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Paradoxes Of Belief And Strategic Rationality
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Book Synopsis Paradoxes of Belief and Strategic Rationality by : Robert C. Koons
Download or read book Paradoxes of Belief and Strategic Rationality written by Robert C. Koons and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-01-29 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to develop a framework for analyzing strategic rationality, a notion central to contemporary game theory, which is the formal study of the interaction of rational agents, and which has proved extremely fruitful in economics, political theory, and business management. The author argues that a logical paradox (known since antiquity as "the Liar paradox") lies at the root of a number of persistent puzzles in game theory, in particular those concerning rational agents who seek to establish some kind of reputation. Building on the work of Parsons, Burge, Gaifman, and Barwise and Etchemendy, Robert Koons constructs a context-sensitive solution to the whole family of Liar-like paradoxes, including, for the first time, a detailed account of how the interpretation of paradoxial statements is fixed by context. This analysis provides a new understanding of how the rational agent model can account for the emergence of rules, practices, and institutions.
Book Synopsis Paradoxes of Belief and Strategic Rationality by : Robert C. Koons
Download or read book Paradoxes of Belief and Strategic Rationality written by Robert C. Koons and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992-01-31 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author argues that a logical paradox lies at the root of a number of persistent puzzles in game theory, in particular those concerning rational agents who seek to establish some kind of reputation. This analysis provides an understanding of how the rational agent model can account for the emergence of rules, practices and institutions.
Book Synopsis Paradox and Belief by : Michael Caie
Download or read book Paradox and Belief written by Michael Caie and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a fairly high level of abstraction, this work is about some ways in which questions about the correct treatment of the semantic paradoxes and questions about the principles of rationality governing doxastic states can be mutually illuminating. In the first part of the dissertation, I argue that certain treatments of the semantic paradoxes lead to surprising conclusions about the nature of the doxastic states of rational agents. The semantic paradoxes, such as the liar paradox, provide us with good reason to take seriously various non-classical logics. In addition to the semantic paradoxes, there are also paradoxes that show that some extremely plausible principles of rationality governing doxastic states are inconsistent given classical logic. I show how various non-classical responses to the semantic paradoxes provide us with resources sufficient to resolve these paradoxes. In particular, if we allow that certain statements about an agent's doxastic state, e.g., statements about whether an agent believes a proposition P, may give rise to certain failures of classical logic, then we can hold on to all of our plausible principles of doxastic rationality. I use this fact to argue for the conditional claim that if one is inclined to reject classical logic in response to the liar paradox, then one should allow that statements about an agent's doxastic state may also give rise to failures of classical logic. Since the antecedent of the conditional is reasonable, and the consequent surprising, the conditional is of interest. In the second part of the dissertation, I argue that attention to questions about the nature of doxastic rationality can provide us with important insights into the correct treatment of the semantic paradoxes. For any non-classical response to the semantic paradoxes, an important question that arises is: what exactly is the cognitive significance of the non-classical semantic statuses employed by the theory? I argue that our earlier reflections on the normative paradoxes show that the standard ways of answering this question are wrong. Given standard accounts of the cognitive significance of non-classical semantic statuses, we can resurrect our normative paradoxes. What this means is that the standard accounts of non-classical cognitive significance are in conflict with certain fundamental principles of doxastic rationality. I argue that in order to reconcile the account of non-classical cognitive significance with these principles we need to say that the correct rational response to paradoxical propositions, such as that expressed by the liar sentence, is for there to be a mirroring non-classicality in one's doxastic state. A rational agent, then, will be such that the claim that it believes the proposition expressed by the liar sentence will have the same non-classical status as the proposition expressed by the liar sentence. What emerges is a new picture of the significance of non-classical treatments of the semantic paradoxes.
Book Synopsis Paradoxes and Inconsistencies in the Law by : Oren Perez
Download or read book Paradoxes and Inconsistencies in the Law written by Oren Perez and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2005-12-13 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is law paradoxical? This book seeks to unravel the riddle of legal paradoxes. It focuses on two main questions: the nature of legal paradoxes, and their social ramifications. In exploring the structure of legal paradoxes, the book focuses both on generic paradoxes, such as those associated with the self-referential character of legal validity and the endemic incoherence of legal discourse, and on paradoxes that permeate more restricted fields of law, such as contract law, euthanasia, and human rights (the prohibition of torture). The discussion of the social effects of legal paradoxes focuses on the role of paradoxes as drivers of legal change, and explores the institutional mechanisms that ensure the stability of the law, in spite of its paradoxical makeup. The essays in the book discuss these questions from various perspectives, invoking insights from philosophy, systems theory, deconstruction and economics.
