Optimization Of Crystalline Nanocellulose Cnc Preparation Condition From Oil Palm Fronds Opf

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Optimization of Crystalline Nanocellulose (CNC) Preparation Condition from Oil Palm Fronds (OPF)

Author : Sin Ye Chuah
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimization of Crystalline Nanocellulose (CNC) Preparation Condition from Oil Palm Fronds (OPF) by : Sin Ye Chuah

Download or read book Optimization of Crystalline Nanocellulose (CNC) Preparation Condition from Oil Palm Fronds (OPF) written by Sin Ye Chuah and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaysia is one of the largest palm oil producers in the world. About 90% of the biomass waste is produced from oil palm industries and oil palm fronds (OPF) consist of 57.96% of the biomass waste. OPF contain higher percentage of cellulose which can further break down into crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) by acid hydrolysis. Optimization was done on the preparation condition of CNC to increases the yield of CNC produced. The effect of the reaction time, reaction temperature and sulfuric acid concentration on the yield of CNC were investigated by single-factor experiment (Preliminary Process) and the preparation conditions were optimized with response surface methodology. The obtained CNC were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy. The results showed the yield of CNC tend to increases when the reaction time, reaction temperature and sulfuric acid concentration is increases to 40 minutes, 60 °C and 65% v/v, but reduced after that. Under optimal conditions, the yield and the crystallinity of CNC with the crystal form of cellulose is 30.35%.

Optimization of Crystalline Nanocellulose (CNC) Preparation Condition from Coconut Husk

Author : Yu Lian Ong
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 51 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimization of Crystalline Nanocellulose (CNC) Preparation Condition from Coconut Husk by : Yu Lian Ong

Download or read book Optimization of Crystalline Nanocellulose (CNC) Preparation Condition from Coconut Husk written by Yu Lian Ong and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) is a derived of cellulose with nano size that can be found in many lignocellulosic biomass such as coconut husk. CNC has its special features on developing new materials as well as to improve the performance of other products. CNC can be produced by two steps of dissolution process namely alkaline pretreatment and followed by acid hydrolysis. Three of the operating parameters were identified in this research known as temperature, reaction time and solvent concentration. Central Composite Design (CCD) was used in analyzing the optimum conditions of CNC production. There were 12 runs of preliminary analysis and 20 runs optimization analysis was carried out. From the result obtained, the optimum condition for CNC production was 60.00 min, 62.50 °C and 65.50% and the highest solubility obtained was 26.53%. Characterization of the CNC was also carried out by using equipment Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to analyse the bond strength of CNC and surface structure respectively. Overall, this project optimize the production of CNC via dissolution of coconut husk with acid hydrolysis which is a common and economical method.

Solubility Enhancement of Crystalline Nanocellulose (cnc) Via Dissolution of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (opefb)

Author : You Ying Koo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Solubility Enhancement of Crystalline Nanocellulose (cnc) Via Dissolution of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (opefb) by : You Ying Koo

Download or read book Solubility Enhancement of Crystalline Nanocellulose (cnc) Via Dissolution of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (opefb) written by You Ying Koo and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is one of the lignocellulosic waste materials that found abundantly in nature. Substantial amount of these residues create environmental problem if not dispose properly. However, by producing valuable product which is crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) from OPEFB able to simplify the disposal process. Since there is limited study on solubility enhancement of CNC from OPEFB by using hydrochloric acid, the aim of this project was to optimize the operating conditions of production of crystalline nanocellulose (CNC). Three operating parameters of solid to liquid ratio, reaction time and solvent concentration were studied. All three parameters were optimized for maximum yield of CNC by using Design of Experiment (DOE) software. From this project, the optimum condition to obtain the highest solubility of CNC from the dissolution of OPEFB of 32.13% has been found to be at solid to liquid ratio of 0.05, reaction time of 136.81 minutes and solvent concentration of 57.81 wt%. The solubility of CNC achieved after optimization process shows an increment of 16 % by comparing with others researchers. The CNC produced was also studied for its characterization using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectorcopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. The novelty of this project is that CNC was able to be produced from a variety of lignocellulosic material which is sustainable and renewable natural resource.

