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Optimization Of Multimodal Evacuation Of Large Scale Transportation Networks
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Book Synopsis Optimization of Multimodal Evacuation of Large-Scale Transportation Networks by : Hossam Mohamed Abd El-Hamid Abd El-Gawad
Download or read book Optimization of Multimodal Evacuation of Large-Scale Transportation Networks written by Hossam Mohamed Abd El-Hamid Abd El-Gawad and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Large-Scale Evacuation Network Model for Transporting Evacuees with Multiple Priorities by : Hyeong Suk Na
Download or read book Large-Scale Evacuation Network Model for Transporting Evacuees with Multiple Priorities written by Hyeong Suk Na and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are increasing numbers of natural disasters occurring worldwide, particularly in populated areas. Such events affect a large number of people causing injuries and fatalities. With ever increasing damage being caused by large-scale natural disasters, the need for appropriate evacuation strategies has grown dramatically. Providing rapid medical treatment is of utmost importance in such circumstances. The problem of transporting patients to medical facilities is a subject of research that has been studied to some extent. One of the challenges is to find a strategy that can maximize the number of survivors and minimize the total cost simultaneously under a given set of resources and geographic constraints. However, some existing mathematical programming methodologies cannot be applied effectively to such large-scale problems. In this thesis, two mathematical optimization models are proposed for abating the extensive damage and tragic impact by large-scale natural disasters. First of all, a mathematical optimization model called Triage-Assignment-Transportation (TAT) model is suggested in order to decide on the tactical routing assignment of several classes of evacuation vehicles between staging areas and shelters in the nearby area. The model takes into account the severity level of the evacuees, the evacuation vehicles' capacities, and available resources of each shelter. TAT is a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and minimum-cost flow problem. Comprehensive computational experiments are performed to examine the applicability and extensibility of the TAT model. Secondly, a MILP model is addressed to solve the large-scale evacuation network problem with multi-priorities evacuees, multiple vehicle types, and multiple candidate shelters. An exact solution approach based on modified Benders' decomposition is proposed for seeking relevant evacuation routes. A geographical methodology for a more realistic initial parameter setting is developed by employing spatial analysis techniques of a GIS. The objective is to minimize the total evacuation cost and to maximize the number of survivors simultaneously. In the first stage, the proposed model identifies the number and location of shelters and strategy to allocate evacuation vehicles. The subproblem in the second stage determines initial stock and distribution of medical resources. To validate the proposed model, the solutions are compared with solutions derived from two solution approaches, linear programming relaxation and branch-and-cut algorithm. Finally, results from comprehensive computational experiments are examined to determine applicability and extensibility of the proposed model. The two evacuation models for large-scale natural disasters can offer insight to decision makers about the number of staging areas, evacuation vehicles, and medical resources that are required to complete a large-scale evacuation based on the estimated number of evacuees. In addition, we believe that our proposed model can serve as the centerpiece for a disaster evacuation assignment decision support system. This would involve comprehensive collaboration with LSNDs evacuation management experts to develop a system to satisfy their needs. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152810
Book Synopsis A Transportation Guide for All-hazards Emergency Evacuation by : Deborah Matherly
Download or read book A Transportation Guide for All-hazards Emergency Evacuation written by Deborah Matherly and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2013 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 740: A Transportation Guide for All-Hazards Emergency Evacuation focuses on the transportation aspects of evacuation, particularly large-scale, multijurisdictional evacuation. The guidance, strategies, and tools in NCHRP Report 740 are based on an all-hazards approach that has applicability to a wide range of "notice" and "no-notice" emergency events. The report follows the basic planning steps of the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Comprehensive Preparedness Guide (CPG) 101. Each chapter parallels one of the six main CPG steps. Each chapter is further subdivided into smaller, discrete tasks, with cross-references to tools--such as templates or checklists--that are shown at the end of each chapter and are on a CD-ROM included with the print version of the report."--Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Large-Scale Evacuation by : Michael K. Lindell
Download or read book Large-Scale Evacuation written by Michael K. Lindell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large-Scale Evacuation introduces the reader to the steps involved in evacuation modelling for towns and cities, from understanding the hazards that can require large-scale evacuations, through understanding how local officials decide to issue evacuation advisories and households decide whether to comply, to transportation simulation and traffic management strategies. The author team has been recognized internationally for their research and consulting experience in the field of evacuations. Collectively, they have 125 years of experience in evacuation, including more than 140 projects for federal and state agencies. The text explains how to model evacuations that use the road transportation network by combining perspectives from social scientists and transportation engineers, fields that have commonly approached evacuation modelling from distinctly different perspectives. In doing so, it offers a step-by-step guide through the key questions needed to model an evacuation and its impacts to the evacuation route system as well as evacuation management strategies for influencing demand and expanding capacity. The authors also demonstrate how to simulate the resulting traffic and evacuation management strategies that can be used to facilitate evacuee movement and reduce unnecessary demand. Case studies, which identify key points to analyze in an evacuation plan, discuss evacuation termination and re-entry, and highlight challenges that someone developing an evacuation plan or model should expect, are also included. This textbook will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, and advanced students.
Book Synopsis Selected Papers from the 13th Estuarine and Coastal Modeling Conference by : Henry J. Bokuniewicz
Download or read book Selected Papers from the 13th Estuarine and Coastal Modeling Conference written by Henry J. Bokuniewicz and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-10-02 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Selected Papers from the 13th Estuarine and Coastal Modeling Conference" that was published in JMSE
Book Synopsis A Dynamic Network Flow Optimization for Large-scale Emergency Evacuation by : 林鵬
Download or read book A Dynamic Network Flow Optimization for Large-scale Emergency Evacuation written by 林鵬 and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Large-Scale Evacuation by : Michael K. Lindell
Download or read book Large-Scale Evacuation written by Michael K. Lindell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large-Scale Evacuation introduces the reader to the steps involved in evacuation modelling for towns and cities, from understanding the hazards that can require large-scale evacuations, through understanding how local officials decide to issue evacuation advisories and households decide whether to comply, to transportation simulation and traffic management strategies. The author team has been recognized internationally for their research and consulting experience in the field of evacuations. Collectively, they have 125 years of experience in evacuation, including more than 140 projects for federal and state agencies. The text explains how to model evacuations that use the road transportation network by combining perspectives from social scientists and transportation engineers, fields that have commonly approached evacuation modelling from distinctly different perspectives. In doing so, it offers a step-by-step guide through the key questions needed to model an evacuation and its impacts to the evacuation route system as well as evacuation management strategies for influencing demand and expanding capacity. The authors also demonstrate how to simulate the resulting traffic and evacuation management strategies that can be used to facilitate evacuee movement and reduce unnecessary demand. Case studies, which identify key points to analyze in an evacuation plan, discuss evacuation termination and re-entry, and highlight challenges that someone developing an evacuation plan or model should expect, are also included. This textbook will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, and advanced students.
Download or read book LISS2019 written by Juliang Zhang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 965 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on AI and data-driven technical and management innovations in logistics, informatics and services. The respective papers analyze in detail the latest fundamental advances in the state of the art and practice of logistics, informatics, service operations and service science. The book gathers the outcomes of the “9th International Conference on Logistics, Informatics and Service Sciences,” which was held at the University of Maryland, USA.
Book Synopsis Creating Resilient Transportation Systems by : John Renne
Download or read book Creating Resilient Transportation Systems written by John Renne and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-02-05 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Creating Resilient Transportation Systems: Policy, Planning and Implementation demonstrates how the transportation sector is a leading producer of carbon emissions that result in climate change and extreme weather disruptions and disasters. In the book, Renne, Wolshon, Murray-Tuite, Pande and Kim demonstrate how to minimize the transportation impacts associated with these urban disasters, with an ultimate goal of returning them to at least status quo in the shortest feasible time. Assesses the short and long-term impacts of transportation systems on the natural environment at local, regional and global scales Examines transportation systems in relation to risk, vulnerability, adaptation, mitigation, sustainability, climate change and livability Shows how urban transportation investments in transit, walking and bicycling result in significantly lower per capita carbon emissions when compared to investing in sprawling, automobile dependent regions
Book Synopsis Intelligent Transportation and Evacuation Planning by : Arab Naser
Download or read book Intelligent Transportation and Evacuation Planning written by Arab Naser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-09 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intelligent Transportation and Evacuation Planning: A Modeling-Based Approach provides a new paradigm for evacuation planning strategies and techniques. Recently, evacuation planning and modeling have increasingly attracted interest among researchers as well as government officials. This interest stems from the recent catastrophic hurricanes and weather-related events that occurred in the southeastern United States (Hurricane Katrina and Rita). The evacuation methods that were in place before and during the hurricanes did not work well and resulted in thousands of deaths. This book offers insights into the methods and techniques that allow for implementing mathematical-based, simulation-based, and integrated optimization and simulation-based engineering approaches for evacuation planning.
