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Passivation Of The Negative Electrode In Lithium Ion Batteries
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Book Synopsis Passivation of the Negative Electrode in Lithium-ion Batteries by : Matthijs Pepijn Van den Berg
Download or read book Passivation of the Negative Electrode in Lithium-ion Batteries written by Matthijs Pepijn Van den Berg and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium-ion batteries have become the standard in rechargeable batteries for both portable electronics and electric vehicles because of their high energy and power densities. The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the negative electrode of these batteries is critical for their performance: it must allow lithium ions to pass while providing a barrier between other reducible species in the electrolyte and the highly reducing electrode, while maintaining the conduction of lithium ions necessary for battery operation. However, in commercial battery production it is often left to form adventitiously on the battery's first charge, optimizing the charging conditions rather than the chemical identity of the layer. As a result these SEIs consist of a complex mixture of organic and inorganic reduction products, a large part of which cannot fulfill the main three functions of an SEI: (1) electronic insulation, (2) impermeability to solvent and electrolyte species, and (3) lithium-ion conductivity. In this thesis it is shown that a simplified SEI primarily composed of lithium fluoride (LiF) can perform these functions, mimicking the beneficial function of an SEI. Furthermore it is shown that LiF can efficiently be deposited by the electrochemical reduction of hydrogen fluoride (HF), small quantities of which are known to be present in battery electrolytes due to hydrolysis of the electrolyte salt lithium hexafluorophosphate. The deposition of this thin layer is characterized and optimized using a simplified electrolyte chemistry on metallic electrodes. 19F-Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is introduced as a useful tool for studying the production of HF in LiPF6-containing electrolytes. Using NMR it is shown that the hydrolysis reaction is strongly dependent on the ion pairing, and that it is greatly slowed in the absence of the lithium ion. The NMR signal for HF is studied in detail, and the expected H-F coupling is observed at low concentrations in the absence of water. A facile way to precisely control the concentration of HF in non-aqueous lithium-ion battery electrolytes containing lithium hexafluorophosphate is presented and benchmarked. The effective removal of adventitiously formed HF in these electrolytes by 3-A molecular sieves is demonstrated, which enables an HF-free LiPF6-based electrolyte for the first time. Subsequently the synthesis, drying, and quantification of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride in non-aqueous solvents was developed and characterized, yielding precise control over the concentration of HF and the following electrodeposition of LiF. Using these techniques the electrodeposition of LiF can be finely controlled. The resulting thin layer can fulfill the main functions of the SEI without excess loss of lithium, clearing the way for more efficient SEI formation in commercial lithium-ion batteries.
Book Synopsis Electrodes for Li-ion Batteries by : Laure Monconduit
Download or read book Electrodes for Li-ion Batteries written by Laure Monconduit and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-02 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electrochemical energy storage is a means to conserve electrical energy in chemical form. This form of storage benefits from the fact that these two energies share the same vector, the electron. This advantage allows us to limit the losses related to the conversion of energy from one form to another. The RS2E focuses its research on rechargeable electrochemical devices (or electrochemical storage) batteries and supercapacitors. The materials used in the electrodes are key components of lithium-ion batteries. Their nature depend battery performance in terms of mass and volume capacity, energy density, power, durability, safety, etc. This book deals with current and future positive and negative electrode materials covering aspects related to research new and better materials for future applications (related to renewable energy storage and transportation in particular), bringing light on the mechanisms of operation, aging and failure.