Enhancing the Solubility of Crystalline Nanocellulose (cnc) Via Dissolution of Coconut Husk

Author : Min Yan Lai
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Enhancing the Solubility of Crystalline Nanocellulose (cnc) Via Dissolution of Coconut Husk by : Min Yan Lai

Download or read book Enhancing the Solubility of Crystalline Nanocellulose (cnc) Via Dissolution of Coconut Husk written by Min Yan Lai and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) is one subcategory of nanocellulose. The demand of nanocellulose has to increase tremendously over last few decades due to numerous applications in industry and bio-based product. In this project, CNC has been produced by dissolution of coconut husk using acid hydrolysis. Alkaline pre-treatment has been carried out to remove lignin and hemicellulose. The modeling of the design of experiment for optimization study of the dissolution process is conducted by using Design Expert software version 7.1.6. This experimental design is conducted in order to optimize the solubility of CNC with a significant parameter that affecting the solubility of CNC. The parameters that have been used are reaction time, solid to liquid ratio and acid concentration. The design of experiment (DOE) software has been carried out; the optimum condition to obtain highest CNC solubility was at 120 min, 60 % acid concentration and 1:25 g/mL solid to liquid ratio with the 32.022 % CNC solubility. CNC produced has been analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). This research will focus on the preparation of CNC and its optimization condition to enhance the solubility of CNC from coconut husk.

Solubility Enhancement of Crystalline Nanocellulose (CNC) Via Dissolution of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB)

Author : Jasmine Fong Jie Min
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 53 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Solubility Enhancement of Crystalline Nanocellulose (CNC) Via Dissolution of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) by : Jasmine Fong Jie Min

Download or read book Solubility Enhancement of Crystalline Nanocellulose (CNC) Via Dissolution of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) written by Jasmine Fong Jie Min and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) has been widely recognized as an important material with high potential in contributing to a wide range of field. In this project, CNC has been produced by dissolution of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) using ionic liquid treatment. As for the pretreatment process, alkaline pretreatment has been carried out as it removes lignin and hemicellulose effectively before proceeding with ionic liquid treatment. The solubility of CNC from OPEFB has been optimised based on its effect of temperature, process time and solvent concentration. From this project, the optimum condition to obtain the highest solubility of CNC from the dissolution of OPEFB of 31.44% has been found to be at temperature of 95 °C, process time of 129 minutes and solvent concentration of 95%. The CNC produced was also studied for its characterization using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectorcopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. The novelity of this project is that the CNC is produced using a green and environmental friendly approach by using the ionic liquid, 1-butyl-metylimidazolium chloride, BmimCl, which is known to be a green solvent that is recyclable.

Materials, Design, and Manufacturing for Sustainable Environment

Author : Santhakumar Mohan
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811598096
Total Pages : 909 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Materials, Design, and Manufacturing for Sustainable Environment by : Santhakumar Mohan

Download or read book Materials, Design, and Manufacturing for Sustainable Environment written by Santhakumar Mohan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-06 with total page 909 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises the select proceedings of the International Conference on Materials, Design and Manufacturing for Sustainable Environment (ICMDMSE 2020). The primary focus is on emerging materials and cutting-edge manufacturing technologies for sustainable environment. The book covers a wide range of topics such as advanced materials, vibration, tribology, finite element method (FEM), heat transfer, fluid mechanics, energy engineering, additive manufacturing, robotics and automation, automobile engineering, industry 4.0, MEMS and nanotechnology, optimization techniques, condition monitoring, and new paradigms in technology management. Contents of this book will be useful to students, researchers, and practitioners alike.

Sustainable Preparation of Metal Nanoparticles

Author : Rafael Luque
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1849734283
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (497 download)

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Book Synopsis Sustainable Preparation of Metal Nanoparticles by : Rafael Luque

Download or read book Sustainable Preparation of Metal Nanoparticles written by Rafael Luque and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2013 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely publication bridges and presents the latest trends and updates in three hot topics of current and future society: nanomaterials, energy and environment. It provides the state-of-the-art as well as current challenges and advances in the sustainable preparation of metal nanoparticles and their applications. The book fills a critical gap in a multidisciplinary area of high economic, social and environmental importance. Currently, there are no books published that deal with these ever increasing important topics, as most books in this area focus on a particular topic (eg. nanomaterials or catalysis or energy or environment). This is the first multidisciplinary edited book covering the very basics to the more advanced, trendy developments, containing a unique blend of nano, green, renewable and bio.

Green Biocomposites

Author : Mohammad Jawaid
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319493825
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Green Biocomposites by : Mohammad Jawaid

Download or read book Green Biocomposites written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-11 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the concept, design and application of green biocomposites, with a specific focus on the current demand for green biocomposites for automotive and aerospace components. It discusses the mathematical background, innovative approaches to physical modelling, analysis and design techniques. Including numerous illustrations, tables, case studies and exercises, the text summarises current research in the field. It is a valuable reference resource for researchers, students and scientists working in the field of materials science.

