Optimization Of Sustainable Enzymes Production

Download Optimization Of Sustainable Enzymes Production full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Optimization Of Sustainable Enzymes Production ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Optimization of Sustainable Enzymes Production

Author : J Satya Eswari
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000787753
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Optimization of Sustainable Enzymes Production by : J Satya Eswari

Download or read book Optimization of Sustainable Enzymes Production written by J Satya Eswari and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-11-29 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed as a reference book and presents a systematic approach to analyze evolutionary and nature-inspired population-based search algorithms. Beginning with an introduction to optimization methods and algorithms and various enzymes, the book then moves on to provide a unified framework of process optimization for enzymes with various algorithms. The book presents current research on various applications of machine learning and discusses optimization techniques to solve real-life problems. The book compiles the different machine learning models for optimization of process parameters for production of industrially important enzymes. The production and optimization of various enzymes produced by different microorganisms are elaborated in the book It discusses the optimization methods that help minimize the error in developing patterns and classifications, which further helps improve prediction and decision-making Covers the best-performing methods and approaches for optimization sustainable enzymes production with AI integration in a real-time environment Featuring valuable insights, the book helps readers explore new avenues leading towards multidisciplinary research discussions The book is aimed primarily at advanced undergraduates and graduates studying machine learning, data science and industrial biotechnology. Researchers and professionals will also find this book useful.

Agricultural Biomass for the Synthesis of Value-Added Materials

Author : Sankha Chakrabortty
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1040118283
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Agricultural Biomass for the Synthesis of Value-Added Materials by : Sankha Chakrabortty

Download or read book Agricultural Biomass for the Synthesis of Value-Added Materials written by Sankha Chakrabortty and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-09-30 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive guide to bioconversion approaches based on microorganisms and enzymes for the valorization of underused wastes of diverse categories to produce new products. Optimized conditions for microbial and enzymatic valorization are discussed, along with related biotechnological considerations, environmental considerations, bioprocess development, obstacles, and future outlooks. Biofuels, bioenergy, and other platform chemicals are only some of the products that can be produced through this book's explanation of the microbiological processes involved in the bioconversion and valorization of wastes.

Biohydrogen - Advances and Processes

Author : Carlos Ricardo Soccol
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031498186
Total Pages : 614 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (314 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Biohydrogen - Advances and Processes by : Carlos Ricardo Soccol

Download or read book Biohydrogen - Advances and Processes written by Carlos Ricardo Soccol and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Biotechnology for Biofuel Production and Optimization

Author : Carrie A Eckert
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0081000537
Total Pages : 574 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Biotechnology for Biofuel Production and Optimization by : Carrie A Eckert

Download or read book Biotechnology for Biofuel Production and Optimization written by Carrie A Eckert and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-01-19 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biotechnology for Biofuel Production and Optimization is the compilation of current research findings that cover the entire process of biofuels production from manipulation of genes and pathways to organisms and renewable feedstocks for efficient biofuel production as well as different cultivation techniques and process scale-up considerations. This book captures recent breakthroughs in the interdisciplinary areas of systems and synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, and bioprocess engineering for renewable, cleaner sources of energy. - Describes state-of-the-art engineering of metabolic pathways for the production of a variety of fuel molecules - Discusses recent advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering for rational design, construction, evaluation of novel pathways and cell chassis - Covers genome engineering technologies to address complex biofuel-tolerant phenotypes for enhanced biofuel production in engineered chassis - Presents the use of novel microorganisms and expanded substrate utilization strategies for production of targeted fuel molecules - Explores biohybrid methods for harvesting bioenergy - Discusses bioreactor design and optimization of scale-up

Bioprospecting of Plant Biodiversity for Industrial Molecules

Author : Santosh Kumar Upadhyay
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111971723X
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Bioprospecting of Plant Biodiversity for Industrial Molecules by : Santosh Kumar Upadhyay