Book Synopsis Handbook of OR/MS Models in Hazardous Materials Transportation by : Rajan Batta
Download or read book Handbook of OR/MS Models in Hazardous Materials Transportation written by Rajan Batta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-06 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation defines hazardous materials (hazmat) as a substance or material capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, or property when transported in commerce. Hazmat accidents can result in significant impact to the population (death, injuries) and damage to the environment (destroyed or damaged buildings and infrastructure). Further, hazmat, especially explosive materials, can potentially be used by terrorists to attack civilians or to destroy critical infrastructure. This handbook provides models from Operations Research and Management Science that study various activities involving hazmat transportation: risk assessment, route planning, location decisions, evacuation planning, and emergency planning for terrorist attacks. There are two important research areas in hazmat transportation that are widely studied in the literature: risk assessment and shipment planning. In the risk assessment area, important issues include measurement of accident probabilities and consequences in hazmat transport. Example works in the risk assessment area include modeling risk probability distribution over given areas, considering hazmat types and transport modes, and environmental conditions. The first half of this handbook covers the two fields of risk assessment and shipment planning, while the second half of this handbook provides useful models and insights on other important issues including location problems for undesirable facilities, network interdiction, terrorist attack, and evacuation.
Book Synopsis Mapping Evacuation Risk on Transportation Networks Using a Spatial Optimization Model by : Richard L. Church
Download or read book Mapping Evacuation Risk on Transportation Networks Using a Spatial Optimization Model written by Richard L. Church and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Risk Analysis VIII by : C. A. Brebbia
Download or read book Risk Analysis VIII written by C. A. Brebbia and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2012-09-01 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprised of the papers presented at the eighth, and latest, International Conference Simulation in Risk Analysis and Hazard Mitigation, this book covers a topic of increasing importance. Scientific knowledge is essential to our better understanding of risk. Natural hazards such as floods, earthquakes, landslides, fires and others, have always affected human societies. Man-made hazards, however, played a comparatively small role until the industrial revolution when the risk of catastrophic events started to increase due to the rapid growth of new technologies and the urbanisation of populations. The interaction of natural and anthropogenic risks adds to the complexity of the problem.Due to advances in computational methods and the ability to model systems more precisely we can now quantify hazards, simulate their effects and calculate risk with greater accuracy, enabling us to manage risk much more effectively. These developments are particularly relevant to environmental issues, where substantial risks are involved. Governments, and their publics, now place a high priority on effective risk management and the mitigation of possible hazards. Covering topics such as: Estimation of Risk; Risk Management; Vulnerability; Geomorphologic Risk; Network Systems; Climate Change Risks; Hazard Prevention; Management and Control; Security and Public Safety; Transportation Safety; Safe Ship Operations; Early Warning Systems; Food Safety; Risk Perception; Natural Hazards; Technological Risk, the book will be of interest to planners, emergency managers, environmentalists, engineers, policy makers and other government officials, researchers and academics involved in the field of risk and disaster management.
