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Overindebtedness In Microfinance
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Book Synopsis Microfinance, Debt and Over-Indebtedness by : Isabelle Guérin
Download or read book Microfinance, Debt and Over-Indebtedness written by Isabelle Guérin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-15 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although microcredit programmes have long been considered efficient development tools, many forms of debt-induced distress have emerged in their wake. This has brought to light the problem of over-indebtedness, a topic which has been previously underexplored in the literature. This new book, from a group of leading scholars, explores the manifestations, scale, and economic and social implications of household over-indebtedness in areas conventionally considered as financially excluded. The book approaches debt not only as a financial transaction, but also as a form of social bond, and offers a socioeconomic analysis of over-indebtedness. The volume puts forward a broad definition of over-indebtedness, highlighting its situational and semantic complexity and diversity. It provides a close analysis of local conceptions of debt and over-indebtedness, highlighting frameworks of calculation and the constant renegotiation of their boundaries. On top of this, it looks far beyond microcredit to examine all the financial practices that individuals juggle. The volume argues that over-indebtedness has more to do with social inequalities than financial illiteracy, and should therefore be understood in the light of global trends of financialization. It also reveals the ambiguity of "financial inclusion" policies, and in many respects questions the actions of new credit providers. This book will be valuable reading for students, researchers and policy makers interested in microfinance and development issues.
Book Synopsis Overindebtedness in Microfinance by : Cosmin Olteanu
Download or read book Overindebtedness in Microfinance written by Cosmin Olteanu and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-09-14 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2011 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Middle- and South America, grade: 5.75/6.00, University of Geneva (GRADUATE INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES ), course: Overindebtedness in microfinance, language: English, abstract: Originally celebrated as a poverty alleviation tool which is financially sustainable, microfinance is experiencing worrying developments, such as deterioration of loan portfolios, growing commercialization and increasing public criticism due to exaggerated profits. Overindebtedness is one of the most worrying trends, as it has negative effects on the loan beneficiaries and in the same time it threatens the very existence of the sector. This field research analyses from an empirical perspective the causes and effects of overindebtedness in the specific case of the clientele of Financiera CREAR Arequipa S.A. in Lima Norte, Peru. It was found that overindebtedness is generated by a mix of causes related to the increased competition between microfinance institutions and to the specific behaviours of clients confronted with an abundant credit offer. This produces a series of effects at institutional and client levels, which can be described as institutional cannibalization, client forced‐feeding, desperate borrowing and loan bicycling.
Download or read book Due Diligence written by David Roodman and published by CGD Books. This book was released on 2012 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea that small loans can help poor families build businesses and exit poverty has blossomed into a global movement. The concept has captured the public imagination, drawn in billions of dollars, reached millions of customers, and garnered a Nobel Prize. Radical in its suggestion that the poor are creditworthy and conservative in its insistence on individual accountability, the idea has expanded beyond credit into savings, insurance, and money transfers, earning the name microfinance. But is it the boon so many think it is? Readers of David Roodman's openbook blog will immediately recognize his thorough, straightforward, and trenchant analysis. Due Diligence, written entirely in public with input from readers, probes the truth about microfinance to guide governments, foundations, investors, and private citizens who support financial services for poor people. In particular, it explains the need to deemphasize microcredit in favor of other financial services for the poor.
Book Synopsis The Crises of Microcredit by : Isabelle Guérin
Download or read book The Crises of Microcredit written by Isabelle Guérin and published by Zed Books Ltd.. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microcredit programmes, long considered efficient development tools, now face unprecedented crises in a number of countries. Is this the end of microcredit or rather an essential step in its expansion? Should we stop microcredit altogether or rethink the way it is implemented? Drawing on extensive empirical research conducted in various parts of the world - from Morocco to Senegal to India - this important volume examines the whole chain of microcredit to provide the answers to these questions. In doing so, the authors highlight the diversity of crises, both in intensity and in nature, while also shedding light on a diversity of causes, be it microcredit organizations unprepared for massive growth, saturated local economies or greedy investors and shareholders attracted by profits. Crucially, the authors demonstrate that microcredit is not a monolithic project, and the crises should also be analysed in the light of national histories and policies. An original and necessary intervention in what has become one of the most contentious topics within the development world.
