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Optimisation Of Corrosion Control For Lead In Drinking Water Using Computational Modelling Techniques
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Book Synopsis Optimisation of Corrosion Control for Lead in Drinking Water Using Computational Modelling Techniques by : Colin Hayes
Download or read book Optimisation of Corrosion Control for Lead in Drinking Water Using Computational Modelling Techniques written by Colin Hayes and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-15 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many respects, lead in drinking water has become a forgotten problem, since the mid 1980s when a range of environmental controls were implemented to reduce exposure to lead. This is largely because the sampling protocols, that underpin regulatory controls, are mostly inadequate and have tended to under-estimate the amount of lead that can be present in drinking water (IWA, 2010). Optimisation of Corrosion Control for Lead in Drinking Water Using Computational Modelling Techniques shows how compliance modelling has been used to very good effect in the optimisation of plumbosolvency control in the United Kingdom, particularly in the optimisation of orthophosphate dosing. Over 100 water supply systems have been modelled, involving 30% of the UK’s water companies. This “proof-of-concept” project has the overall objective of demonstrating that these modelling techniques could also be applicable to the circumstances of Canada and the United States, via three case studies. This report is the first in the Research Report Series published by the IWA Specialist Group on Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water. Authors: Dr. C. R. Hayes and Dr. T. N. Croft Collaborators A. Campbell, City of Ottawa Water (CA) I. P. Douglas, City of Ottawa Water (CA) P. Gadoury, Providence Water (US) M. R. Schock, US Environmental Protection Agency (US)
Book Synopsis Best Practice Guide on the Control of Lead in Drinking Water by : Colin Hayes
Download or read book Best Practice Guide on the Control of Lead in Drinking Water written by Colin Hayes and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2010-03-31 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water Set - buy all five books together to save over 30%! Visit: http://iwapublishing.com The Best Practice Guide on the Control of Lead in Drinking Water brings together, for the first time, all of the regulatory, health, monitoring, risk assessment, operational and technological issues relevant to the control of lead in drinking water. Its focus is Europe and North America and the Guide benefits from the input of an international research network involving 28 countries. A large range of illustrative examples and case studies are provided. The Guide will be of interest to scientists, engineers, regulators and health specialists who are involved in the provision of safe drinking water. The reader will gain a comprehensive understanding of how to assess lead in drinking water problems, both in the water supply systems that serve a City, Town or rural area and at individual properties, dependent on their knowledge of pipe-work circumstances and water quality. Options for corrective action are outlined and their strengths and weaknesses explained, with information on costs and environmental impact. The reader should then be able to develop a strategy for controlling lead in drinking water in their area, establish an appropriate monitoring programme, select the right combination of corrective measures, and define the level of risk reduction that will likely be achieved. The Best Practice Guide provides a succinct compilation of the wide range of issues that relate to lead in drinking water, at a time when the regulations are under review in both Europe and North America. It will also be very relevant to all those implementing the Protocol on Water and Health, as lead in drinking water has recently been adopted as one of the key issues requiring assessment, improvement planning and reporting. The key features are: For the first time, all the complex inter-related aspects of lead in drinking water have been brought together. The detailed explanations given on sampling and monitoring should avoid mistakes being repeated. The information on optimising corrective treatment measures is the most comprehensive to date. The Best Practice Guide will facilitate the protection of water consumers from lead contamination and reduce associated health risks. This Guide is one of a series produced by the International Water Association’s Specialist Group on Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water. It is a state-of-the-art compilation of the range of scientific, engineering, regulatory and operational issues concerned with the control of lead in drinking water. Download the free Guide for Small Community Water Suppliers and Local Health Officials on Lead in Drinking Water at: http://iwapublishing.com/books/9781843393801/guide-small-community-water-suppliers-and-local-health-officials-lead-drinking Visit the IWA WaterWiki to read and share material related to this title:http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/LeadinDrinkingWater
Download or read book Seminar Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Internal Corrosion Control of Water Supply Systems by : Colin Hayes
Download or read book Internal Corrosion Control of Water Supply Systems written by Colin Hayes and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2012-08-31 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water Set - buy all five books together to save over 30%! This Code of Practice is concerned with metal pick-up by drinking water within the water supply chain, particularly from water mains and from domestic and institutional pipe-work systems. The principal metals of interest are copper, iron, and lead, and to a lesser extent nickel and zinc. The emphasis is on cold drinking water at its point of use by consumers. Metals arising from water sources and hot water systems are not considered. The intention is that this Code of Practice establishes an international standard for the control of internal corrosion of water supply systems. It provides a basis for identifying both problems and sustainable solutions in a manner which is sound scientifically and will help operators to achieve due diligence. It provides a template for improving internal corrosion control in countries, cities or towns where this has been neglected or poorly implemented. Internal Corrosion Control of Water Supply Systems is deliberately brief in its presentation of a wide array of complex information, in order to provide direction to practitioners that can be more easily related to their specific circumstances. The book also provides a series of check-lists and criteria to be used in risk assessment. Editor: Dr Colin R Hayes, University of Swansea, UK, Chair of IWA Specialist Group on Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water.
Book Synopsis Reducing Lead in Drinking Water by : Ronnie Levin
Download or read book Reducing Lead in Drinking Water written by Ronnie Levin and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Minimising Lead in Drinking Water by : Colin Hayes
Download or read book Minimising Lead in Drinking Water written by Colin Hayes and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2016-03-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is only available as part of the on-line course (DW01) Please click here for information. A discount of 20% is offered on the course if you enter the discount code IWAP20. It is an integral part of the on-line course that provides comprehensive knowledge of how to minimise lead in drinking water and is available only through enrolment on the Minimising Lead in Drinking Water Course which is self-paced and self-assessed. It can be accessed from a PC, laptop, tablet or smart phone and involves 20 hours of learning, including exercises. The course carries the value of 2 CPD/CEU points and is accredited by the CPD Standards Office in London. The five main learning outcomes provide: a good appreciation of the factors that determine the concentrations of lead in drinking water. the ability to undertake a diagnostic assessment. the knowledge of how to apply risk management principles. the ability to develop a cost-effective control strategy. the ability to optimize corrosion control treatment and to quantify associated benefits in public health protection. Pitched at Masters degree level, the material is suitable for graduates in a relevant subject or for those with more than five years of professional experience in the area. The course is relevant to scientific, engineering, operational and regulatory personnel, with an international audience in mind.
Book Synopsis Post-optimization Lead and Copper Control Monitoring Strategies by : G. Kirmeyer
Download or read book Post-optimization Lead and Copper Control Monitoring Strategies written by G. Kirmeyer and published by International Water Assn. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is designed to assist utilities in add
Book Synopsis Modelling of Cathodic Protection Systems by : R. A. Adey
Download or read book Modelling of Cathodic Protection Systems written by R. A. Adey and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2005-11-04 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an introduction to the state-of-the-art in computer modelling of corrosion and related electrochemical processes. Aimed at corrosion engineers, physicists, and model developers, this book contains contributions from the researchers and developers of corrosion modelling tools and users who apply the technology in their industry.
Book Synopsis Best Practice Guide on the Management of Metals in Small Water Supplies by : Matthew Bower
Download or read book Best Practice Guide on the Management of Metals in Small Water Supplies written by Matthew Bower and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The management of small water supplies presents a unique challenge globally, in countries at all stages of development. A combination of lack of resources, limited understanding of the risks and poor expertise means that individuals and communities may face serious health risks from these supplies. This is not only due to microbiological contamination, but also from contamination by metals, either due to natural or man-made contamination of the source water or through leaching from plumbing materials due to inadequate conditioning and corrosion inhibition and use of inappropriate materials. This Best Practice Guide aims to share best practice and experience from around the world on a practical level. It looks at general issues relating to small supplies and ways of managing these, adopting a Water Safety Plan approach to deliver sound and lasting improvements to quality. Management techniques and treatment relating to specific metals will be covered, from a theoretical and practical perspective, to deliver a publication that will act as an authoritative guide for all those faced with the problem of ensuring the quality of a small water supply. Varied case-studies will help to illustrate issues and ways in which they have been resolved. Table of contents The Difficulties of Managing Water Quality in Small Water Supplies; What are Small Supplies?; The Management and Regulation of Small Water Supplies; The Vulnerability of Small Water Supplies to Contamination by Metals; Water Safety Plans for Small Water Supplies; Making WSPs Work for Small Supplies; Teamwork- The Value of a WSP Team; A Practical Guide to Developing a WSP for a Small Supply; Practical Guidance for Risk Assessments; Establishing the Metals Problem: Risk Assessment, Sampling and Analysis; The Range of Possible Problems; Metal Solubility and Influencing Factors; Risk Assessment of Small Water Supply Systems; Sampling and Analysis; Consumer Awareness; Sources of Metals in Small Water Supplies; Origin of Contaminants; Contamination of Surface Waters; Contamination of Ground Water; Contamination from Treatment Processes; Contamination in Distribution Pipework; Contamination