Book Synopsis Prospects For Li-ion Batteries And Emerging Energy Electrochemical Systems by : Laure Monconduit
Download or read book Prospects For Li-ion Batteries And Emerging Energy Electrochemical Systems written by Laure Monconduit and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-02-28 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Li-ion battery market is growing fast due to its ever increasing number of applications, from electric vehicles to portable devices. These devices are in demand due to safety reasons, energy efficiency, high power density and long life duration, which drive the need for more efficient electrochemical energy storage systems. The aim of this book is to provide the challenges and perspectives for Li-ion batteries (chapters 1 and 2), at the negative electrode as well as at the positive electrode, and for technologies beyond the Li-ion with the emerging Na-ion batteries and multivalent (Mg, Al, Ca, etc) systems (chapters 4 and 5). The aim is also to alert on the necessity to develop the recycling methods of the millions of produced batteries which are going to further flood our societies (chapter 3), and also to continuously increase the safety of the energy storage systems. For the latter challenge, it is interesting to seriously consider polymer electrolytes and batteries as an alternative (chapter 6).This book will take readers inside recent breakthroughs made in the electrochemical energy systems. It is a collaborative work of experts from the most known teams in the batteries field in Europe and beyond, from academics as well as from manufacturers.
Book Synopsis Advances in Lithium-Ion Batteries by : Walter van Schalkwijk
Download or read book Advances in Lithium-Ion Batteries written by Walter van Schalkwijk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the decade since the introduction of the first commercial lithium-ion battery research and development on virtually every aspect of the chemistry and engineering of these systems has proceeded at unprecedented levels. This book is a snapshot of the state-of-the-art and where the work is going in the near future. The book is intended not only for researchers, but also for engineers and users of lithium-ion batteries which are found in virtually every type of portable electronic product.
Book Synopsis A Study of Zn Electrode Operation in Alkaline Electrolytes by : Reed Wittman
Download or read book A Study of Zn Electrode Operation in Alkaline Electrolytes written by Reed Wittman and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently there has been growing interest in alternatives to Li-ion battery systems. Metal-air batteries are a considered a promising alternative. Zn-air systems possess a number of advantages over Li-based systems however face a number of challenges particularly at the negative Zn electrode. Dendrite growth, passivation and electrode shape change all lead to declining performance and ultimately failure of the cell. This study of Zn electrochemistry alkaline electrolytes was done using in situ electrochemical Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (ec-STEM) and Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM) to study fundamental processes during Zn deposition, dissolution and electrode passivation. Using ecS/TEM experiments to study Zn deposition a mechanism for Zn dendrite propagation during cycling via particle detachment during discharge steps was developed and proposed. This was also used to explain capacity fade during cells over long term cycling as detached particles are not able to contribute to the capacity of the cell. EQCM was used to study dissolution and passivation of Zn in 1, 4 and 8 M Potassium Hydroxide solutions. Native oxide layers were found to present in the solutions saturated with Zn(OH)42− [Zinc Tetrahydroxide] ions while the 4 and 8M solutions half saturated with Zn(OH)42− were found not to form an oxide layer and only corrosion of the Zn electrode occurred. Mechanisms of passivation was determined to shift with pH of the solution. At low concentrations of OH− [Hydroxide] in the solution an adsorption mechanism where passivating ZnO is formed directly on the species occurs. At high OH− concentrations the dissolution and precipitation mechanism of passivation occurs. At intermediate concentrations both participate in the passivation of the electrode. Indicating that researchers need to build their passivation management strategies based on the solution they are using. Finally carbon felts were studied for their potential as negative electrodes in a Zn-air flow battery. It was found that they exhibit high current densities at low overpotential, good cycling stability and lifetime. It was observed that IR drop in the felt determines where deposition occurs and flow conditions need to be optimized.
Book Synopsis Lithium Ion Rechargeable Batteries by : Kazunori Ozawa
Download or read book Lithium Ion Rechargeable Batteries written by Kazunori Ozawa and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting out with an introduction to the fundamentals of lithium ion batteries, this book begins by describing in detail the new materials for all four major uses as cathodes, anodes, separators, and electrolytes. It then goes on to address such critical issues as self-discharge and passivation effects, highlighting lithium ion diffusion and its profound effect on a battery's power density, life cycle and safety issues. The monograph concludes with a detailed chapter on lithium ion battery use in hybrid electric vehicles. Invaluable reading for materials scientists, electrochemists, physicists, and those working in the automobile and electrotechnical industries, as well as those working in computer hardware and the semiconductor industry.