Book Synopsis School Meals, Educational Achievement, and School Competition by : Christel Vermeersch
Download or read book School Meals, Educational Achievement, and School Competition written by Christel Vermeersch and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vermeersch and Kremer examine the effects of subsidized school meals on school participation, educational achievement, and school finance in a developing country setting. They use data from a program that was implemented in 25 randomly chosen preschools in a pool of 50. Children's school participation was 30 percent higher in the treatment group than in the comparison group. The meals program led to higher curriculum test scores, but only in schools where the teacher was relatively experienced prior to the program. The school meals displaced teaching time and led to larger class sizes. Despite improved incentives, teacher absenteeism remained at a high level of 30 percent. Treatment schools raised their fees, and comparison schools close to treatment schools decreased their fees. Some of the price effects are caused by a combination of capacity constraints and pupil transfers that would not happen if the school meals were ordered in all schools. The intention-to-treat estimator of the effect of the randomized program incorporates those price effects, and therefore it should be considered a lower bound on the effect of generalized school meals. This insight on price effects generalizes to other randomized program evaluations. This paper--a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management 2, Africa Technical Families--is part of a larger effort in the region to increase our understanding of the impact of programs aimed at reaching the Millennium Development Goals.
Book Synopsis Small Money Big Impact by : Peter A. Fanconi
Download or read book Small Money Big Impact written by Peter A. Fanconi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-05-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Make your money make a difference—and enjoy attractive returns Small Money, Big Impact explores and explains the globally growing importance of impact investing. Today, the investor's perspective has become as important as the actual social impact. Based on their experience with over 25 million micro borrowers, the authors delve into the mechanics, considerations, data and strategies that make microloans and impact investing an attractive asset class. From the World Bank to the individual investor, impact investing is attracting more and more attention. Impact investing is a global megatrend and is reshaping the way people invest as pension funds, insurance companies, foundations, family offices and private investors jump on board. This book explains for the first time how it works, why it works and what you should know if you're ready to help change the world. Impact investing has proven over the last 20 years as the first-line offense against crushing poverty. Over two billion people still lack access to basic financial services, which are essential for improving their livelihood. Investors have experienced not only social and environmental impact, but have received attractive, stable and uncorrelated returns for over 15 years. This guide provides the latest insights and methodologies that help you reap the rewards of investing in humanity. Explore the global impact investing phenomenon Learn how microloans work, and how they make a difference Discover why investors are increasingly leaning into impact investing Consider the factors that inform impact investing decisions Part social movement and part financial strategy, impact investing offers the unique opportunity for investors to power tremendous change with a small amount of money— expanding their portfolios as they expand their own global impact. Microfinance allows investors at any level to step in where banks refuse to tread, offering opportunity to those who need it most. Small Money, Big Impact provides the expert guidance you need to optimize the impact on your portfolio and the world.