Vegetable Fiber Composites and their Technological Applications

Author : Mohammad Jawaid
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811618542
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Vegetable Fiber Composites and their Technological Applications by : Mohammad Jawaid

Download or read book Vegetable Fiber Composites and their Technological Applications written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-18 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores vegetable fiber composite as an eco-friendly, biodegradable, and sustainable material that has many potential industrial applications. The use of vegetable fiber composite supports the sustainable development goals (SDGs) to utilize more sustainable and greener composite materials, which are also easy to handle and locally easily available with economical production costs. This book presents various types of vegetable fiber composite and its processing methods and treatments to obtain desirable properties for certain applications. The book caters to researchers and students who are working in the field of bio-composites and green materials.

Composites in Biomedical Applications

Author : S. M. Sapuan
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000175219
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Composites in Biomedical Applications by : S. M. Sapuan

Download or read book Composites in Biomedical Applications written by S. M. Sapuan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-09-27 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composites in Biomedical Applications presents a comprehensive overview on recent developments in composites and their use in biomedical applications. It features cutting-edge developments to encourage further advances in the field of composite research. Highlights a completely new research theme in polymer-based composite materials Outlines a broad range of different research fields, including polymer and natural fiber reinforcement used in the development of composites for biomedical applications Discusses advanced techniques for the development of composites and biopolymer-based composites Covers fatigue behavior, conceptual design in ergonomics design application, tissue regeneration or replacement, and skeletal bone repair of polymer composites Details the latest developments in synthesis, preparation, characterization, material evaluation, and future challenges of composite applications in the biomedical field This book is a comprehensive resource for advanced students and scientists pursuing research in the broad fields of composite materials, polymers, organic or inorganic hybrid materials, and nano-assembly.

Cellulose Nanocomposites

Author : American Chemical Society. Meeting
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Cellulose Nanocomposites by : American Chemical Society. Meeting

Download or read book Cellulose Nanocomposites written by American Chemical Society. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to cellulose nanocomposites; strategies for preparation of cellulose wiskers from microcrystalline cellulose as reinforcement in nanocomposites; self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals: parabolic focal conic films; cellulose fibrils: isolation, characterization, and capability for technical applications; morphology of cellulose and its nanocomposites; useful insights into cellulose nanocomposites using raman spectroscopy; novel methods for interfacial modification of cellulose - reinforced composites; cellulose nanocrystals for thermoplastic reinforcement: effect of filler surface chemistry on composite properties; the structure and mechanical properties of cellulose nanocomposites prepared by twin screw extrusion; preparation and properties of biopolymer-based nanocomposites films using microcrystalline cellulose; nanocompusites based on cellulose microfibril; cellulose microfibers as reinforcing agents for structural materials; dispersion of soybean stock-based nanofiber in plastic matrix; polysulfone-cellulose nanocomposites; bacterial cellulose and its nanocomposites for biomedical applications.

Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites

Author : Roger M. Rowell
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203492439
Total Pages : 505 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites by : Roger M. Rowell

Download or read book Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites written by Roger M. Rowell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-02-18 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The degradable nature of high-performance, wood-based materials is an attractive advantage when considering environmental factors such as sustainability, recycling, and energy/resource conservation. The Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites provides an excellent guide to the latest concepts and technologies in wood chemistry and bio-based composites. The book analyzes the chemical composition and physical properties of wood cellulose and its response to natural processes of degradation. It describes safe and effective chemical modifications to strengthen wood against biological, chemical, and mechanical degradation without using toxic, leachable, or corrosive chemicals. Expert researchers provide insightful analyses of the types of chemical modifications applied to polymer cell walls in wood, emphasizing the mechanisms of reaction involved and resulting changes in performance properties. These include modifications that increase water repellency, fire retardancy, and resistance to ultraviolet light, heat, moisture, mold, and other biological organisms. The text also explores modifications that increase mechanical strength, such as lumen fill, monomer polymer penetration, and plasticization. The Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites concludes with the latest applications, such as adhesives, geotextiles, and sorbents, and future trends in the use of wood-based composites in terms of sustainable agriculture, biodegradability and recycling, and economics. Incorporating over 30 years of teaching experience, the esteemed editor of this handbook is well-attuned to educational demands as well as industry standards and research trends.

Green Nanomaterials

Author : Shakeel Ahmed
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811535604
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Green Nanomaterials by : Shakeel Ahmed

Download or read book Green Nanomaterials written by Shakeel Ahmed and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-16 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises a collection of chapters on advances in green nanomaterials. The book looks at ways to establish long‐term safe and sustainable forms of nanotechnology through implementation of nanoparticle biosynthesis with minimum impact on the ecosystem. The book looks at synthesis, processing, and applications of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials and also at bio-nanomaterials. The contents of this book will prove useful for researchers and professionals working in the field of nanomaterials and green technology.

