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Optimum Water Alternating Gas Injection Using Compositional Reservoir Simulation
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Book Synopsis Optimum Water Alternating Gas Injection Using Compositional Reservoir Simulation by : Chanin Wongdontri
Download or read book Optimum Water Alternating Gas Injection Using Compositional Reservoir Simulation written by Chanin Wongdontri and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water alternating gas (WAG) injection is an enhanced oil recovery method that combines effect of water and gas flooding. This study is conducted to find the most suitable water-gas ratio and cycle size that yield optimal recovery. Black oil and compositinal reservoir simulations for a synthetic homogeneous reservoir are used for this purpose. The effects of horizontal permeability, vertical to horizontal permeability ratio, and distance between production and injection wells were also investigated. In this study, three phase Larsen and Skauge relative permeability hysteresis model was compared with the standard two-phase Killough hysteresis model. The results of the study show that WAG process, when appropiately implemented can yield higher recovery factor than waterflood. The impact of injected gas on increasing recovery efficiency was more evident in the compositional model than that in the black oil model. The results from the compositional model indicate that the smaller the cycle size, the higher the recovery factor will be and the water-gas ratio of 0.25 provides the highest recovery. Horizontal permeability, vertical to horizontal permeability ratio, and distance between producer and injector do not have an effect on optimal values of water-gas ratio and cycle size although they affect the absolute values of the recovery factor. The impact of using different relative permeability hysteresis was also found.
Book Synopsis A Simulation Study to Verify Stone's Simultaneous Water and Gas Injection Performance in a 5-spot Pattern by : Mazen Taher Barnawi
Download or read book A Simulation Study to Verify Stone's Simultaneous Water and Gas Injection Performance in a 5-spot Pattern written by Mazen Taher Barnawi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water alternating gas (WAG) injection is a proven technique to enhance oil recovery. It has been successfully implemented in the field since 1957 with recovery increase in the range of 5-10% of oil-initially-in-place (OIIP). In 2004, Herbert L. Stone presented a simultaneous water and gas injection technique. Gas is injected near the bottom of the reservoir and water is injected directly on top at high rates to prevent upward channeling of the gas. Stone's mathematical model indicated the new technique can increase vertical sweep efficiency by 3-4 folds over WAG. In this study, a commercial reservoir simulator was used to predict the performance of Stone's technique and compare it to WAG and other EOR injection strategies. Two sets of relative permeability data were considered. Multiple combinations of total injection rates (water plus gas) and water/gas ratios as well as injection schedules were investigated to find the optimum design parameters for an 80 acre 5-spot pattern unit. Results show that injecting water above gas may result in better oil recovery than WAG injection though not as indicated by Stone. Increase in oil recovery with SSWAG injection is a function of the gas critical saturation. The more gas is trapped in the formation, the higher oil recovery is obtained. This is probably due to the fact that areal sweep efficiency is a more dominant factor in a 5-spot pattern. Periodic shut-off of the water injector has little effect on oil recovery. Water/gas injection ratio optimization may result in a slight increase in oil recovery. SSWAG injection results in a steady injection pressure and less fluctuation in gas production rate compared to WAG injection.
Book Synopsis Simulation Study of Miscible Gas Injection for Gas Enriched Above the Minimum Miscibility Enrichment by : Harshad Champaklal Parakh
Download or read book Simulation Study of Miscible Gas Injection for Gas Enriched Above the Minimum Miscibility Enrichment written by Harshad Champaklal Parakh and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Enhanced Oil Recovery in Shale and Tight Reservoirs by : James J.Sheng
Download or read book Enhanced Oil Recovery in Shale and Tight Reservoirs written by James J.Sheng and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2019-11-07 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil Recovery in Shale and Tight Reservoirs delivers a current, state-of-the-art resource for engineers trying to manage unconventional hydrocarbon resources. Going beyond the traditional EOR methods, this book helps readers solve key challenges on the proper methods, technologies and options available. Engineers and researchers will find a systematic list of methods and applications, including gas and water injection, methods to improve liquid recovery, as well as spontaneous and forced imbibition. Rounding out with additional methods, such as air foam drive and energized fluids, this book gives engineers the knowledge they need to tackle the most complex oil and gas assets. Helps readers understand the methods and mechanisms for enhanced oil recovery technology, specifically for shale and tight oil reservoirs Includes available EOR methods, along with recent practical case studies that cover topics like fracturing fluid flow back Teaches additional methods, such as soaking after fracturing, thermal recovery and microbial EOR
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Reservoir Simulation Using MATLAB/GNU Octave by : Knut-Andreas Lie
Download or read book An Introduction to Reservoir Simulation Using MATLAB/GNU Octave written by Knut-Andreas Lie and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-08 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents numerical methods for reservoir simulation, with efficient implementation and examples using widely-used online open-source code, for researchers, professionals and advanced students. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Book Synopsis Formation Damage during Improved Oil Recovery by : Bin Yuan
Download or read book Formation Damage during Improved Oil Recovery written by Bin Yuan and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2018-06-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formation Damage during Improved Oil Recovery: Fundamentals and Applications bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and field practice by presenting information on formation damage issues that arise during enhanced oil recovery. Multi-contributed technical chapters include sections on modeling and simulation, lab experiments, field case studies, and newly proposed technologies and methods that are related to formation damage during secondary and tertiary recovery processes in both conventional and unconventional reservoirs. Focusing on both the fundamental theories related to EOR and formation damage, this reference helps engineers formulate integrated and systematic designs for applying EOR processes while also considering formation damage issues.