Book Synopsis Multimodal Solutions for Large Scale Evacuations by : Panos M. Pardalos
Download or read book Multimodal Solutions for Large Scale Evacuations written by Panos M. Pardalos and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis STUDIES IN LARGE-SCALE EVACUATION NETWORK FLOW STOCHASTIC OPTIMIZATION UNDER SOCIAL INFLUENCE. by : Hyeong Suk Na
Download or read book STUDIES IN LARGE-SCALE EVACUATION NETWORK FLOW STOCHASTIC OPTIMIZATION UNDER SOCIAL INFLUENCE. written by Hyeong Suk Na and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evacuation is indispensable for protecting the land and lives in the target areas that are likely to be hit by big hurricanes. In the aftermath of recent hurricanes such as Irma, Maria and Michael, the importance of a tactical evacuation plan has been emphasized once more in order to avoid heavy casualties and substantial social costs. However, the inherent uncertainty in departure time choice of the evacuees causes numerous challenges to emergency management agencies. On the other hand, social media is transforming the communication paths to share the evacuation-related information in real-time; therefore, one of the main factors influencing the evacuation departure time of the evacuees is definitely social media. That said, in spite of the significant effect of the evacuation departure uncertainties on the evacuation traffic flows, there are only very few evacuation studies considering the effect of social influence.Furthermore, during an evacuation, serious traffic congestion can arise due to the sudden increase of traffic flow on the hurricane evacuation routes. In general, traffic congestion occurs when demand exceeds the capacity of road networks, which is followed by forming queues upstream of bottlenecks. One of the puzzling phenomena in traffic is that the capacity can suddenly drop at active bottlenecks; as a result, such capacity drop phenomenon can cause more serious gridlock. Many empirical experiments indicate that the magnitude of capacity drop differs under the influence of several factors and ranges from 3% to 20%. In particular, during the hurricane evacuation, traffic congestion may lead to not only evacuation impediments but also lower compliance rates. As such, the uncertainty in road capacity caused by the capacity drop phenomenon makes it harder to facilitate the evacuation efforts.In this dissertation, we first propose a stochastic network flow model to generate a hurricane evacuation plan considering the effect of social networks in the affected areas. We describe human evacuation behavior using a time inhomogeneous, discrete-time Markov chain, which corresponds to adopting a stochastic S-shaped response curve to model the departure trend of evacuees. The proposed model is developed based on the Cell Transmission Model with joint chance constraints and it is handled by the sample average approximation method and Monte Carlo simulation techniques. Subsequently, we contemplate the efficient evacuation strategy to cope with complex traffic flow under uncertainty in road capacity. This is because Cell Transmission Model cannot fully consider more complex traffic phenomena such as capacity drop. Hence, we define the new fundamental relation between traffic flow and density to describe the capacity drop phenomenon. Based on the fundamental relation, two alternative models are proposed to incorporate the capacity drop phenomenon into the traffic flow model. The objective of these models is to maximize the utilization of the traffic network during the evacuation period before a hurricane landfall. Several numerical case studies are provided to examine the applicability of the proposed models and to understand the effect of the evacuation traffic flows on various evacuation scenarios with different road capacities and human evacuation behavior.We believe that these evacuation studies can serve as a useful tool for decision-makers such as emergency management agencies to model a large-scale hurricane evacuation plan. In addition, our large-scale evacuation models can be usefully leveraged when a smart city is designed with autonomous and connected vehicles considering the regulation of increased traffic flow and cybersecurity. This would involve interdisciplinary collaboration with emergency management agencies and various urban scientists and planners to develop a system to meet their needs.
Book Synopsis Development of a Mass Evacuation Decision Support Tool by : MD Jahedul Alam
Download or read book Development of a Mass Evacuation Decision Support Tool written by MD Jahedul Alam and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents a sequential modelling framework of a mass evacuation decision support (MEDS) tool and develops countermeasures to improve mass evacuation processes. The study develops a large-scale traffic evacuation microsimulation model to design, test and evaluate contrasting evacuation scenarios, and evacuation improvement strategies, alternatively countermeasures. One of the notable contributions of this study is that it combines a flood risk and a traffic microsimulation model to assess evacuation operations under floods of different extremes. The microsimulation model uses evacuation demands obtained from a Halifax regional transport network model and considers a dynamic traffic assignment process to capture time-dependent traffic congestion propagation in the network. The study extends the microsimulation model by the inclusion of a transit network to meet the transportation needs of the transit-dependent population during evacuation. The study develops a Mixed Integer Linear Programming-based optimization model to identify marshal point locations and transit routes for a multimodal evacuation. The study leverages the simulation model to analyze further complexity, including vehicle collision-related traffic disruptions during evacuation. A combined Bayes theory and Monte Carlo simulation approach is adopted to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of collision hotspots and their occurrence during evacuation. The application of the developed modules has been instrumental in the design and implementation of countermeasures. The study designs, implements, and evaluates two strategic level countermeasures, namely staged and bus-based evacuation. The study innovates a fuzzy logic-based prioritization process for a staged evacuation based on the zonal vulnerability index. The study develops a Bayesian Belief Network-based vulnerability assessment model that provides a combined zonal vulnerability index considering geophysical, social and mobility characteristics. The study formulates a Knapsack optimization problem following a dynamic programming solution approach to allocate buses to evacuees. The uniqueness of the countermeasures developed in this research is that they ascertain a vulnerability-based prioritization of evacuees for evacuation. The countermeasures offer promising results in terms of evacuation time and network congestion improvements within the traffic microsimulation model. The MEDS tool will be helpful for emergency engineers and planners to understand potential impacts of wide-ranging magnitudes associated with a mass evacuation and plan mitigations proactively.
Book Synopsis Optimal Integrated Dynamic Traffic Assignment and Signal Control for Evacuation of Large Traffic Networks with Varying Threat Levels by : Neema Nassir
Download or read book Optimal Integrated Dynamic Traffic Assignment and Signal Control for Evacuation of Large Traffic Networks with Varying Threat Levels written by Neema Nassir and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research contributes to the state of the art and state of the practice in solving a very important and computationally challenging problem in the areas of urban transportation systems, operations research, disaster management, and public policy. Being a very active topic of research during the past few decades, the problem of developing an efficient and practical strategy for evacuation of real-sized urban traffic networks in case of disasters from different causes, quickly enough to be employed in immediate disaster management scenarios, has been identified as one of the most challenging and yet vital problems by many researchers. More specifically, this research develops fast methods to find the optimal integrated strategy for traffic routing and traffic signal control to evacuate real-sized urban networks in the most efficient manner. In this research a solution framework is proposed, developed and tested which is capable of solving these problems in very short computational time. An efficient relaxation-based decomposition method is proposed, implemented for two evacuation integrated routing and signal control model formulations, proven to be optimal for both formulations, and verified to reduce the computational complexity of the optimal integrated routing and signal control problem. The efficiency of the proposed decomposition method is gained by reducing the integrated optimal routing and signal control problem into a relaxed optimal routing problem. This has been achieved through an insight into intersection flows in the optimal routing solution: in at least one of the optimal solutions of the routing problem, each street during each time interval only carries vehicles in at most one direction. This property, being essential to the proposed decomposition method, is called "unidirectionality" in this dissertation. The conditions under which this property exists in the optimal evacuation routing solution are identified, and the existence of unidirectionality is proven for: (1) the common Single-Destination System-Optimal Dynamic Traffic Assignment (SD-SODTA) problem, with the objective to minimize the total time spent in the threat area; and, (2) for the single-destination evacuation problem with varying threat levels, with traffic models that have no spatial queue propagation. The proposed decomposition method has been implemented in compliance with two widely-accepted traffic flow models, the Cell Transmission Model (CTM) and the Point Queue (PQ) model. In each case, the decomposition method finds the optimal solution for the integrated routing and signal control problem. Both traffic models have been coded and applied to a realistic real-size evacuation scenario with promising results. One important feature that is explored is the incorporation of evacuation safety aspects in the optimization model. An index of the threat level is associated with each link that reflects the adverse effects of traveling in a given threat zone on the safety and health of evacuees during the process of evacuation. The optimization problem is then formulated to minimize the total exposure of evacuees to the threat. A hypothetical large-scale chlorine gas spill in a high populated urban area (downtown Tucson, Arizona) has been modeled for testing the evacuation models where the network has varying threat levels. In addition to the proposed decomposition method, an efficient network-flow solution algorithm is also proposed to find the optimal routing of traffic in networks with several threat zones, where the threat levels may be non-uniform across different zones. The proposed method can be categorized in the class of "negative cycle canceling" algorithms for solving minimum cost flow problems. The unique feature in the proposed algorithm is introducing a multi-source shortest path calculation which enables the efficient detection and cancellation of negative cycles. The proposed method is proven to find the optimal solution, and it is also applied to and verified for a mid-size test network scenario.