Book Synopsis The Poor Always Pay Back by : Asif Dowla
Download or read book The Poor Always Pay Back written by Asif Dowla and published by Kumarian Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The success of Grameen Bank and the microcredit movement as a whole has proved the credit worthiness of the poor beyond question. Grameen II shows that the poor, given the opportunity, will save a great deal and will always pay back
Book Synopsis Microfinance, Incentives to Repay, and Overindebtedness by : Adrian Gonzalez
Download or read book Microfinance, Incentives to Repay, and Overindebtedness written by Adrian Gonzalez and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The superior repayment performance of the clients of microfinance institutions - when contrasted with banks - and the robustness of this repayment behavior during periods of severe systemic shocks have attracted much speculation. This dissertation formally addresses these issues, by exploring the relationships between overindebtedness and alternative lending technologies and contract designs. Data for 1997-2001, from a household survey taken during the overindebtedness episode of the Bolivian financial sector, are used to test the hypotheses. Overindebtedness is an outcome of a loan contract that does not correspond to the original expectations of the borrower, the lender, or both. Repayment difficulties may result from unwillingness to repay, inability to repay, or actual repayment only after extraordinary capacity is generated through costly actions. Costly actions reflect efforts or outcomes beyond what the borrower had planned at the time of contract. Any credit relationship characterized by willingness and ability to repay without exceptional cost implies the absence of overindebtedness. Overindebtedness may result from the opportunistic behavior of lenders, the opportunistic behavior of borrowers, unexpected adverse systemic shocks, or limitations of the lending technologies in forecasting ordinary repayment capacity. The dissertation builds a conceptual framework for the analysis of overindebtedness among microfinance borrowers. The model considers the intertemporal choices of different types of borrowers - when faced with unexpected adverse shocks and the need to reassess their repayment options - guided by the value of relationships characterized by different contract terms and the opportunity costs of the extra efforts required. The dissertation establishes a previously unidentified link between a high degree of extraordinary repayment capacity (both extraordinary willingness and extraordinary ability to repay) and the high repayment rates observed among MFIs. These rates are explained both by the ability to elicit strong incentives to repay and the opportunities these households have to generate extraordinary ability to repay. Thus, given similar ability across lenders to induce ordinary repayment capacity, the strength of microfinance lending technologies comes from their ability to create incentives for the borrower to engage in extraordinary costly actions and their capacity to identify households with a high probability of success at generating extraordinary ability to repay.
Download or read book Microfinance 3.0 written by Doris Köhn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-02 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the achievements, current trends and further potential of microfinance to scale-up and serve many more clients with financial services that enable them to improve their living conditions. The book asks what it takes to achieve sustainable impact: to know your clients and to understand their needs, to treat them in a fair and transparent way, and to safeguard the synthesis between the financial and social dimension of sustainable microfinance. The book also sheds light on the future funding landscape and what is necessary to bring more commercial funders on board while ensuring that these new funders will continue the commitment to responsible finance. While being forward looking, the book reflects the debate on core values of microfinance, triggered by recent criticisms of an approach that was hailed as a panacea in the beginning and which had proved over time as one of the most effective models of development finance. These criticisms emerged over signs of overheating in some markets, particularly the 2010 events in Andhra Pradesh, and turned into an assumption of a worldwide microfinance crisis, putting seriously at stake the good reputation microfinance had enjoyed so far.
Book Synopsis Microfinance and Its Discontents by : Lamia Karim
Download or read book Microfinance and Its Discontents written by Lamia Karim and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first feminist critique of the much-lauded microcredit process in Bangladesh.
Book Synopsis Confessions of a Microfinance Heretic by : Hugh Sinclair
Download or read book Confessions of a Microfinance Heretic written by Hugh Sinclair and published by Berrett-Koehler Publishers. This book was released on 2012-07-09 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microfinance insider Hugh Sinclair weaves a shocking tale of an industry focused on maximizing profits and plagued by predatory lending practices, scandals, cover-ups and corruption.
Book Synopsis Determinants of Over-Indebtedness in Microfinance by : Sunil Puliyakot
Download or read book Determinants of Over-Indebtedness in Microfinance written by Sunil Puliyakot and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper we have analyzed borrower over-indebtedness in microfinance, using multiple financial ratio based measures representing different facets of borrower-over-indebtedness namely, liquidity, debt absorption capacity and solvency of the borrowing household. Our data shows that the incidence of borrower over-indebtedness in microfinance is fairly wide spread. We perform the analysis by categorizing the determinants of over-indebtedness broadly into external, lender related, borrower related and demographic factors using logistic regression framework. We find that external, lender related and demographic factors exert relatively stronger influence in comparison to borrower related factors, highlighting the role of environmental and institutional forces in causing over-indebtedness. Our findings point to the strong need for access regulation and the need for prioritizing income generation over credit distribution on the policy front. Operationally, our findings show that inclusion of demographic features of the borrower households in the credit appraisal process can lead to better assessment of repayment capacity, rather than wholly relying on the strengths of group lending mechanism.
Book Synopsis Can Microfinance Work? by : Lesley Sherratt
Download or read book Can Microfinance Work? written by Lesley Sherratt and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can Microfinance Work? presents a thorough-going and nuanced ethical assessment of the microfinance industry, drawing on the author's expertise in the fields of finance and applied ethics. That comprehensive analysis is then used to ground concrete policy proposals, some quite radical, to improve both microfinance's ethical balance and its overall effectiveness.
Download or read book Microfinance written by Suresh Sundaresan and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: . . . a valuable resource that traces the changes in the microfinance sector from its origin until now. . . The book will serve as a good reference point for future debate in these areas. Microfinance Insights In 2006 the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Muhammad Yunus for his work on microfinance, dramatically changing attitudes towards capital markets. Suresh Sundaresan has assembled an impressive set of scholars and practitioners in this book to bring together recent practical innovations and policy questions in the realm of microfinance. The contributions emphasize practical solutions to problems facing the field by examining capital markets, providing a framework for thinking about regulation, and raising questions about gender empowerment. They examine recent developments in the field, research findings, and the challenges that lie ahead. This book takes a solid step toward a systematic analysis of the implications of microfinance for the role and regulation of capital markets. The authors address integration of capital markets with microfinance, technological innovations such as the use of mobile phone technology, the consequences of women s access to micro-loan borrowings, and the regulatory challenges and opportunities emerging as the landscape of microfinance dramatically evolves. Practitioners, policy makers, and academics in the fields of developmental economics, finance, gender studies and public and development policy will enjoy this analytically rigorous work.
Download or read book Banking the World written by Robert Cull and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-08-03 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts report on the latest research on extending access to financial services to the 2.5 billion adults around the world who lack it. About 2.5 billion adults, just over half the world's adult population, lack bank accounts. If we are to realize the goal of extending banking and other financial services to this vast “unbanked” population, we need to consider not only such product innovations as microfinance and mobile banking but also issues of data accuracy, impact assessment, risk mitigation, technology adaptation, financial literacy, and local context. In Banking the World, experts take up these topics, reporting on new research that will guide both policy makers and scholars in a broader push to extend financial markets. The contributors consider such topics as the complexity of surveying people about their use of financial services; evidence of the impact of financial services on income; the occasional negative effects of financial services on poor households, including disincentives to work and overindebtedness; and tools for improving access such as nontraditional credit scores, financial incentives for banking, and identification technologies that can dramatically reduce loan default rates.
Book Synopsis Microfinance Institutions by : R. Mersland
Download or read book Microfinance Institutions written by R. Mersland and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-11 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on MFI performance is still in its infancy. MFIs are hybrid organizations with dual objectives. Performance studies in microfinance are therefore less straightforward compared to performance studies in traditional banking research. This book contains new MFI performance research by top scholars from across the globe.
Book Synopsis The Handbook of Microfinance by : Beatriz Armendariz
Download or read book The Handbook of Microfinance written by Beatriz Armendariz and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Microfinance addresses the gap between clients who are benefiting from access to financial services via MFIs, and the potential market, which remains underserved or untapped. This gap can be attributed to a "mismatch" between what consumers, or potential clients, demand and what MFIs offer in terms of financial products. The scope of the book is wide. It includes successes and failures, main challenges and debates, methodologies for impact evaluation via random trials, leading trends in Asia versus Latin America, main efforts in Africa, the importance of value chains in Central America, ethical and gender issues, savings, microinsurance, governance, commercialization trends and the potential advantages and disadvantages of it. Lastly it features main lessons from informal finance and 19th-century credit cooperatives addressing the above-mentioned mismatch.