from Plumbing Fittings; Water Treatment Processes Available for Use on Small Water Systems; Process Selection; Types of Treatment; Practical Considerations of Treatment for Metals in Small Water Supplies; Iron; Manganese; Conditioning of Water to Prevent Dissolution of Plumbing Materials or Post-treatment Contamination; Treatment is Only Part of the Story; Indications and Effects of Post-treatment Metal Contamination in Small Water Supplies; Establishing the Source of the Problem; Factors Controlling the Corrosion of Metals into Small Water Supplies; The Conditioning of Water to Minimise Corrosion; Manual of Individual Metals in Small Water Supplies, Aluminium, Antimony, Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium, Boron, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Nickel, Selenium, Tin, Tungsten, Uranium, Vanadium, Zinc; Case Studies; Arsenic removal in Small Supplies in Italy; A New Borehole Supply with Iron Removal for a Single Property in England, UK; Metals in Small Water Supplies in Areas of Water Scarcity in African Regions; Unexplained Lead Contamination of a Small Water Supply in Northern Scotland EDITORS Matt Bower, Drinking Water Quality Regulator for Scotland, UK Colin Hayes, Swansea University, UK
Book Synopsis Corrosion Prevention and Control in Water Treatment and Supply Systems by : J.E. Singley
Download or read book Corrosion Prevention and Control in Water Treatment and Supply Systems written by J.E. Singley and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1985-12-31 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to preventing and monitoring corrosion within municipal water systems. Includes case histories and reviews of monitoring, detection, prevention, and control techniques.
Book Synopsis Lead and Copper Monitoring Guidance for Water Systems Serving 3,301 to 10,000 Persons by :
Download or read book Lead and Copper Monitoring Guidance for Water Systems Serving 3,301 to 10,000 Persons written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selected Water Resources Abstracts by :
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lead(IV) Oxide in Drinking Water Systems by : Weiyi Pan
Download or read book Lead(IV) Oxide in Drinking Water Systems written by Weiyi Pan and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lead (Pb) in tap water is mainly contributed by lead service lines (LSLs). The dissolved lead concentration is controlled by the solubilities of lead corrosion products that form on the inner surface of LSLs. Among these lead corrosion products, lead(IV) oxide (PbO2) has the lowest solubility and can maintain a low lead level when free chlorine is present. Current strategies to control the lead concentration include replacing the LSL, optimizing the water chemistry conditions, and using point-of-use (POU) filters. The present study investigated the effect of manganese (Mn) on the oxidation of the lead(II) carbonate solids by free chlorine, the impact of dissolved copper and zinc on PbO2 reductive dissolution, and the redox-driven recrystallization of PbO2. Opportunities to use POU filters as lead monitoring devices were explored, and a specific challenge to POU filter performance for lead removal was also investigated.The effect of manganese on lead(II) carbonate oxidation was determined in batch and flow-through experiments, solid characterization, and kinetic modeling. Lead(IV) oxide can form via the oxidation of lead(II) carbonate solids by free chlorine. Manganese is present at appreciable concentrations in many water distribution systems. The oxidation of lead(II) carbonate is an auto-catalytic process, which means the product, PbO2, acts as a catalyst for the reaction. The presence of manganese can boost oxidation by forming Mn(IV) oxide, which catalyzes lead(II) oxidation. The effect of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) on PbO2 reductive dissolution was investigated under drinking water conditions. Although PbO2 has a low solubility, it is only stable when free chlorine is present. When free chlorine is depleted, PbO2 could undergo reductive dissolution. Other solutes in tap water may affect this reaction. Dissolved Zn(II) and Cu(II) are commonly detected in tap water and can be released into the water by copper pipes and brass fittings. The presence of Zn(II) and Cu(II) inhibits PbO2 reductive dissolution for reaction times less than12 h and enhances its reductive dissolution after 48 h. The inhibitory and enhancement effects were delineated with experimental methods coupled with solid characterization. Molecular-scale structures of surface complexes of Cu(II) and Zn(II) on PbO2 were determined with extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra. Interaction of dissolved Pb(II) and PbO2 was determined under free chlorine-depleted conditions. Lead(II) can be released by the dissolution of lead-containing corrosion products. The atom exchange between aqueous Pb(II) and solid Pb(IV)O2 was delineated using 207Pb(II) as an isotope tracer. After experiments, solids were collected for characterization, and no changes in the solid phase were detected using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Results