Optimizing Hiv Testing Algorithms

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Optimizing HIV testing algorithms

Author :
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9240039163
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimizing HIV testing algorithms by :

Download or read book Optimizing HIV testing algorithms written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-11-26 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A standardized HIV testing strategy and quality-assured products are critical for accurate diagnosis, while poorly chosen testing algorithms can lead to misdiagnosis. Verification of testing algorithms provides objective evidence, before widespread implementation, that a specific combination of products will accurately diagnose HIV infection, thus reducing the risk of misdiagnosis. The toolkit aims to provide countries with the tools and content needed to effectively conduct a local verification assessment to update national HIV testing algorithms following WHO recommendations on HIV testing strategies. The toolkit consists of (1) a generic assessment protocol that can be adapted and submitted for local ethical clearance; (2) a test selection tool to assist with the selection of WHO prequalified HIV assays based on performance and operational characteristics; (3) a Gantt chart to plan and schedule the different project implementation activities; (4) a general budget required to conduct this assessment; (5) a checklist of test kits, consumables and supplies needed for placing a purchase order and; (6) a database to assist with data analysis.

Current Perspectives in HIV Infection

Author : Shailendra K. Saxena
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535110578
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Current Perspectives in HIV Infection by : Shailendra K. Saxena

Download or read book Current Perspectives in HIV Infection written by Shailendra K. Saxena and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive overview of HIV and AIDS including NeuroAIDS, as well as general concepts of pathology, immunity and immunopathology, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology and etiology to current clinical recommendations in management of HIV/AIDS including NeuroAIDS, highlighting the ongoing issues, recent advances and future directions in diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies.

HIV Testing Algorithms

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (649 download)

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Book Synopsis HIV Testing Algorithms by :

Download or read book HIV Testing Algorithms written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In 1989 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) released recommendations for a sequential, two-test algorithm for serodiagnosis of HIV-1 infection. In this algorithm, screening is conducted with an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Specimens repeatedly reactive by EIA are subjected to a more specific supplemental test, either a Western blot (WB) or an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Over the past two decades, many advances in HIV diagnostics have been achieved: less complex rapid tests have been FDA-approved for screening at the point of contact (POC) with the patient, more sensitive and specific laboratory-based tests are available, and more complex rapid tests can detect HIV-2. The 'HIV Testing Algorithms: Status Report' describes a menu of HIV testing algorithms that have the potential to augment and provide alternatives to the algorithm currently used to diagnose HIV infection. APHL and CDC convened two working groups of HIV diagnostic subject matter experts to develop these new algorithms. This report describes algorithms to use in POC and laboratory settings, as well as supporting evidence, limitations, and additional data needed to substantiate the algorithms as of April 2009. This document does not contain recommendations from either CDC or APHL."--Page 1.

Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789241549684
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (496 download)

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Book Synopsis Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These guidelines provide guidance on the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection and the care of people living with HIV. They are structured along the continuum of HIV testing, prevention, treatment and care. This edition updates the 2013 consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs following an extensive review of evidence and consultations in mid-2015, shared at the end of 2015, and now published in full in 2016. It is being published in a changing global context for HIV and for health more broadly.

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6)

Author : King K. Holmes
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464805253
Total Pages : 1027 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) by : King K. Holmes

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

Reducing the Odds

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309062862
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (628 download)

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Book Synopsis Reducing the Odds by : National Research Council

Download or read book Reducing the Odds written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-02-13 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thousands of HIV-positive women give birth every year. Further, because many pregnant women are not tested for HIV and therefore do not receive treatment, the number of children born with HIV is still unacceptably high. What can we do to eliminate this tragic and costly inheritance? In response to a congressional request, this book evaluates the extent to which state efforts have been effective in reducing the perinatal transmission of HIV. The committee recommends that testing HIV be a routine part of prenatal care, and that health care providers notify women that HIV testing is part of the usual array of prenatal tests and that they have an opportunity to refuse the HIV test. This approach could help both reduce the number of pediatric AIDS cases and improve treatment for mothers with AIDS. Reducing the Odds will be of special interest to federal, state, and local health policymakers, prenatal care providers, maternal and child health specialists, public health practitioners, and advocates for HIV/AIDS patients. January