Download or read book Bioprospecting of Plant Biodiversity for Industrial Molecules written by Santosh Kumar Upadhyay and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-06-22 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BIOPROSPECTING OF PLANT BIODIVERSITY FOR INDUSTRIAL MOLECULES A comprehensive collection of recent translational research on bioresource utilization and ecological sustainability Bioprospecting of Plant Biodiversity for Industrial Molecules provides an up-to-date overview of the ongoing search for biodiverse organic compounds for use in pharmaceuticals, bioceuticals, agriculture, and other commercial applications. Bringing together work from a panel of international contributors, this comprehensive monograph covers natural compounds of plants, endophyte enzymes and their applications in industry, plant bioprospecting in cosmetics, marine bioprospecting of seaweeds, and more. Providing global perspectives on bioprospecting of plant biodiversity, the authors present research on enzymes, mineral micro-nutrients, biopesticides, algal biomass, and other bioactive molecules. In-depth chapters assess the health impacts and ecological sustainability of the various biomolecules and identify existing and possible applications ranging from ecological restoration to production of essential oils and cosmetics. Other topics include, bio-energy crops as alternative fuel resources, the role of plants in phytoremediation of industrial waste, and the industrial applications of endophyte enzymes. This comprehensive resource: Includes a through introduction to plant biodiversity and bioprospecting Will further the knowledge of application of different plants and improve research investigation techniques. Summarizes novel approaches for researchers in food science, microbiology, biochemistry, and biotechnology Bioprospecting of Plant Biodiversity for Industrial Molecules is an indispensable compendium of biological research for scientists, researchers, graduate and postgraduate students, and academics in the areas of microbiology, food biotechnology, industrial microbiology, plant biotechnology, and microbial biotechnology.

Enzymes in Industry

Author : Wolfgang Aehle
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527617108
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Enzymes in Industry by : Wolfgang Aehle

Download or read book Enzymes in Industry written by Wolfgang Aehle and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-01-08 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading experts from all over the world present an overview of the use of enzymes in industry for: - the production of bulk products, such as glucose, or fructose - food processing and food analysis - laundry and automatic dishwashing detergents - the textile, pulp and paper and animal feed industries - clinical diagnosis and therapy - genetic engineering. The book also covers identification methods of new enzymes and the optimization of known ones, as well as the regulatory aspects for their use in industrial applications. Up to date and wide in scope, this is a chance for non-specialists to acquaint themselves with this rapidly growing field. '...The quality...is so great that there is no hesitation in recommending it as ideal reading for any student requiring an introduction to enzymes. ...Enzymes in Industry - should command a place in any library, industrial or academic, where it will be frequently used.' The Genetic Engineer and Biotechnologist 'Enzymes in Industry' is an excellent introduction into the field of applied enzymology for the reader who is not familiar with the subject. ... offers a broad overview of the use of enzymes in industrial applications. It is up-to-date and remarkable easy to read, despite the fact that almost 50 different authors contributed. The scientist involved in enzyme work should have this book in his or her library. But it will also be of great value to the marketing expert interested in the present use of enzymes and their future in food and nonfood applications.' Angewandte Chemie 'This book should be available to all of those working with, or aspiring to work with, enzymes. In particular academics should use this volume as a source book to ensure that their 'new' projects will not 'reinvent the wheel'.' Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology

Biomass Hydrolyzing Enzymes

Author : Reeta Rani Singhania
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1003851827
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Biomass Hydrolyzing Enzymes by : Reeta Rani Singhania

Download or read book Biomass Hydrolyzing Enzymes written by Reeta Rani Singhania and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-05-06 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference book provides advanced knowledge about lignocellulosic biomass production and its application in biomass hydrolysis. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant, ubiquitous, and renewable raw material in the world. Though biomass can be deconstructed by other means, biological ways through enzymes are eco-friendly and sustainable. Biomass Hydrolyzing Enzymes: Basics, Advancements, and Applications discusses the different enzymes used for degrading biomass into its monomeric components. It covers important topics like biorefineries, hydrolysis of algal mass, kinetic modelling for hydrolysis, inhibitory effects, and more. Key Features Highlights recent developments in biorefineries, specific enzymes, inhibitor tolerance, and enhanced efficiencies Provides details on various kinds of biomass hydrolysis including algal biomass Includes the best practices for getting economic and efficient high conversions of biomass Covers strategies to be adopted for increasing the production of highly efficient enzymes Explores the advancements in lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis The book is suitable for researchers and students in biotechnology, applied microbiology, and environmental sciences.

