we use a nonparametric method to test a weaker version of market rationality: the market can correctly forecast the direction of the change in exchange rate volatility. This time, the weaker version of rationality is confirmed- Third, we investigate how market forecasts are formed. We find some evidence that market participants put heavy weight on lagged volatility when forecasting future volatility. Finally, results from the Alternating Conditional Expectations algorithm provide further support for the central finding that when the market predicts a large deviation of volatility from its mean, it could do better by moderating its forecast.
Author : Rebecca M. Blank
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Why Were Poverty Rates So High in the 1980s? written by Rebecca M. Blank and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores the relationship between the macroeconomy and the poverty rate. The first section provides evidence that poverty was far less responsive to macroeconomic growth in the 1980s than it had been in earlier decades. The section explores and rejects four reasons for this: It is not due to the exclusion of in-kind income from the data, to the regional location of the poor, to the public assistance changes of the early 1980s, or to the changing demographic composition of the poor. Instead, it is almost entirely due to declines in real wages that occur among low-wage workers over the 1980s. In fact, employment and weeks of work per year within low-income households expands more rapidly in the 1980s than in the 1960s. This is almost entirely offset, however, by declines in weekly earnings at the bottom of the income distribution. The result is that economic growth has been a far less effective anti-poverty tool over the past decade.
Author : James B. Rebitzer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Do Labor Markets Provide Enough Short Hour Jobs? written by James B. Rebitzer and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the role that work incentives play in the determination of work hours. Following previous research by Lang (1989), we use a conventional efficiency wage model to analyze how firms respond to worker preferences regarding wage-hours packages. We find that when workers are homogeneous, the role of worker preferences in determining work hours is similar to the simple neoclassical model of labor supply. For instance, if worker preferences shift in favor of shorter hours, firms will respond by offering jobs entailing shorter hours. When workers have heterogeneous preferences, however, employers will want to use a worker's hours preferences as a signal for the responsiveness of the worker to the work incentives used by the firm, and workers in turn may not reveal their hours preferences. Our key finding in this instance is that the labor market equilibrium may be characterized by a sub-optimal number of short-hour jobs. This shortage of short-hour jobs is likely to be found in high wage labor markets.
Author : Douglas L. Kruse
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Pension Substitution in the 1980s written by Douglas L. Kruse and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relative decline of defined benefit (DB) pension plans, and growth of defined contribution (DC) plans, has been often noted but not extensively explored. This paper reports on the construction of a new longitudinal company-based dataset on pension plans for the years 1980-86 (including all U.S. companies with large plans, and a 10% sample of companies with small plans, within this period). Among the findings are that the decline in DB coverage is primarily due to fewer participants in companies maintaining such plans, while very little of the growth in DC coverage is due to companies terminating DB plans. Also, multinomial logit analysis of manufacturing company choices indicates that the higher administrative costs of DB plans play a statistically significant, but small, role in their decline, while new pension adopters in less stable industries are more likely to choose DC plans.
Author : Gilbert E. Metcalf
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book The Role of Federal Taxation in the Supply of Municipal Bonds written by Gilbert E. Metcalf and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper considers ways in which federal tax policy affects municipal asset and debt holdings. The tax treatment of municipal bonds and income creates an arbitrage opportunity for communities to issue tax exempt debt and invest in financial assets. I present evidence that suggests the rules in effect prior to 1986 to prevent this activity were not effective. I then develop and estimate a model of municipal bond supply. I find a semi-elasticity of 1.23 of long term debt with respect to the spread between the after tax rate of return and the municipal borrowing rate.