AIDS Testing

Author : Gerald Schochetman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146120867X
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis AIDS Testing by : Gerald Schochetman

Download or read book AIDS Testing written by Gerald Schochetman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the two years since the publication of the first edition of this book, the global spread of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has continued. HIV was estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993 to have at least 13 million individuals worldwide, with 1 million infected infected in the United States. HIV/AIDS in the United States has become the leading cause of death among men 25 to 44 years of age and the fifth leading cause of death among women of the same age group. Prevention of HIV infection remains a global challenge. Testing for HIV is the cornerstone for surveillance and prevention programs and for the provision of appropriate medical care for those who are infected. Such testing is equally essential to the search for effective antivirus drugs and vaccines. This second edition of AIDS Testing incorporates the most current thinking on test methodology and interpretation, some of which has changed considerably over the past two years. This edition also has been expanded to include a section consisting of six chapters on test applica tions and a section consisting of four chapters on management issues. This edition, like the first, describes in clear terms all the complex ele ments of testing, including applications, scientific principles, quality assurance, safety, and medical, ethical, and legal considerations.

Laboratory Quality Management System

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789241548274
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (482 download)

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Book Synopsis Laboratory Quality Management System by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Laboratory Quality Management System written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Achieving, maintaining and improving accuracy, timeliness and reliability are major challenges for health laboratories. Countries worldwide committed themselves to build national capacities for the detection of, and response to, public health events of international concern when they decided to engage in the International Health Regulations implementation process. Only sound management of quality in health laboratories will enable countries to produce test results that the international community will trust in cases of international emergency. This handbook was developed through collaboration between the WHO Lyon Office for National Epidemic Preparedness and Response, the United States of America Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Division of Laboratory Systems, and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). It is based on training sessions and modules provided by the CDC and WHO in more than 25 countries, and on guidelines for implementation of ISO 15189 in diagnostic laboratories, developed by CLSI. This handbook is intended to provide a comprehensive reference on Laboratory Quality Management System for all stakeholders in health laboratory processes, from management, to administration, to bench-work laboratorians. This handbook covers topics that are essential for quality management of a public health or clinical laboratory. They are based on both ISO 15189 and CLSI GP26-A3 documents. Each topic is discussed in a separate chapter. The chapters follow the framework developed by CLSI and are organized as the "12 Quality System Essentials".

Systematic Screening for Active Tuberculosis

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241548606
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Systematic Screening for Active Tuberculosis by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Systematic Screening for Active Tuberculosis written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2013 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been calls to revisit the experiences of TB screening campaigns that were widely applied in Europe and North America in the mid-20th century, as well as more recent experiences with TB screening in countries with a high burden of the disease, and to assess their possible relevance for TB care and prevention in the 21st century. In response, WHO has developed guidelines on screening for active TB. An extensive review of the evidence has been undertaken. The review suggests that screening, if done in the right way and targeting the right people, may reduce suffering and death, but the review also highlights several reasons to be cautious. As discussed in detail in this book, there is a need to balance potential benefits against the risks and costs of screening; this conclusion is mirrored by the history of TB screening. This publication presents the first comprehensive assessment by WHO of the appropriateness of screening for active TB since the recommendations made in 1974 by the Expert Committee. However, the relative effectiveness and cost effectiveness of screening remain uncertain, a point that is underscored by the systematic reviews presented in this guideline. Evidence suggests that some risk groups should always be screened, whereas the prioritization of other risk groups as well as the choice of screening approach depend on the epidemiology, the health-system context, and the resources available. This book sets out basic principles for prioritizing risk groups and choosing a screening approach; it also emphasizes the importance of assessing the epidemiological situation, adapting approaches to local situations, integrating TB screening into other health-promotion activities, minimizing the risk of harm to individuals, and engaging in continual monitoring and evaluation. It calls for more and better research to assess the impact of screening and to develop and evaluate new screening tests and approaches.

Basic Malaria Microscopy: Tutor's guide

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 924154791X
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Basic Malaria Microscopy: Tutor's guide by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Basic Malaria Microscopy: Tutor's guide written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes questionnaire for evaluation of training in volume 2.