Industrial Enzyme Applications

Author : Andreas Vogel
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527343857
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Industrial Enzyme Applications by : Andreas Vogel

Download or read book Industrial Enzyme Applications written by Andreas Vogel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-10-28 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference is a "must-read": It explains how an effective and economically viable enzymatic process in industry is developed and presents numerous successful examples which underline the efficiency of biocatalysis.

Grand Challenges in Fungal Biotechnology

Author : Helena Nevalainen
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030295419
Total Pages : 534 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Grand Challenges in Fungal Biotechnology by : Helena Nevalainen

Download or read book Grand Challenges in Fungal Biotechnology written by Helena Nevalainen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-08 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the major applications and potential of fungal biotechnology. The respective chapters report on the latest advances and opportunities in each topic area, proposing new and sustainable solutions to some of the major challenges faced by modern society. Aimed at researchers and biotechnologists in academia and industry, it represents essential reading for anyone interested in fungal biotechnology, as well as those working within the broader area of microbial biotechnology. Written in an accessible language, the book also offers a valuable reference resource for decision-makers in government and at non-governmental organizations who are involved in the development of cleaner technologies and the global bioeconomy. The 21st century is characterized by a number of critical challenges in terms of human health, developing a sustainable bioeconomy, facilitating agricultural production, and establishing practices that support a cleaner environment. While there are chemical solutions to some of these challenges, developing bio-based approaches is becoming increasingly important. Filamentous fungi, ‘the forgotten kingdom,’ are a group of unique organisms whose full potential has yet to be revealed. Some key properties, such as their exceptional capacity to secrete proteins into the external environment, have already been successfully harnessed for the production of industrial enzymes and cellulosic biofuels. Many further aspects discussed here –such as feeding the hungry with fungal protein, and the potential applications of the various small molecules produced by fungi –warrant further exploration. In turn, the book covers the use of fungal cell factories to produce foreign molecules, e.g. for therapeutics. Strategies including molecular approaches to strain improvement, and recent advances in high-throughput technologies, which are key to finding better products and producers, are also addressed. Lastly, the book discusses the advent of synthetic biology, which is destined to greatly expand the scope of fungal biotechnology. The chapter “Fungal Biotechnology in Space: Why and How?” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License at link.springer.com.

Enzymes in the Valorization of Waste

Author : Pradeep Verma
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000683087
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Enzymes in the Valorization of Waste by : Pradeep Verma

Download or read book Enzymes in the Valorization of Waste written by Pradeep Verma and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-12-19 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Enzymes in Valorization of waste: Enzymatic pre-treatment of waste for development of enzyme based biorefinery" focusses on the role of key delignifying enzymes (Laccase, MnP, LiP and LPMO’s) involved in biomass pre-treatment. The role of these enzymes such as hemicellulose, chitinases, and pectinases are discussed exhaustively including enzyme assisted recovery of high value phenolic compounds and value-added compounds generated during the pre-treatment process. All chapters cover broad topics and thematic areas associated with the pre-treatment step of biorefinery including enzyme mediated water treatment and its associated applications in biofuels, biorefineries and bioconversion. Features: Highlights mechanistic approach how the enzyme being able to regulate the delignification. Discusses advantages of the enzymatic delignification over other physical and chemical methods. Illustrates role of enzymes such as pectinase and chitinases and breaking down of biomass recalcitrance due to presence of pectin and chitin. Consolidates details on de-lignifying enzymes ((Laccase, MnP, LiP and LPMO’s) suitable in biomass pretreatment. Explores role of delignifying enzymes in high value phenolic compounds recovery during the enzymatic delignification. This book aims at Graduate students, Researchers and related Industry Professionals in Biochemical Engineering, Environmental Science, Wastewater Treatment, Biotechnology, Applied Microbiology, Biomass Based Biorefinery, Biochemistry, Green Chemistry, Sustainable Development, Waste Treatment, Enzymology, Microbial Biotechnology, and Waste Valorization.