Book Synopsis Lithium Metal Anodes and Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries by : Ji-Guang Zhang
Download or read book Lithium Metal Anodes and Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries written by Ji-Guang Zhang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-06 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive coverage of Lithium (Li) metal anodes for rechargeable batteries. Li is an ideal anode material for rechargeable batteries due to its extremely high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh g-1), low density (0.59 g cm-3), and the lowest negative electrochemical potential (−3.040 V vs. standard hydrogenelectrodes). Unfortunately, uncontrollable dendritic Li growth and limited Coulombic efficiency during Li deposition/stripping inherent in these batteries have prevented their practical applications over the past 40 years. With the emergence of post Liion batteries, safe and efficient operation of Li metal anodes has become an enabling technology which may determine the fate of several promising candidates for the next generation energy storage systems, including rechargeable Li-air batteries, Li-S batteries, and Li metal batteries which utilize intercalation compounds as cathodes. In this work, various factors that affect the morphology and Coulombic efficiency of Li anodes are analyzed. The authors also present the technologies utilized to characterize the morphology of Li deposition and the results obtained by modeling of Li dendrite growth. Finally, recent developments, especially the new approaches that enable safe and efficient operation of Li metal anodes at high current densities are reviewed. The urgent need and perspectives in this field are also discussed. The fundamental understanding and approaches presented in this work will be critical for the applicationof Li metal anodes. The general principles and approaches can also be used in other metal electrodes and general electrochemical deposition of metal films.
Book Synopsis Understanding Electronic Structure and Interfaces of Positive Electrodes for Lithium Ion Batteries by : Pinar Karayaylali
Download or read book Understanding Electronic Structure and Interfaces of Positive Electrodes for Lithium Ion Batteries written by Pinar Karayaylali and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium ion batteries are the currently the best commercial battery in the market and they are used as energy storage devices for mobile phones, laptops, and other portable electronic devices. This is due to their balance of high energy density with high power density compared to other electrochemical energy devices. Also, these days the automotive industry wants to use lithium ion batteries to electric vehicles to reduce the pollution and independence to oil. Although lithium ion batteries are currently one of the best energy storage devices, there is still an ample room for improvement. One of the key parameters to study is electrode/electrolyte interface of electrodes. EEI on the negative electrode, also known as Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) has the well-known structure with organic and inorganic compounds. Although EEI on negative electrodes is well known, it is not the case for positive electrodes. Numerous studies have been done on positive electrodes; however, there is still a need for systematic study of these interfaces on positive electrodes. This thesis is about understanding the reactivity and interactions of Li-ion battery positive electrode materials with the electrolyte. By understanding reactions at the EEI, we can develop a way to improve cycle life and safety of lithium ion batteries. To unambiguously pinpoint the electrode/electrolyte interface layers on different positive electrode materials, 100 % active materials are used as positive electrodes instead of composite electrodes.
Book Synopsis Inorganic Materials for the Negative Electrode of Lithium-ion Batteries by : Jose L. Tirado
Download or read book Inorganic Materials for the Negative Electrode of Lithium-ion Batteries written by Jose L. Tirado and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nano-sized Transition Metal Oxide Negative Electrode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries by : Mechthild Lübke
Download or read book Nano-sized Transition Metal Oxide Negative Electrode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries written by Mechthild Lübke and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechanisms and Consequences of SEI Failure in Advanced Li-ion Batteries by : Oliver C. Harris