Book Synopsis Injection Design for Simultaneous Enhanced Oil Recovery and Carbon Storage in a Heavy Oil Reservoir by : Lorraine Elizabeth Sobers
Download or read book Injection Design for Simultaneous Enhanced Oil Recovery and Carbon Storage in a Heavy Oil Reservoir written by Lorraine Elizabeth Sobers and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reservoir Engineering Handbook by : Tarek H. Ahmed
Download or read book Reservoir Engineering Handbook written by Tarek H. Ahmed and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 1212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book wxplains the fundamentals of reservoir engineering and their practical application in conducting a comprehensive field study.Two new chapters have been included in this second edition: chapter 14 and 15.
Book Synopsis Gas Injection Methods by : Zhaomin Li
Download or read book Gas Injection Methods written by Zhaomin Li and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2022-09-24 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Enhanced Oil Recovery Series delivers a multivolume approach that addresses the latest research on various types of EOR. The second volume in the series, Gas Injection Methods, helps engineers focus on the latest developments in one of the fastest growing areas. Different techniques are described in addition to the latest technology such as data mining and unconventional reservoirs. Supported field case studies are included to show a bridge between research and practical application, making it useful for both academics and practicing engineers. Structured to start with an introduction on various gas types and different gas injection methods, screening criteria for choosing gas injection method, and environmental issues during gas injection methods, the editors then advance on to more complex content, guiding the engineer into newer topics involving CO2 such as injection in tight oil reservoirs, shale oil reservoirs, carbonated water, data mining, and formation damage. Supported by a full spectrum of contributors, this book gives petroleum engineers and researchers the latest research developments and field applications to drive innovation for the future. Helps readers understand the latest research and practical applications specific to foam flooding and gas injection Provides readers with the latest technology, including nanoparticle-stabilized foam for mobility control and carbon storage in shale oil reservoirs Teaches users about additional methods such as data mining applications and economic and environmental considerations
Book Synopsis Science of Carbon Storage in Deep Saline Formations by : Pania Newell
Download or read book Science of Carbon Storage in Deep Saline Formations written by Pania Newell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-09-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science of Carbon Storage in Deep Saline Formations: Process Coupling across Time and Spatial Scales summarizes state-of-the-art research, emphasizing how the coupling of physical and chemical processes as subsurface systems re-equilibrate during and after the injection of CO2. In addition, it addresses, in an easy-to-follow way, the lack of knowledge in understanding the coupled processes related to fluid flow, geomechanics and geochemistry over time and spatial scales. The book uniquely highlights process coupling and process interplay across time and spatial scales that are relevant to geological carbon storage.
Book Synopsis Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Water-alternating-gas (WAG) Injection by : Shokufe Afzali
Download or read book Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Water-alternating-gas (WAG) Injection written by Shokufe Afzali and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Miscible Displacement by : Fred I. Stalkup
Download or read book Miscible Displacement written by Fred I. Stalkup and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fundamentals and Practical Aspects of Gas Injection by : Reza Azin
Download or read book Fundamentals and Practical Aspects of Gas Injection written by Reza Azin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-07-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers different aspects of gas injection, from the classic pressure maintenance operation to enhanced oil recovery (EOR), underground gas storage (UGS), and carbon capture and storage (CCS). The authors detail the unique characteristics and specific criteria of each application, including: material balance equations phase behaviour reservoir engineering well design operating aspects surface facilities environmental issues Examples, data, and simulation codes are provided to enable the reader to gain an in-depth understanding of these applications. Fundamentals and Practical Aspects of Gas Injection will be of use to practising engineers in the fields of reservoir engineering, and enhanced oil recovery. It will also be of interest to researchers, academics, and graduate students working in the field of petroleum engineering.