Cellulose-Reinforced Nanofibre Composites

Author : Mohammad Jawaid
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0081009658
Total Pages : 563 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Cellulose-Reinforced Nanofibre Composites by : Mohammad Jawaid

Download or read book Cellulose-Reinforced Nanofibre Composites written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-06 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellulose-Reinforced Nanofibre Composites: Production, Properties and Applications presents recent developments in, and applications of, nanocellulose as reinforcement in composite and nanocomposite materials. Written by leading experts, the book covers properties and applications of nanocellulose, including the production of nanocellulose from different biomass resources, the usefulness of nanocellulose as a reinforcement for polymer and paper, and major challenges for successful scale-up production in the future. The chapters draw on cutting-edge research on the use of nanosized cellulose reinforcements in polymer composites that result in advanced material characteristics and significant enhancements in physical, mechanical and thermal properties. The book presents an up-to-date review of the major innovations in the field of nanocellulose and provides a reference material for future research in biomass based composite materials, which is timely due to the sustainable, recyclable and eco-friendly demand for highly innovative materials made from biomass. This book is an ideal source of information for scientific and industrial researchers working in materials science. - Gathers together a broad spectrum of research on nanocellulose, with emphasis on the outstanding reinforcing potential when nanocellulose is included into a polymer matrix or as an additive to paper - Demonstrates systematic approaches and investigations from processing, design, characterization and applications of nanocellulose - Presents a useful reference and technical guide for nanocomposite materials R&D sectors, university academics and postgraduate students (Masters and PhD) and industrialists working in material commercialization

Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials

Author : Krzysztof Pielichowski
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859574980
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials by : Krzysztof Pielichowski

Download or read book Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials written by Krzysztof Pielichowski and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the thermal degradation of polymers is of paramount importance for developing a rational technology of polymer processing and higher-temperature applications. Controlling degradation requires understanding of many different phenomena, including chemical mechanisms, the influence of polymer morphology, the complexities of oxidation chemistry, and the effects of stabilisers, fillers and other additives. This book offers a wealth of information for polymer researchers and processors requiring an understanding of the implications of thermal degradation on material and product performance.

Biopolymer Nanocomposites

Author : Alain Dufresne
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118609905
Total Pages : 535 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Biopolymer Nanocomposites by : Alain Dufresne

Download or read book Biopolymer Nanocomposites written by Alain Dufresne and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sets forth the techniques needed to create a vast array of useful biopolymer nanocomposites Interest in biopolymer nanocomposites is soaring. Not only are they green and sustainable materials, they can also be used to develop a broad range of useful products with special properties, from therapeutics to coatings to packaging materials. With contributions from an international team of leading nanoscientists and materials researchers, this book draws together and reviews the most recent developments and techniques in biopolymer nano-composites. It describes the preparation, processing, properties, and applications of bio- polymer nanocomposites developed from chitin, starch, and cellulose, three renewable resources. Biopolymer Nanocomposites features a logical organization and approach that make it easy for readers to take full advantage of the latest science and technology in designing these materials and developing new products and applications. It begins with a chapter reviewing our current understanding of bionanocomposites. Next, the book covers such topics as: Morphological and thermal investigations of chitin-based nanocomposites Applications of starch nanoparticle and starch-based bionanocomposites Spectroscopic characterization of renewable nanoparticles and their composites Nanocellulosic products and their applications Protein-based nanocomposites for food packaging Throughout the book, detailed case studies of industrial applications underscore the unique challenges and opportunities in developing and working with biopolymer nanocomposites. There are also plenty of figures to help readers fully grasp key concepts and techniques. Exploring the full range of applications, Biopolymer Nanocomposites is recommended for researchers in a broad range of industries and disciplines, including biomedical engineering, materials science, physical chemistry, chemical engineering, and polymer science. All readers will learn how to create green, sustainable products and applications using these tremendously versatile materials.

Bionanocomposites for Packaging Applications

Author : Mohammad Jawaid
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331967319X
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Bionanocomposites for Packaging Applications by : Mohammad Jawaid

Download or read book Bionanocomposites for Packaging Applications written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a unified overview of eco-friendly bionanocomposites on the basis of characterization, design, manufacture, and application. It also explores replacing conventional materials with bionanocomposites with a focus on their use in packaging applications. In addition, the book broadens readers’ insights by providing illustrations and tables summarizing the latest research on the packaging applications of different bionanocomposites. By offering a detailed account of this field of research and describing real-world applications, it enables researchers, scientists, and professionals in industry to develop a more informed understanding of the need for bionanocomposites in the development of green, biodegradable, and sustainable packaging applications.