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Overview Of Calorimetric Assay Of Plutonium In The United States
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Book Synopsis OVERVIEW OF CALORIMETRIC ASSAY OF PLUTONIUM IN THE UNITED STATES. by :
Download or read book OVERVIEW OF CALORIMETRIC ASSAY OF PLUTONIUM IN THE UNITED STATES. written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calorimetry is a primary measurement technique for assay of quantities of plutonium in the United States. It is the most accurate NDA technique for many forms of plutonium-bearing materials. This paper provides an overview of the use of calorimetry in combination with high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy for accurate plutonium mass determinations.
Book Synopsis Calorimetric Assay Of Plutonium by :
Download or read book Calorimetric Assay Of Plutonium written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes procedures for applying calorimetry for the control and accounting of plutonium. These procedures will be useful in establishing a measurement program to fulfill the regulatory requirements.
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of the Use of Calorimetry for Shipper-receiver Measurements of Plutonium by : W. W. Rodenburg
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Use of Calorimetry for Shipper-receiver Measurements of Plutonium written by W. W. Rodenburg and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Calorimetric Determination of the Energy Produced by Plutonium-239 by : J. W. Stout
Download or read book A Calorimetric Determination of the Energy Produced by Plutonium-239 written by J. W. Stout and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Symposium on the Calorimetric Assay of Plutonium, October 24-25, 1973 by : W. W. Strohm
Download or read book Proceedings of the Symposium on the Calorimetric Assay of Plutonium, October 24-25, 1973 written by W. W. Strohm and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Symposium on the Calorimetric Assay of Plutonium by : W.W. Strohm
Download or read book Proceedings of the Symposium on the Calorimetric Assay of Plutonium written by W.W. Strohm and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Performance Testing of a Large Volume Calorimeter by :
Download or read book Performance Testing of a Large Volume Calorimeter written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calorimetry is used as a nondestructive assay technique for determining the power output of heat-producing nuclear materials. Calorimetric assay of plutonium-bearing and tritium items routinely obtains the highest precision and accuracy of all nondestructive assay (NDA) techniques, and the power calibration can be traceable to National Institute of Standards and Technology through certified electrical standards. Because the heat-measurement result is completely independent of material and matrix type, it can be reliably used on any material form or item matrix. The calorimetry measurement is combined with isotopic composition information to determine the correct plutonium content of an item. When an item is unsuitable for neutron or gamma-ray NDA, calorimetric assay is used. Currently, the largest calorimeter capable of measuring plutonium-bearing or tritium items is 36 cm in diameter and 61 cm long. Fabrication of a high-sensitivity large volume calorimeter (LVC) capable of measuring tritium and plutonium-bearing items in 208-1 (55-gal) shipping or storage containers has provided a reliable NDA method to measure many difficult to measure forms of plutonium and tritium more accurately. This large calo rimeter can also be used to make secondary working standards from process material for the calibration of faster NDA assay techniques. The footprint of the calorimeter is 104 cm wide by 157 cm deep and 196 cm high in the closed position. The space for a standard electronics rack is also necessary for the operation of the calo rimeter. The maximum item size that can be measured in the LVC is 62 cm in diameter and 100 cm long. The extensive use of heat-flow calorimeters for safeguards-related measurements at DOE facilities makes it important to extend the capability of calorimetric assay of plutonium and tritium items to larger container sizes. Measurement times, precision, measurement threshold, and position sensitivity of the instrument will be discussed.
Book Synopsis Use of Calorimetric Assay for Operational and Accountability Measurements of Pure Plutonium Metal by :
Download or read book Use of Calorimetric Assay for Operational and Accountability Measurements of Pure Plutonium Metal written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plutonium pure metal products (PMP) are high purity plutonium metal items produced by electrorefining. The plutonium metal is produced as an approximately 3-kg ring. Accountability measurements for the electro-refining runs are typically balance/weight factor (incoming impure metal), chemistry (pure metal rings), and calorimetric assay or neutron counting of the crucibles and other wastes. The PMP items are qualified for their end use by extensive chemical assay. After PMP materials are made they are often sent to the vault for storage before being sent to the casting process, the next step in the production chain. The chemical assay of PMP items often takes a few weeks; however, before the metal items are allowed into the vault they must be measured. Non-destructive assay personnel measure the metals either by multiplicity neutron counting or calorimetric assay, depending on which instrument is available, thus generating comparisons between non-destructive assay and chemical assay. The suite of measurements, calorimetric assay, chemical assay, and neutron mUltiplicity counting is compared for a large group of PMP items.
Book Synopsis Traceability of the Nondestructive Assay of Plutonium Using Calorimetry for Measurement Control by :
Download or read book Traceability of the Nondestructive Assay of Plutonium Using Calorimetry for Measurement Control written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calorimetry provides a method to establish the traceability of the nondestructive assay (NDA) of plutonium utilizing the traceability of calorimetric assay and its relative insensitivity to sample matrix. Efforts at Mound Laboratory to establish the traceability of the calorimetric assay of plutonium are described. Results from the Plutonium Metal Exchange Program and a calibration alternatives experiment are the basis for determining the bias between calorimetric assay and chemical assay. The probable cause of the bias is identified. Current uses of calorimetric assay for NDA measurement control and extension of calorimetry to dynamic calibration of NDA are discussed.