from isotope exchange experiments and solid characterization establish that redox-driven of PbO2 recrystallization occurs upon its reaction with Pb(II). Challenges and opportunities were identified for POU filters. POU filters are certified to remove lead from tap water. Opportunities for POU filters include using them as lead monitoring devices and as lead exposure evaluation devices. These opportunities are built on (1) the ability of POU filters to accumulate the vast majority of lead from tap water and (2) the ability to fully recover the accumulated lead. Experiments showed that an acid flow-through method could achieve a >99% recovery from used POU filters. This method works for both dissolved and particulate lead and was tested with synthetic and real tap water. A challenge for POU filters is their underperformance for lead removal for some water compositions. When challenged in the laboratory with water containing lead phosphate particles with different ionic strengths and hardness, these filters failed to maintain a low lead concentration in the filtered water under low hardness and low ionic strength conditions.
Download or read book Lead Control Strategies written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization of Lead Leaching in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Relative to Water Age and Water Quality Parameters by :
Download or read book Characterization of Lead Leaching in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Relative to Water Age and Water Quality Parameters written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lead (Pb) leaching has occurred in the water distribution systems (WDSs) of many cities and towns in the United States. This heavy metal can dissolve in drinking water from lead pipes, lead solders and lead-containing plumbing fixtures. Exposure to lead can be seriously hazardous to human health, especially to children. While the treated water from water treatment plants does not generally contain lead, physical and chemical conditions in WDSs may cause lead to leach into the drinking water. Although the seriousness of lead corrosion in drinking water has long been recognized and researchers have analyzed the chemical causes of lead leaching, the use of computer water quality models combined with water quality parameters to analyze spatial locations and areas where lead leaching may occur has not been detailed. This study characterizes water age and its influence on water quality; especially lead leaching, in WDSs. The goal is for water utility managers and operators to efficiently target areas prone to lead leaching in WDSs. The approach has three components, (1) calculating water ages utilizing a computer water quality model, (2) analyzing spatially distributed water age and lead occurrence levels, and (3) evaluating the influences of other routinely monitored water quality parameters on lead leaching in water distribution systems. A water quality model is a model that is upgraded from an existing hydraulic trunk-main model using geographic information systems (GIS) about the WDSs. The results used in this study were calculated from the water quality models that are allowed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) to be applied in evaluating water quality in water distribution systems. The qualifications are determined and outlined by the US EPA for the initial distribution system evaluation (IDSE) from the recently promulgated Stage 2 Disinfection and Disinfectant Byproduct Rule (EPA, 2006). We then calculated the water age using the GIS-assi.
Book Synopsis Advances in Water Distribution Networks by : Giuseppe Pezzinga
Download or read book Advances in Water Distribution Networks written by Giuseppe Pezzinga and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-02-28 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Special Issue on Advances in Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) explores four important topics of research in the framework of WDNs, namely simulation and optimization modelling, topology and partitioning, water quality, and service effectiveness. With regard to the first topic, the following aspects are addressed: pressure-driven formulations, algorithms for the optimal location of control valves to minimize leakage, the benefits of water discharge prediction for the remote real time control of valves, and transients generated by pumps operating as turbines. In the context of the second topic, a topological taxonomy of WDNs is presented, and partitioning methods for the creation of district metered areas are compared. In relation to the third topic, the vulnerability to trihalomethane is assessed, and a statistical optimization model to minimize heavy metal releases is presented. Finally, the fourth topic focusses on the estimation of non-revenue water, including leakage and unauthorized consumption, and on the assessment of service under intermittent supply conditions.
Book Synopsis Lead and Copper by : American Water Works Association
Download or read book Lead and Copper written by American Water Works Association and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