Lesbian & Gay Youth

Author : Caitlin Ryan
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780231111911
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Lesbian & Gay Youth by : Caitlin Ryan

Download or read book Lesbian & Gay Youth written by Caitlin Ryan and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides guidelines for the care and counseling of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered youth, and features a review of information and research on lesbian and gay health, identity development, and peer and family issues.

Optimization of Behavioral, Biobehavioral, and Biomedical Interventions

Author : Linda M. Collins
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319722069
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimization of Behavioral, Biobehavioral, and Biomedical Interventions by : Linda M. Collins

Download or read book Optimization of Behavioral, Biobehavioral, and Biomedical Interventions written by Linda M. Collins and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-08 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a framework for development, optimization, and evaluation of behavioral, biobehavioral, and biomedical interventions. Behavioral, biobehavioral, and biomedical interventions are programs with the objective of improving and maintaining human health and well-being, broadly defined, in individuals, families, schools, organizations, or communities. These interventions may be aimed at, for example, preventing or treating disease, promoting physical and mental health, preventing violence, or improving academic achievement. This volume introduces the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST), pioneered at The Methodology Center at the Pennsylvania State University, as an alternative to the classical approach of relying solely on the randomized controlled trial (RCT). MOST borrows heavily from perspectives taken and approaches used in engineering, and also integrates concepts from statistics and behavioral science, including the RCT. As described in detail in this book, MOST consists of three phases: preparation, in which the conceptual model underlying the intervention is articulated; optimization, in which experimentation is used to gather the information necessary to identify the optimized intervention; and evaluation, in which the optimized intervention is evaluated in a standard RCT. Through numerous examples, the book demonstrates that MOST can be used to develop interventions that are more effective, efficient, economical, and scalable. Optimization of Behavioral, Biobehavioral, and Biomedical Interventions: The Multiphase Optimization Strategy is the first book to present a comprehensive introduction to MOST. It will be an essential resource for behavioral, biobehavioral, and biomedical scientists; statisticians, biostatisticians, and analysts working in epidemiology and public health; and graduate-level courses in development and evaluation of interventions.

HIV-1 Integrase

Author : Nouri Neamati
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118015363
Total Pages : 710 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis HIV-1 Integrase by : Nouri Neamati

Download or read book HIV-1 Integrase written by Nouri Neamati and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-10 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively covers the mechanisms of action and inhibitor design for HIV-1 integrase. It serves as a resource for scientists facing challenging drug design issues and researchers in antiviral drug discovery. Despite numerous review articles and isolated book chapters dealing with HIV-1 integrase, there has not been a single source for those working to devise anti-AIDS drugs against this promising target. But this book fills that gap and offers a valuable introduction to the field for the interdisciplinary scientists who will need to work together to design drugs that target HIV-1 integrase.

Decision Analytics and Optimization in Disease Prevention and Treatment

Author : Nan Kong
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118960130
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

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Book Synopsis Decision Analytics and Optimization in Disease Prevention and Treatment by : Nan Kong

Download or read book Decision Analytics and Optimization in Disease Prevention and Treatment written by Nan Kong and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-02-02 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A systematic review of the most current decision models and techniques for disease prevention and treatment Decision Analytics and Optimization in Disease Prevention and Treatment offers a comprehensive resource of the most current decision models and techniques for disease prevention and treatment. With contributions from leading experts in the field, this important resource presents information on the optimization of chronic disease prevention, infectious disease control and prevention, and disease treatment and treatment technology. Designed to be accessible, in each chapter the text presents one decision problem with the related methodology to showcase the vast applicability of operations research tools and techniques in advancing medical decision making. This vital resource features the most recent and effective approaches to the quickly growing field of healthcare decision analytics, which involves cost-effectiveness analysis, stochastic modeling, and computer simulation. Throughout the book, the contributors discuss clinical applications of modeling and optimization techniques to assist medical decision making within complex environments. Accessible and authoritative, Decision Analytics and Optimization in Disease Prevention and Treatment: Presents summaries of the state-of-the-art research that has successfully utilized both decision analytics and optimization tools within healthcare operations research Highlights the optimization of chronic disease prevention, infectious disease control and prevention, and disease treatment and treatment technology Includes contributions by well-known experts from operations researchers to clinical researchers, and from data scientists to public health administrators Offers clarification on common misunderstandings and misnomers while shedding light on new approaches in this growing area Designed for use by academics, practitioners, and researchers, Decision Analytics and Optimization in Disease Prevention and Treatment offers a comprehensive resource for accessing the power of decision analytics and optimization tools within healthcare operations research.