Book Synopsis Rationality and Coordination by : Cristina Bicchieri
Download or read book Rationality and Coordination written by Cristina Bicchieri and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1997-03-28 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: . This major new book will be of particular interest not only to philosophers but to decision theorists, political scientists, economists, and researchers in artificial intelligence.
Book Synopsis Reflections on the Liar by : Bradley Armour-Garb
Download or read book Reflections on the Liar written by Bradley Armour-Garb and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-23 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years there have been a number of books-both anthologies and monographs-that have focused on the Liar Paradox and, more generally, on the semantic paradoxes, either offering proposed treatments to those paradoxes or critically evaluating ones that occupy logical space. At the same time, there are a number of people who do great work in philosophy, who have various semantic, logical, metaphysical and/or epistemological commitments that suggest that they should say something about the Liar Paradox, yet who have said very little, if anything, about that paradox or about the extant projects involving it. The purpose of this volume is to afford those philosophers the opportunity to address what might be described as reflections on the Liar.
Book Synopsis Interpreting Probability by : David Howie
Download or read book Interpreting Probability written by David Howie and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-08-08 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term probability can be used in two main senses. In the frequency interpretation it is a limiting ratio in a sequence of repeatable events. In the Bayesian view, probability is a mental construct representing uncertainty. This 2002 book is about these two types of probability and investigates how, despite being adopted by scientists and statisticians in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Bayesianism was discredited as a theory of scientific inference during the 1920s and 1930s. Through the examination of a dispute between two British scientists, the author argues that a choice between the two interpretations is not forced by pure logic or the mathematics of the situation, but depends on the experiences and aims of the individuals involved. The book should be of interest to students and scientists interested in statistics and probability theories and to general readers with an interest in the history, sociology and philosophy of science.
Book Synopsis The Foundations of Causal Decision Theory by : James M. Joyce
Download or read book The Foundations of Causal Decision Theory written by James M. Joyce and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-04-13 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book also contains a major new discussion of what it means to suppose that some event occurs or that some proposition is true.
Book Synopsis Causal Asymmetries by : Daniel M. Hausman
Download or read book Causal Asymmetries written by Daniel M. Hausman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-07-28 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, by one of the pre-eminent philosophers of science writing today, offers the most comprehensive account available of causal asymmetries. Causation is asymmetrical in many different ways. Causes precede effects; explanations cite causes not effects. Agents use causes to manipulate their effects; they don't use effects to manipulate their causes. Effects of a common cause are correlated; causes of a common effect are not. This book explains why a relationship that is asymmetrical in one of these regards is asymmetrical in the others. Hausman discovers surprising hidden connections between theories of causation and traces them all to an asymmetry of independence. This is a major book for philosophers of science that will also prove insightful to economists and statisticians.
Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy of Religion by : Graham Oppy
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy of Religion written by Graham Oppy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosophy of religion has experienced a renaissance in recent times, paralleling the resurgence in public debate about the place and value of religion in contemporary Western societies. The Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy of Religion is an outstanding reference source to the key topics, problems and debates in this exciting subject. Comprising over thirty chapters by a team of international contributors, the Handbook is divided into seven parts: theoretical orientations conceptions of divinity epistemology of religious belief metaphysics and religious language religion and politics religion and ethics religion and scientific scrutiny. Within these sections central issues, debates and problems are examined, including: religious experience, religion and superstition, realism and anti-realism, scientific interpretation of religious texts, feminist approaches to religion, religion in the public square, tolerance, religion and meta-ethics, religion and cognitive science, and the meaning of life. Together, they offer readers an informed understanding of the current state of play in the liveliest areas of contemporary philosophy of religion. The Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy of Religion is essential reading for students and researchers of philosophy of religion from across the Humanities and Social Sciences.
Book Synopsis The Blackwell Companion to Substance Dualism by : Jonathan J. Loose
Download or read book The Blackwell Companion to Substance Dualism written by Jonathan J. Loose and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-05-01 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking collection of contemporary essays from leading international scholars that provides a balanced and expert account of the resurgent debate about substance dualism and its physicalist alternatives. Substance dualism has for some time been dismissed as an archaic and defeated position in philosophy of mind, but in recent years, the topic has experienced a resurgence of scholarly interest and has been restored to contemporary prominence by a growing minority of philosophers prepared to interrogate the core principles upon which past objections and misunderstandings rest. As the first book of its kind to bring together a collection of contemporary writing from top proponents and critics in a pro-contra format, The Blackwell Companion to Substance Dualism captures this ongoing dialogue and sets the stage for rigorous and lively discourse around dualist and physicalist accounts of human persons in philosophy. Chapters explore emergent, Thomistic, Cartesian, and other forms of substance dualism—broadly conceived—in dialogue with leading varieties of physicalism, including animalism, non-reductive physicalism, and constitution theory. Loose, Menuge, and Moreland pair essays from dualist advocates with astute criticism from physicalist opponents and vice versa, highlighting points of contrast for readers in thematic sections while showcasing today’s leading minds engaged in direct debate. Taken together, essays provide nuanced paths of introduction for students, and capture the imagination of professional philosophers looking to expand their understanding of the subject. Skillfully curated and in touch with contemporary science as well as analytic theology, The Blackwell Companion to Substance Dualism strikes a measured balanced between advocacy and criticism, and is a first-rate resource for researchers, scholars, and students of philosophy, theology, and neuroscience.
Book Synopsis The Significance of Free Will by : Robert Kane
Download or read book The Significance of Free Will written by Robert Kane and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1998-10-01 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robert Kane provides a critical overview of debates about free will of the past half century, relating this recent inquiry to the broader history of the free will issue and to vital currents of twentieth century thought. Kane also defends a traditional libertarian or incompatibilist view of free will (one that insists upon the incompatibility of free will and determinism), employing arguments that are both new to philosophy and that respond to contemporary developments in physics and biology, neuro science, and the cognitive and behavioral sciences.
Book Synopsis Neo-Aristotelian Perspectives on Contemporary Science by : William M.R. Simpson
Download or read book Neo-Aristotelian Perspectives on Contemporary Science written by William M.R. Simpson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last two decades have seen two significant trends emerging within the philosophy of science: the rapid development and focus on the philosophy of the specialised sciences, and a resurgence of Aristotelian metaphysics, much of which is concerned with the possibility of emergence, as well as the ontological status and indispensability of dispositions and powers in science. Despite these recent trends, few Aristotelian metaphysicians have engaged directly with the philosophy of the specialised sciences. Additionally, the relationship between fundamental Aristotelian concepts—such as "hylomorphism", "substance", and "faculties"—and contemporary science has yet to receive a critical and systematic treatment. Neo-Aristotelian Perspectives on Contemporary Science aims to fill this gap in the literature by bringing together essays on the relationship between Aristotelianism and science that cut across interdisciplinary boundaries. The chapters in this volume are divided into two main sections covering the philosophy of physics and the philosophy of the life sciences. Featuring original contributions from distinguished and early-career scholars, this book will be of interest to specialists in analytical metaphysics and the philosophy of science.
Book Synopsis Realism Regained by : Robert C. Koons
Download or read book Realism Regained written by Robert C. Koons and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-11-16 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this wide-ranging philosophical work, Koons takes on two powerful dogmas--anti-realism and materialism. In doing so, Koons develops an elegant metaphysical system that accounts for such phenomena as information, mental representation, our knowledge of logic, mathematics and science, the structure of spacetime, the identity of physical objects, and the objectivity of values and moral norms.
Book Synopsis Reason, Revelation, and the Civic Order by : Carson Holloway
Download or read book Reason, Revelation, and the Civic Order written by Carson Holloway and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-14 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the dominant approaches to the current study of political philosophy are various, with some friendlier to religious belief than others, almost all place constraints on the philosophic and political role of revelation. Mainstream secular political theorists do not entirely disregard religion. But to the extent that they pay attention, their treatment of religious belief is seen more as a political or philosophic problem to be addressed rather than as a positive body of thought from which we might derive important insights about the nature of politics and the truth of the human condition. In a one-of-a-kind collection, DeHart and Holloway bring together leading scholars from various fields, including political science, philosophy, and theology, to challenge the prevailing orthodoxy and to demonstrate the role that religion can and does play in political life. Contributing authors include such important thinkers as Peter Augustine Lawler, Robert C. Koons, J. Budziszewski, Francis J. Beckwith, and James Stoner.
Book Synopsis Probability and the Art of Judgment by : Richard C. Jeffrey
Download or read book Probability and the Art of Judgment written by Richard C. Jeffrey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992-03-27 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spanning a period of 35 years, this collection of essays includes some of the classic works of one of the most distinquished and influential philosophers working in the field of decision theory and the theory of knowledge.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Free Will by : Robert Kane
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Free Will written by Robert Kane and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2005 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive reference work that provides an exhaustive guide to scholarship on the perennial problem of free will.