Book Synopsis Calorimetric Assay of Plutonium by : W.W. Strohm
Download or read book Calorimetric Assay of Plutonium written by W.W. Strohm and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Symposium on the Calorimetric Assay of Plutonium, Oct. 24-25, 1973, Mound Laboratory, Miamisurg, Ohio by : W. W. Strohm
Download or read book Proceedings of the Symposium on the Calorimetric Assay of Plutonium, Oct. 24-25, 1973, Mound Laboratory, Miamisurg, Ohio written by W. W. Strohm and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis CALORIMETER-BASED ADJUSTMENT OF MULTIPLICITY DETERMINED 240PU EFF KNOWN-A ANALYSIS FOR THE ASSAY OF PLUTONIUM. by :
Download or read book CALORIMETER-BASED ADJUSTMENT OF MULTIPLICITY DETERMINED 240PU EFF KNOWN-A ANALYSIS FOR THE ASSAY OF PLUTONIUM. written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In nuclear material processing facilities, it is often necessary to balance the competing demands of accuracy and throughput. While passive neutron multiplicity counting is the preferred method for relatively fast assays of plutonium, the presence of low-Z impurities (fluorine, beryllium, etc.) rapidly erodes the assay precision of passive neutron counting techniques, frequently resulting in unacceptably large total measurement uncertainties. Conversely, while calorimeters are immune to these impurity effects, the long count times required for high accuracy can be a hindrance to efficiency. The higher uncertainties in passive neutron measurements of impure material are driven by the resulting large (”2)?-values, defined as the (?, n):spontaneous fission neutron emission ratio. To counter impurity impacts for high-? materials, a known-? approach may be adopted. In this method,? is determined for a single item using a combination of gamma-ray and calorimetric measurements. Because calorimetry is based on heat output, rather than a statistical distribution of emitted neutrons, an?-value determined in this way is far more accurate than one determined from passive neutron counts. This fixed? value can be used in conventional multiplicity analysis for any plutonium-bearing item having the same chemical composition and isotopic distribution as the original. With the results of single calorimeter/passive neutron/gamma-ray measurement, these subsequent items can then be assayed with high precision and accuracy in a relatively short time, despite the presence of impurities. A calorimeter-based known-? multiplicity analysis technique is especially useful when requiring rapid, high accuracy, high precision measurements of multiple plutonium bearing items having a common source. The technique has therefore found numerous applications at the Savannah River Site. In each case, a plutonium (or mixed U/Pu) bearing item is divided into multiple containers. A single item from that batch is then selected for both neutron and calorimetric measurements; all remaining items undergo a neutron measurement only. Using the technique mentioned above, the 'true'? value determined from the first (calorimeter and passive neutron measured) item is used in multiplicity analysis for all other items in the batch. The justification for using this? value in subsequent calculations is the assumption that the chemical composition and isotopic distribution of all batch items are the same, giving a constant (?, n):spontaneous fission ratio. This analysis method has been successfully applied to the KIS Facility, significantly improving measurement uncertainties and reducing processing times for numerous items. Comprehensive plans were later developed to extend the use of this method to other applications, including the K-Area Shuffler and the H-Area Pu-Blending Project. While only the feasibility study for the Shuffler has been completed, implementation of the method in the H-Area Pu-Blending Project is currently in progress and has been successfully applied to multiple items. This report serves to document the details of this method in order to serve as a reference for future applications. Also contained herein are specific examples of the application of known-? multiplicity analysis.
Book Synopsis American National Standard Calibration Techniques for the Calorimetric Assay of Plutonium-bearing Solids Applied to Nuclear Materials Control by : American National Standards Institute
Download or read book American National Standard Calibration Techniques for the Calorimetric Assay of Plutonium-bearing Solids Applied to Nuclear Materials Control written by American National Standards Institute and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Operating Experience with a Large Sample, High Throughput, Plutonium Assay Calorimeter System by :
Download or read book Operating Experience with a Large Sample, High Throughput, Plutonium Assay Calorimeter System written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Calorimetric Assay of Reactor Grade PuO2 by :
Download or read book Calorimetric Assay of Reactor Grade PuO2 written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes an experiment to estimate random and systematic errors in determining the effective specific power of plutonium. Precisons and accuracies comparable to coulometric assay were demonstrated for a wide range of plutonium isotopic compositions. Thus, calorimetric assay can provide an effective method for plutonium assay of materials in the nuclear fuel cycle.
Book Synopsis CALORIMETRY FOR SAFEGUARDS PURPOSES. DETERMINATION OF PLUTONIUM IN REACTOR FEED MATERIAL. by :
Download or read book CALORIMETRY FOR SAFEGUARDS PURPOSES. DETERMINATION OF PLUTONIUM IN REACTOR FEED MATERIAL. written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measurement of Plutonium and Americium in Molten Salt Residues by :
Download or read book Measurement of Plutonium and Americium in Molten Salt Residues written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The measurement of plutonium and americium in molten salt residues using a segmented gamma-ray scanning device is described. This system was calibrated using artificially fabricated as well as process generated samples. All samples were calorimetered and the americium to plutonium content of the samples determined by gamma-ray spectroscopy. For the nine samples calorimetered thus far, no significant biases are present in the comparison of the segmented gamma-ray assay and the calorimetric assay. Estimated errors are of the order of 10 percent and is dependent on the americium to plutonium ratio determination.