Guidelines for Diagnosing and Managing Disseminated Histoplasmosis Among People Living with HIV

Author : Pan American Pan American Health Organization
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789275122495
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (224 download)

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Book Synopsis Guidelines for Diagnosing and Managing Disseminated Histoplasmosis Among People Living with HIV by : Pan American Pan American Health Organization

Download or read book Guidelines for Diagnosing and Managing Disseminated Histoplasmosis Among People Living with HIV written by Pan American Pan American Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2020-06-18 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Histoplasmosis is a disease caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. This disease is highly endemic in some regions of North America, Central America, and South America and is also reported in certain countries of Asia and Africa. It often affects people with impaired immunity, including people living with HIV, among whom the most frequent clinical presentation is disseminated histoplasmosis. The symptoms of disseminated histoplasmosis are non-specific and may be indistinguishable from those of other infectious diseases, especially disseminated tuberculosis (TB), thus complicating diagnosis and treatment. Histoplasmosis is one of the most frequent opportunistic infections caused by fungal pathogens among people living with HIV in the Americas and may be responsible for 5-15% of AIDS-related deaths every year in this Region. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of disseminated histoplasmosis in persons living with HIV. Although the burden of disease is concentrated in the Americas, the recommendations presented within these guidelines are applicable globally. These guidelines were produced in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) handbook for guideline development. The Guideline Development Group elaborated the final recommendations based on a systematic review of scientific literature and critical evaluation of the evidence available using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. These guidelines are intended for health-care providers, HIV program managers, policy-makers, national treatment advisory boards, researchers, and other professionals involved in caring for people who either have or may be at risk of developing disseminated histoplasmosis.

WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 6

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9240091297
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 6 by : World Health Organization

Download or read book WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 6 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2024-04-17 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing comorbidities and risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) is a crucial component of the World Health Organization (WHO)’s End TB Strategy. This WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 6: tuberculosis and comorbidities aims to support countries in scaling up people-centred care, based on the latest WHO recommendations on TB and key comorbidities, and drawing upon additional evidence, best practices and inputs from various experts and stakeholders obtained during WHO processes. It is intended for use by people working in ministries of health, particularly TB programmes and the relevant departments or programmes responsible for comorbidities and health-related risk factors for TB such as HIV, diabetes, undernutrition, substance use, and tobacco use, as well as programmes addressing mental health and lung health. This operational handbook is a living document and will include a separate section for each of the key TB comorbidities or health-related risk factors. The second edition includes guidance for HIV-associated TB and on mental health conditions, which are two conditions strongly associated with TB and which result in higher mortality, poorer TB treatment outcomes and negatively impact health-related quality of life. The operational handbook aims to facilitate early detection, proper assessment and adequate management of people affected by TB and comorbidities. Full implementation of this guidance is expected to have a significant impact on TB treatment outcomes and health-related quality of life for people affected by TB.

HIV Infection in Primary Care

Author : Stephen J. Gluckman (M.D.)
Publisher : Saunders
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis HIV Infection in Primary Care by : Stephen J. Gluckman (M.D.)

Download or read book HIV Infection in Primary Care written by Stephen J. Gluckman (M.D.) and published by Saunders. This book was released on 2002 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New therapies have changed the way doctors care for people with HIV, and have shifted treatment strategies to the outpatient setting. BUCKLEY: HIV INFECTION IN PRIMARY CARE is designed to give primary care providers concise and practical information on the diagnosis and management of patients infected with HIV. Part I, Early Infection, focuses on evaluating and testing patients at risk for HIV infection. These chapters will discuss how to monitor patients' immune system and when and how to treat them during this first stage, and keep them well for as long as possible. Part II focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of opportunistic infections and other manifestations of progressive infection. Part III discusses some special aspects of HIV infection, and the differential diagnosis of common syndromes in full blown AIDS.