Factories of the Future

Author : Tullio Tolio
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319943588
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Factories of the Future by : Tullio Tolio

Download or read book Factories of the Future written by Tullio Tolio and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.This book presents results relevant in the manufacturing research field, that are mainly aimed at closing the gap between the academic investigation and the industrial application, in collaboration with manufacturing companies. Several hardware and software prototypes represent the key outcome of the scientific contributions that can be grouped into five main areas, representing different perspectives of the factory domain:1) Evolutionary and reconfigurable factories to cope with dynamic production contexts characterized by evolving demand and technologies, products and processes.2) Factories for sustainable production, asking for energy efficiency, low environmental impact products and processes, new de-production logics, sustainable logistics.3) Factories for the People who need new kinds of interactions between production processes, machines, and human beings to offer a more comfortable and stimulating working environment.4) Factories for customized products that will be more and more tailored to the final user’s needs and sold at cost-effective prices.5) High performance factories to yield the due production while minimizing the inefficiencies caused by failures, management problems, maintenance.This books is primarily targeted to academic researchers and industrial practitioners in the manufacturing domain.

Role of Materials Science in Food Bioengineering

Author : Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128115009
Total Pages : 580 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Role of Materials Science in Food Bioengineering by : Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu

Download or read book Role of Materials Science in Food Bioengineering written by Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-03-29 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Role of Materials Science in Food Bioengineering, Volume 19 in the Handbook of Food Bioengineering, presents an up-to-date review of the most recent advances in materials science, further demonstrating its broad applications in the food industry and bioengineering. Many types of materials are described, with their impact in food design discussed. The book provides insights into a range of new possibilities for the use of materials and new technologies in the field of food bioengineering. This is an essential reference on bioengineering that is not only ideal for researchers, scientists and food manufacturers, but also for students and educators. - Discusses the role of material science in the discovery and design of new food materials - Reviews the medical and socioeconomic impact of recently developed materials in food bioengineering - Includes encapsulation, coacervation techniques, emulsion techniques and more - Identifies applications of new materials for food safety, food packaging and consumption - Explores bioactive compounds, polyphenols, food hydrocolloids, nanostructures and other materials in food bioengineering

Agricultural Biomass Nanocatalysts for Green Energy Applications

Author : Manish Srivastava
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819716233
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (197 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Agricultural Biomass Nanocatalysts for Green Energy Applications by : Manish Srivastava

Download or read book Agricultural Biomass Nanocatalysts for Green Energy Applications written by Manish Srivastava and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Byproducts from Agriculture and Fisheries

Author : Benjamin K. Simpson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119383978
Total Pages : 738 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (193 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Byproducts from Agriculture and Fisheries by : Benjamin K. Simpson

Download or read book Byproducts from Agriculture and Fisheries written by Benjamin K. Simpson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-11-04 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ranging from biofuels to building materials, and from cosmetics to pharmaceuticals, the list of products that may be manufactured using discards from farming and fishery operations is extensive. Byproducts from Agriculture and Fisheries examines the procedures and technologies involved in this process of reconstitution, taking an environmentally aware approach as it explores the developing role of value-added byproducts in the spheres of food security, waste management, and climate control. An international group of authors contributes engaging and insightful chapters on a wide selection of animal and plant byproducts, discussing the practical business of byproduct recovery within the vital contexts of shifting socio-economic concerns and the emergence of green chemistry. This important text: Covers recent developments, current research, and emerging technologies in the fields of byproduct recovery and utilization Explores potential opportunities for future research and the prospective socioeconomic benefits of green waste management Includes detailed descriptions of procedures for the transformation of the wastes into of value-added food and non-food products With its combination of practical instruction and broader commentary, Byproducts from Agriculture and Fisheries offers essential insight and expertise to all students and professionals working in agriculture, environmental science, food science, and any other field concerned with sustainable resources.