Download or read book Mechanisms and Consequences of SEI Failure in Advanced Li-ion Batteries written by Oliver C. Harris and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accelerated capacity fade in high-voltage Li-ion batteries is attributed to crosstalk between the positive and negative electrodes causing parasitic reactions. Specifically, the concomitant electrolyte oxidation and transition metal dissolution (Mn, Ni and Co) from positive electrode active materials has been linked to capacity fade by disrupting the performance of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). In full-cell studies, the effects of electrolyte decomposition and metal dissolution on battery lifetime and coulombic efficiency are well-documented, however the precise nature of crosstalk species and the mechanisms of capacity fade remain to be understood. Fundamental understanding of the role of each metal in undermining SEI passivation is necessary to mitigate this degradation and to enable commercialization of high-energy Li-ion batteries. Here we present methods to detect and quantify the effects of electrode crosstalk using model battery systems. In one part of our work, we interrogate the effects of three dissolved transition metals (Mn, Ni, and Co) on charge-transfer through the SEI via an in-situ electrochemical characterization technique. We find that Mn-contamination is the most detrimental of the three metals, agreeing with the consensus in literature. In order to better understand why Mn is exceptional, we develop microkinetic models of charge-transfer mechanisms based on electron tunneling across the SEI and electrocatalytic metal cycling between redox states. Comparing experimental data to models of each mechanism indicates that reaction thermodynamics do not fully capture why Mn facilitates faster through-film charge-transfer than Ni or Co, but rather a mechanism based on faster metal reduction kinetics is the salient explanation of enhanced SEI degradation by Mn. Next, we develop a generator-collector approach to understanding battery crosstalk. Rotating-ring disk electrode (RRDE) voltammetry is employed to study the effects of metal dissolution from LNMO (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4) on SEI performance. The effects of metal contamination on SEI passivation are characterized via our redox mediator method and quantified using finite element simulations. We find that metal dissolution has a more profound impact on electronic than morphological SEI properties. Interpreting these results with physics-based models of SEI passivation imply that the inorganic layer is critical to passivation, while organic layers are inert at best. Lastly, we consider ongoing experiments and recent literature reports to rationalize a critical path forward for understanding and preventing metal contamination of the SEI.
Book Synopsis Secondary Aerospace Batteries and Battery Materials by : G. Halpert
Download or read book Secondary Aerospace Batteries and Battery Materials written by G. Halpert and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization and Analysis of Lithium Plating on Silicon/graphite Negative Electrodes in Lithium Ion Batteries by : Marius Flügel
Download or read book Characterization and Analysis of Lithium Plating on Silicon/graphite Negative Electrodes in Lithium Ion Batteries written by Marius Flügel and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Study of Electrodeposited Negative Electrodes for Lithium-ion Batteries with an Emphasis on Combinatorial Electrodeposition by : Shane D. Beattie
Download or read book A Study of Electrodeposited Negative Electrodes for Lithium-ion Batteries with an Emphasis on Combinatorial Electrodeposition written by Shane D. Beattie and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nanostructured Transition Metal Oxides as Negative Electrode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries by : Wenlei Xu
Download or read book Nanostructured Transition Metal Oxides as Negative Electrode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries written by Wenlei Xu and published by . This book was released on 2022* with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electrolyte Analytical Investigation as a Suitable Approach for Studying Li-ion Battery Formation Process by : Huikyong Kim
Download or read book Electrolyte Analytical Investigation as a Suitable Approach for Studying Li-ion Battery Formation Process written by Huikyong Kim and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interphase between the negative electrode and the electrolyte in Li-ion batteries, called SEI, is essentiel for the good cycle-life performance. Numerous studies are dedicated on a better knowledge of its composition, in the hope that it would give information on its properties, but the relationship between the two is still unclear. This is why the formation step of batteries, an industrial process that is meant to form a SEI of high quality, is optimized empirically. This study starts with the development of an analytical method that allows clear evaluation of the passivation property of the SEI layer. The probe molecule that was selected and essentially detectable through GC/MS enables to follow the passivation property/stability evolution during the first charge/discharge. This method is then applied to different parameters that can be found in the formation process, such as the electrolyte composition - influence of linear carbonates and SEI-reinforcing additives -, temperature, Carbon black content in the electrode and calendaring at a pre-charged state. This evaluation is conducted from lab-scale to industrial-scale cells, and it is completed with other characterization tools such as FTIR, microscopy and impedance spectroscopy.
Book Synopsis Nano-sized Transition Metal Oxide Negative Electrode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries by : Mechthild Lubke
Download or read book Nano-sized Transition Metal Oxide Negative Electrode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries written by Mechthild Lubke and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