Book Synopsis Co2-assisted Gravity Drainage EOR by : Prashant Sopanrao Jadhawar
Download or read book Co2-assisted Gravity Drainage EOR written by Prashant Sopanrao Jadhawar and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing demand of the oil and gas have given rise to surge in drilling and exploration activities to recover oil from other unexplored oil-bearing formations (such as offshore) as well as in the efforts to improve and/or modify the existing methods of the enhanced oil recovery to recover the residual oil left-behind by the applied EOR method. Nearly one-third volume of the original oil in place (OOIP) is left-behind by the current EOR technologies. Estimated 2 trillion barrels of this volume is lucrative to cater the energy needs of the respective countries. Gas injection EOR method is a major contending process in exploitation of this resource, and its application is on the rise since last decade. Continuous gas injection (CGI) and water-alternating gas (WAG) injection are the most notable and commonly field-implemented horizontal displacement type gas injection EOR processes. The limitations of CGI are the severe gravity segregation and poor sweep efficiencies. Although the reservoir sweep efficiencies are improved with the WAG, review of 59 field projects suggest that they yield only maximum of 10% incremental oil recoveries due to the detrimental effects of increased water saturation to diminish gas injectivity, reducing oil mobility, decreased oil relative permeability and oil bypassing due to gravity segregation. Conversely, vertical downward oil-displacement gas driven gravity drainage EOR methods uses the gravity forces to its advantage for enhancing the oil recovery. Gravity drainage EOR methods have been applied to dipping and reef type reservoirs in the field projects and reported to yield high incremental oil recoveries. In this study, the CO2-assisted gravity drainage EOR method is investigated in the non-dipping reservoir through the 3D reservoir simulations and scaling and the sensitivity analysis. Both the compositional and pseudomiscible black-oil numerical reservoir simulations are conducted in the 50 and 35 °API gravity oil-reservoirs respectively. Main objectives of this research are to (i) develop a better production strategy for the oil recovery optimization (ii) investigate the options to optimize oil recovery in the CO2-assisted gravity drainage EOR process (numerical simulation studies) (iii) to develop a set of scaled models sufficient to completely scale the CO2-assisted gravity drainage EOR process through the scaling and sensitivity studies. Original contributions of this research are (i) First comprehensive demonstration of the CO2-assisted gravity drainage EOR method application in 50 °API gravity oil-reservoir, (ii) Development and verification of a new hypothesis of the horizontal gas floodfront in the top-down CO2-assisted gravity drainage EOR process, (iii) Development of a general process selection map for the preliminary choice between the immiscible and miscible process, (iv) Grid size effect studies: Changes in both the x and y grid-dimensions has no impact on the CO2-assisted gravity drainage oil recovery, (v) Grid thickness effect studies: Thin layers, even in the upper layers, facilitates the optimum CO2-assisted gravity drainage oil recovery (vi) Heterogeneity in permeability effect: Presence of heterogeneity in permeability (kv / kv = 0.001) improves the CO2-assisted gravity drainage oil recovery performance (95.5% incremental oil recovery) thereby reducing the number of pore volumes and the operational time. It has been found that recovery further improves when the molecular diffusion effects are taken into account, (vii) Heterogeneity in porosity: Porosity values increasing downwards, such as in the overturned faults, promotes the CO2-assisted gravity drainage mechanism to yield better oil recovery performance, (viii) Clear identification of the overall mechanisms and the supporting micro-mechanisms through the parametric analysis of the reservoir simulation results, (ix) Development of a new correlation (combination number, NJadhawar and Sarma) that encompasses the traditional process affecting multiphase operational parameters in the form of the dimensionless groups. It is further validated using the field projects including the data from the Oseberg field, Norway. Excellent logarithmic correlation match is obtained between the new combination number, NJadhawar and Sarma, and the oil recoveries from both the immiscible and miscible reservoir simulations as well as the field projects. New combination number, NJadhawar and Sarma, is a useful tool to predict CO2-assisted gravity drainage oil recoveries, and (x) Development of a set of the additional scaled models sufficient to completely scale the CO2-assisted gravity drainage EOR process are proposed and validated.
Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation of Water-alternating-gas (WAG) Injection by : Hassan Ali Alzayer
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Water-alternating-gas (WAG) Injection written by Hassan Ali Alzayer and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fractal Models in Exploration Geophysics by : V.P. Dimri
Download or read book Fractal Models in Exploration Geophysics written by V.P. Dimri and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-07-17 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers in the field of exploration geophysics have developed new methods for the acquisition, processing and interpretation of gravity and magnetic data, based on detailed investigations of bore wells around the globe. Fractal Models in Exploration Geophysics describes fractal-based models for characterizing these complex subsurface geological structures. The authors introduce the inverse problem using a fractal approach which they then develop with the implementation of a global optimization algorithm for seismic data: very fast simulated annealing (VFSA). This approach provides high-resolution inverse modeling results-particularly useful for reservoir characterization. Serves as a valuable resource for researchers studying the application of fractals in exploration, and for practitioners directly applying field data for geo-modeling Discusses the basic principles and practical applications of time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring technology - application rapidly advancing topic Provides the fundamentals for those interested in reservoir geophysics and reservoir simulation study Demonstrates an example of reservoir simulation for enhanced oil recovery using CO2 injection
Book Synopsis Efficient Simulation of Thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes by : Zhouyuan Zhu
Download or read book Efficient Simulation of Thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes written by Zhouyuan Zhu and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulating thermal processes is usually computationally expensive because of the complexity of the problem and strong nonlinearities encountered. In this work, we explore novel and efficient simulation techniques to solve thermal enhanced oil recovery problems. We focus on two major topics: the extension of streamline simulation for thermal enhanced oil recovery and the efficient simulation of chemical reaction kinetics as applied to the in-situ combustion process. For thermal streamline simulation, we first study the extension to hot water flood processes, in which we have temperature induced viscosity changes and thermal volume changes. We first compute the pressure field on an Eulerian grid. We then solve for the advective parts of the mass balance and energy equations along the individual streamlines, accounting for the compressibility effects. At the end of each global time step, we account for the nonadvective terms on the Eulerian grid along with gravity using operator splitting. We test our streamline simulator and compare the results with a commercial thermal simulator. Sensitivity studies for compressibility, gravity and thermal conduction effects are presented. We further extended our thermal streamline simulation to steam flooding. Steam flooding exhibits large volume changes and compressibility associated with the phase behavior of steam, strong gravity segregation and override, and highly coupled energy and mass transport. To overcome these challenges we implement a novel pressure update along the streamlines, a Glowinski scheme operator splitting and a preliminary streamline/finite volume hybrid approach. We tested our streamline simulator on a series of test cases. We compared our thermal streamline results with those computed by a commercial thermal simulator for both accuracy and efficiency. For the cases investigated, we are able to retain solution accuracy, while reducing computational cost and gaining connectivity information from the streamlines. These aspects are useful for reservoir engineering purposes. In traditional thermal reactive reservoir simulation, mass and energy balance equations are solved numerically on discretized reservoir grid blocks. The reaction terms are calculated through Arrhenius kinetics using cell-averaged properties, such as averaged temperature and reactant concentrations. For the in-situ combustion process, the chemical reaction front is physically very narrow, typically a few inches thick. To capture accurately this front, centimeter-sized grids are required that are orders of magnitude smaller than the affordable grid block sizes for full field reservoir models. To solve this grid size effect problem, we propose a new method based on a non-Arrhenius reaction upscaling approach. We do not resolve the combustion front on the grid, but instead use a subgrid-scale model that captures the overall effects of the combustion reactions on flow and transport, i.e. the amount of heat released, the amount of oil burned and the reaction products generated. The subgrid-scale model is calibrated using fine-scale highly accurate numerical simulation and laboratory experiments. This approach significantly improves the computational speed of in-situ combustion simulation as compared to traditional methods. We propose the detailed procedures to implement this methodology in a field-scale simulator. Test cases illustrate the solution consistency when scaling up the grid sizes in multidimensional heterogeneous problems. The methodology is also applicable to other subsurface reactive flow modeling problems with fast chemical reactions and sharp fronts. Displacement front stability is a major concern in the design of all the enhanced oil recovery processes. Historically, premature combustion front break through has been an issue for field operations of in-situ combustion. In this work, we perform detailed analysis based on both analytical methods and numerical simulation. We identify the different flow regimes and several driving fronts in a typical 1D ISC process. For the ISC process in a conventional mobile heavy oil reservoir, we identify the most critical front as the front of steam plateau driving the cold oil bank. We discuss the five main contributors for this front stability/instability: viscous force, condensation, heat conduction, coke plugging and gravity. Detailed numerical tests are performed to test and rank the relative importance of all these different effects.