Recent Advancement in White Biotechnology Through Fungi

Author : Ajar Nath Yadav
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 303010480X
Total Pages : 582 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Recent Advancement in White Biotechnology Through Fungi by : Ajar Nath Yadav

Download or read book Recent Advancement in White Biotechnology Through Fungi written by Ajar Nath Yadav and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-08 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: White biotechnology, or industrial biotechnology as it is also known, refers to the use of living cells and/or their enzymes to create industrial products that are more easily degradable, require less energy, create less waste during production and sometimes perform better than products created using traditional chemical processes. Over the last decade considerable progress has been made in white biotechnology research, and further major scientific and technological breakthroughs are expected in the future. Fungi are ubiquitous in nature and have been sorted out from different habitats, including extreme environments (high temperature, low temperature, salinity and pH), and may be associated with plants (epiphytic, endophytic and rhizospheric). The fungal strains are beneficial as well as harmful for human beings. The beneficial fungal strains may play important roles in the agricultural, industrial, and medical sectors. The fungal strains and their products (enzymes, bioactive compounds, and secondary metabolites) are very useful for industry (e.g., the discovery of penicillin from Penicillium chrysogenum). This discovery was a milestone in the development of white biotechnology as the industrial production of penicillin and antibiotics using fungi moved industrial biotechnology into the modern era, transforming it into a global industrial technology. Since then, white biotechnology has steadily developed and now plays a key role in several industrial sectors, providing both high value nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products. The fungal strains and bioactive compounds also play an important role in environmental cleaning. This volume covers the latest developments and research in white biotechnology with a focus on diversity and enzymes.

Microbial Oxidative Enzymes

Author : Arti Gupta
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3111062236
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Microbial Oxidative Enzymes by : Arti Gupta

Download or read book Microbial Oxidative Enzymes written by Arti Gupta and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2023-12-31 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial oxidative enzymes are in need of today and in the future also. Several microbial oxidative enzymes are being used by various sectors like food, agriculture, medicine, detergents, leather, paper, etc. Microbial oxidative enzymes are a natural product, hence, the application of these enzymes is eco-friendly. Oxidative enzymes from microbes like bacteria, and fungi will be helpful in numerous applications including plant-soil health management, and waste treatments. This book will be more informative as well as useful for related industries and end users and will be of great value to those interested in present-day research on oxidation-reduction enzymes. In the coming years, this book will be a game changer for the field of oxidative enzyme development and its applications.

Industrialization of Biology

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309316553
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Industrialization of Biology by : National Research Council

Download or read book Industrialization of Biology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-06-29 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tremendous progress in biology over the last half century - from Watson and Crick's elucidation of the structure of DNA to today's astonishing, rapid progress in the field of synthetic biology - has positioned us for significant innovation in chemical production. New bio-based chemicals, improved public health through improved drugs and diagnostics, and biofuels that reduce our dependency on oil are all results of research and innovation in the biological sciences. In the past decade, we have witnessed major advances made possible by biotechnology in areas such as rapid, low-cost DNA sequencing, metabolic engineering, and high-throughput screening. The manufacturing of chemicals using biological synthesis and engineering could expand even faster. A proactive strategy - implemented through the development of a technical roadmap similar to those that enabled sustained growth in the semiconductor industry and our explorations of space - is needed if we are to realize the widespread benefits of accelerating the industrialization of biology. Industrialization of Biology presents such a roadmap to achieve key technical milestones for chemical manufacturing through biological routes. This report examines the technical, economic, and societal factors that limit the adoption of bioprocessing in the chemical industry today and which, if surmounted, would markedly accelerate the advanced manufacturing of chemicals via industrial biotechnology. Working at the interface of synthetic chemistry, metabolic engineering, molecular biology, and synthetic biology, Industrialization of Biology identifies key technical goals for next-generation chemical manufacturing, then identifies the gaps in knowledge, tools, techniques, and systems required to meet those goals, and targets and timelines for achieving them. This report also considers the skills necessary to accomplish the roadmap goals, and what training opportunities are required to produce the cadre of skilled scientists and engineers needed.