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Operations Of A Radioisotope Based Propulsion System Enabling Cubesat Exploration Of The Outer Planets
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Book Synopsis Operations of a Radioisotope-based Propulsion System Enabling CubeSat Exploration of the Outer Planets by :
Download or read book Operations of a Radioisotope-based Propulsion System Enabling CubeSat Exploration of the Outer Planets written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploration to the outer planets is an ongoing endeavor but in the current economical environment, cost reduction is the forefront of all concern. The success of small satellites such as CubeSats launched to Near-Earth Orbit has lead to examine their potential use to achieve cheaper science for deep space applications. However, to achieve lower cost missions; hardware, launch and operations costs must be minimized. Additionally, as we push towards smaller exploration beds with relative limited power sources, allowing for adequate communication back to Earth is imperative. Researchers at the Center for Space Nuclear Research are developing the potential of utilizing an advanced, radioisotope-based system. This system will be capable of providing both the propulsion power needed to reach the destination and the additional requirements needed to maintain communication while at location. Presented here are a basic trajectory analysis, communication link budget and concept of operations of a dual-mode (thermal and electric) radioisotope-based propulsion system, for a proposed mission to Enceladus (Saturnian icy moon) using a 6U CubeSat payload. The radioisotope system being proposed will be the integration of three sub-systems working together to achieve the overall mission. At the core of the system, stored thermal energy from radioisotope decay is transferred to a passing propellant to achieve high thrust - useful for quick orbital maneuvering. An auxiliary closed-loop Brayton cycle can be operated in parallel to the thrusting mode to provide short bursts of high power for high data-rate communications back to Earth. Additionally, a thermal photovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion system will use radiation heat losses from the core. This in turn can provide the electrical energy needed to utilize the efficiency of ion propulsion to achieve quick interplanetary transit times. The intelligent operation to handle all functions of this system under optimized conditions adds to the complexity of the mission architecture.
Book Synopsis Dual-Mode Propulsion System Enabling Cubesat Exploration of the Solar System Nasa Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) Phase I Final Report by :
Download or read book Dual-Mode Propulsion System Enabling Cubesat Exploration of the Solar System Nasa Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) Phase I Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is apparent the cost of planetary exploration is rising as mission budgets declining. Currently small scientific beds geared to performing limited tasks are being developed and launched into low earth orbit (LEO) in the form of small-scale satellite units, i.e., CubeSats. These micro- and nano-satellites are gaining popularity among the university and science communities due to their relatively low cost and design flexibility. To date these small units have been limited to performing tasks in LEO utilizing solar-based power. If a reasonable propulsion system could be developed, these CubeSat platforms could perform exploration of various extra-terrestrial bodies within the solar system engaging a broader range of researchers. Additionally, being mindful of mass, smaller cheaper launch vehicles (~1,000 kgs to LEO) can be targeted. This, in effect, allows for beneficial explora-tion to be conducted within limited budgets. Researchers at the Center for Space Nuclear Re-search (CSNR) are proposing a low mass, radioisotope-based, dual-mode propulsion system capable of extending the exploration realm of these CubeSats out of LEO. The proposed radioisotope-based system would leverage the high specific energies [J/kg] associated with radioisotope materials and enhance their inherent low specific powers [W/g]. This is accomplished by accumulating thermal energy from nuclear decay within a central core over time. This allows for significant amounts of power to be transferred to a flowing gas over short periods of time. In the proposed configuration the stored energy can be utilized in two ways: (1) with direct propellant injection to the core, the energy can be converted into thrust through the use of a converging-diverging nozzle and (2) by flowing a working fluid through the core and subsequent Brayton engine, energy within the core can be converted to electrical energy. The first scenario achieves moderate ranges of thrust, but at a higher Isp than traditional chemical-based systems. The second scenario allows for the production of electrical power, which is then available for electric-based propulsion. Additionally, once at location the production of electrical power can be dedicated to the payload's communication system for data transfer. