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Order And Fluctuations In Collective Dynamics Of Swimming Bacteria
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Book Synopsis Order and Fluctuations in Collective Dynamics of Swimming Bacteria by : Daiki Nishiguchi
Download or read book Order and Fluctuations in Collective Dynamics of Swimming Bacteria written by Daiki Nishiguchi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-31 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis focuses on experimental studies on collective motion using swimming bacteria as model active-matter systems. It offers comprehensive reviews of state-of-the-art theories and experiments on collective motion from the viewpoint of nonequilibrium statistical physics. The author presents his experimental studies on two major classes of collective motion that had been well studied theoretically. Firstly, swimming filamentous bacteria in a thin fluid layer are shown to exhibit true, long-range orientational order and anomalously strong giant density fluctuations, which are considered universal and landmark signatures of collective motion by many numerical and theoretical works but have never been observed in real systems. Secondly, chaotic bacterial turbulence in a three-dimensional dense suspension without any long-range order as described in the first half is demonstrated to be capable of achieving antiferromagnetic vortex order by imposing a small number of constraints with appropriate periodicity. The experimental results presented significantly advance our fundamental understanding of order and fluctuations in collective motion of motile elements and their future applications.
Book Synopsis Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals by : Shuang Zhou
Download or read book Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals written by Shuang Zhou and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-14 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis describes lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) with exotic elastic and viscous properties. The first part of the thesis presents a thorough analysis of the elastic and viscous properties of LCLCs as functions of concentration, temperature and ionic contents, while the second part explores an active nematic system: living liquid crystals, which represent a combination of LCLC and living bacteria. LCLCs are an emerging class of liquid crystals that have shown profound connections to biological systems in two aspects. First, the assembly process of the chromonic aggregates is essentially the same as DNA oligomers and other super-molecular assemblies of biological origin. LCLCs thus provide an excellent model system for studying physical properties such as the elasticity and viscosity of these supramolecular assemblies. Second, LCLCs are biocompatible, thus serving as a unique anisotropic matrix to interface with living systems such as bacteria. This thesis deepens our understanding of both aspects. The noncovalent nature of chromonic aggregation produces the unique viscoelasticity to be found in LCLCs, which differs dramatically from that of traditional LCs. Anisotropic interactions between LCLCs and bacteria lead to fascinating phenomena such as the deformation of LCLCs with a characteristic wavelength determined by the elasticity of the LCLCs and the activity of the bacteria, orientationally controlled trajectories of bacteria and visualization of 24 nm flagella motion.
Book Synopsis Lattice Models for Fluctuating Hydrodynamics in Granular and Active Matter by : Alessandro Manacorda
Download or read book Lattice Models for Fluctuating Hydrodynamics in Granular and Active Matter written by Alessandro Manacorda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-28 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the common nature of granular and active systems, which is rooted in their intrinsic out-of-equilibrium behavior, with the aim of finding minimal models able to reproduce and predict the complex collective behavior observed in experiments and simulations. Granular and active matter are among the most studied systems in out-of-equilibrium statistical physics. The book guides readers through the derivation of a fluctuating hydrodynamic description of granular and active matter by means of controlled and transparent mathematical assumptions made on a lattice model. It also shows how a macroscopic description can be provided from microscopic requirements, leading to the prediction of collective states such as cooling, swarming, clustering and the transitions among them. The analytical and numerical results shed new light on the physical connection between the local, microscopic properties of few particles and the macroscopic collective motion of the whole system.
Book Synopsis Traffic and Granular Flow ' 07 by : Cécile Appert-Rolland
Download or read book Traffic and Granular Flow ' 07 written by Cécile Appert-Rolland and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-19 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers several research fields dealing with transport. This work covers three main topics including road traffic, granular matter, and biological transport. It considers different points of views including modelling, simulations, experiments, and phenomenological observations.
Book Synopsis Animal Locomotion by : Graham Taylor
Download or read book Animal Locomotion written by Graham Taylor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-20 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The physical principles of swimming and flying in animals are intriguingly different from those of ships and airplanes. The study of animal locomotion therefore holds a special place not only at the frontiers of pure fluid dynamics research, but also in the applied field of biomimetics, which aims to emulate salient aspects of the performance and function of living organisms. For example, fluid dynamic loads are so significant for swimming fish that they are expected to have developed efficient flow control procedures through the evolutionary process of adaptation by natural selection, which might in turn be applied to the design of robotic swimmers. And yet, sharply contrasting views as to the energetic efficiency of oscillatory propulsion – especially for marine animals – demand a careful assessment of the forces and energy expended at realistic Reynolds numbers. For this and many other research questions, an experimental approach is often the most appropriate methodology. This holds as much for flying animals as it does for swimming ones, and similar experimental challenges apply – studying tethered as opposed to free locomotion, or studying the flow around robotic models as opposed to real animals. This book provides a wide-ranging snapshot of the state-of-the-art in experimental research on the physics of swimming and flying animals. The resulting picture reflects not only upon the questions that are of interest in current pure and applied research, but also upon the experimental techniques that are available to answer them.
Book Synopsis Natural Locomotion in Fluids and on Surfaces by : Stephen Childress
Download or read book Natural Locomotion in Fluids and on Surfaces written by Stephen Childress and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-14 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume developed from a Workshop on Natural Locomotion in Fluids and on Surfaces: Swimming, Flying, and Sliding which was held at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications (IMA) at the University of Minnesota, from June 1-5, 2010. The subject matter ranged widely from observational data to theoretical mechanics, and reflected the broad scope of the workshop. In both the prepared presentations and in the informal discussions, the workshop engaged exchanges across disciplines and invited a lively interaction between modelers and observers. The articles in this volume were invited and fully refereed. They provide a representative if necessarily incomplete account of the field of natural locomotion during a period of rapid growth and expansion. The papers presented at the workshop, and the contributions to the present volume, can be roughly divided into those pertaining to swimming on the scale of marine organisms, swimming of microorganisms at low Reynolds numbers, animal flight, and sliding and other related examples of locomotion.
Book Synopsis The Fluid Dynamics of Cell Motility by : Eric Lauga
Download or read book The Fluid Dynamics of Cell Motility written by Eric Lauga and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-05 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pedagogical review of the mathematical modelling in fluid dynamics necessary to understand the motility of most microorganisms on Earth.
Book Synopsis Active Motion and Swarming by : Pawel Romanczuk
Download or read book Active Motion and Swarming written by Pawel Romanczuk and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2011 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, there has been an increasing focus on various biological and physical systems known as "active matter". Examples of such systems range from individual units, such as motile cells or artificial self-propelled particles, to large systems of interacting active particles or individuals. The emergence of large-scale collective motion, as exhibited by flocks of birds or bacterial colonies, is just one prominent and fascinating example of self-organization in active matter systems. In this work, we discuss different individual-based models of active matter using the concept of active Brownian motion. The first part of this work explores the dynamical behavior of single active particles with a particular emphasis on the impact of so-called active fluctuations. The second part extends the scope of this study to interacting active Brownian particles and their collective behavior. First, a systematic derivation of kinetic equations for active Brownian particles with velocity alignment is presented. Further on, motivated by recent biological observations, a new type of "escape-pursuit" model of collective motion is introduced and successfully employed in modeling collective locust behavior.
Download or read book Granular Patterns written by Igor Aranson and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-03-12 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a systematic introduction to a new and exciting field of patterns in granular matter. Granular materials are collections of discrete macroscopic solid grains with a typical size large enough that thermal fluctuations are negligible. Despite this seeming simplicity, properties of granular materials are different from conventional solids, liquids and gases due to the dissipative and highly nonlinear nature of forces among grains. The last decade has seen an explosion of interest to nonequilibrium phenomena in granular matter among physicists, both on the experimental and theoretical side. Among these phenomena, one of the most interesting is the ability of granular matter upon mechanical excitation to form highly ordered patterns such as ripples, avalanches, or bands of segregated materials. This book presents a comprehensive review of experiments and novel theoretical concepts needed to understand the mechanisms of pattern formation in granular materials. This book is written for experienced physicists interested in this new rapidly developing field, as well as young researchers and graduate students entering this field. We hope that both experimentalists and theorists already working in the field will find it useful.
Book Synopsis Soft Interfaces by : Lydéric Bocquet
Download or read book Soft Interfaces written by Lydéric Bocquet and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of the distinctive and useful phenomena of soft matter come from its interaction with interfaces. Examples are the peeling of a strip of adhesive tape, the coating of a surface, the curling of a fiber via capillary forces, or the collapse of a porous sponge. These interfacial phenomena are distinct from the intrinsic behavior of a soft material like a gel or a microemulsion. Yet many forms of interfacial phenomena can be understood via common principles valid for many forms of soft matter. Our goal in organizing this school was to give students a grasp of these common principles and their many ramifications and possibilities. The Les Houches Summer School comprised over fifty 90-minute lectures over four weeks. Four four-lecture courses by Howard Stone, Michael Cates, David Nelson and L. Mahadevan served as an anchor for the program. A number of shorter courses and seminars rounded out the school. This volume collects the lecture notes of the school.
Book Synopsis New Trends in the Physics and Mechanics of Biological Systems by : Martine Ben Amar
Download or read book New Trends in the Physics and Mechanics of Biological Systems written by Martine Ben Amar and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-05-26 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In July 2009, many experts in the mathematical modelling of biological sciences gathered in Les Houches for a 4-week summer school on the mechanics and physics of biological systems. The goal of the school was to present to students and researchers an integrated view of new trends and challenges in physical and mathematical aspects of biomechanics. While the scope for such a topic is very wide, we focused on problems where solid and fluid mechanics play a central role. The school covered both the general mathematical theory of mechanical biology in the context of continuum mechanics but also the specific modelling of particular systems in the biology of the cell, plants, microbes, and in physiology. These lecture notes are organised (as was the school) around five different main topics all connected by the common theme of continuum modelling for biological systems: Bio-fluidics, Bio-gels, Bio-mechanics, Bio-membranes, and Morphogenesis. These notes are not meant as a journal review of the topic but rather as a gentle tutorial introduction to the readers who want to understand the basic problematic in modelling biological systems from a mechanics perspective.
Book Synopsis New Trends in the Physics and Mechanics of Biological Systems by : Alain Goriely
Download or read book New Trends in the Physics and Mechanics of Biological Systems written by Alain Goriely and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-26 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These lecture notes present the latest trends and challenges in the modelling of biological systems from a mechanics perspective. They cover both fluid and solid mechanics, the modelling of growth in biological systems, and present the application of physical methods for the modelling of systems in cellular biology, physiology, and morphogenesis.
Book Synopsis Active Matter Within and Around Us by : Len Pismen
Download or read book Active Matter Within and Around Us written by Len Pismen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-15 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive review of various aspects of the novel and rapidly developing field of active matter, which encompasses a wide variety of self-organized self-driven energy-consuming media or agents. Most naturally occurring examples are of biological origin, spanning all scales from intracellular structures to swimming and crawling cells and microorganisms, to living tissues, bacterial colonies and flocks of birds. But the field also encompasses artificial systems, from colloids to soft robots. Intrinsically out of equilibrium and free of constraints of time-reversal symmetry, such systems display a range of surprising and unusual behaviors. In this book, the author emphasizes connections between fluid-mechanical, material, biological and technological aspects of active matter. He employs a minimum of mathematical tools, ensuring that the presentation is accessible to a wider scientific community. Richly illustrated, it gives the reader a clear picture of this fascinating field, its diverse phenomena and its open questions.
Book Synopsis Towards Autonomous Robotic Systems by : Kaspar Althoefer
Download or read book Towards Autonomous Robotic Systems written by Kaspar Althoefer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-28 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two volumes LNAI 11649 and LNAI 11650 constitute the refereed proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference "Towards Autonomous Robotics", TAROS 2019, held in London, UK, in July 2019. The 74 full papers and 12 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 101 submissions. The papers present and discuss significant findings and advances in autonomous robotics research and applications. They are organized in the following topical sections: robotic grippers and manipulation; soft robotics, sensing and mobile robots; robotic learning, mapping and planning; human-robot interaction; and robotic systems and applications.
Book Synopsis Control of Self-Organizing Nonlinear Systems by : Eckehard Schöll
Download or read book Control of Self-Organizing Nonlinear Systems written by Eckehard Schöll and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-22 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book summarizes the state-of-the-art of research on control of self-organizing nonlinear systems with contributions from leading international experts in the field. The first focus concerns recent methodological developments including control of networks and of noisy and time-delayed systems. As a second focus, the book features emerging concepts of application including control of quantum systems, soft condensed matter, and biological systems. Special topics reflecting the active research in the field are the analysis and control of chimera states in classical networks and in quantum systems, the mathematical treatment of multiscale systems, the control of colloidal and quantum transport, the control of epidemics and of neural network dynamics.
Book Synopsis Stochastic Foundations in Movement Ecology by : Vicenç Méndez
Download or read book Stochastic Foundations in Movement Ecology written by Vicenç Méndez and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-18 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the fundamental theory for non-standard diffusion problems in movement ecology. Lévy processes and anomalous diffusion have shown to be both powerful and useful tools for qualitatively and quantitatively describing a wide variety of spatial population ecological phenomena and dynamics, such as invasion fronts and search strategies. Adopting a self-contained, textbook-style approach, the authors provide the elements of statistical physics and stochastic processes on which the modeling of movement ecology is based and systematically introduce the physical characterization of ecological processes at the microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic levels. The explicit definition of these levels and their interrelations is particularly suitable to coping with the broad spectrum of space and time scales involved in bio-ecological problems. Including numerous exercises (with solutions), this text is aimed at graduate students and newcomers in this field at the interface of theoretical ecology, mathematical biology and physics.
Book Synopsis Non-equilibrium Soft Matter Physics by : Shigeyuki Komura
Download or read book Non-equilibrium Soft Matter Physics written by Shigeyuki Komura and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soft matter is a concept which covers polymers, liquid crystals, colloids, amphiphilic molecules, glasses, granular and biological materials. One of the fundamental characteristic features of soft matter is that it exhibits various mesoscopic structures originating from a large number of internal degrees of freedom of each molecule. Due to such intermediate structures, soft matter can easily be brought into non-equilibrium states and cause non-linear responses by imposing external fields such as an electric field, a mechanical stress or a shear flow. Volume 4 of the series in Soft Condensed Matter focuses on the non-linear and non-equilibrium properties of soft matter. It contains a collection of review articles on the current topics of non-equilibrium soft matter physics written by leading experts in the field. The topics dealt with in this volume includes rheology of polymers and liquid crystals, dynamical properties of Langmuir monolayers at the air/water interface, hydrodynamics of membranes and twisted filaments as well as dynamics of deformable self-propelled particles and migration of biological cells. This book serves both as an introduction to students as well as a useful reference to researchers.
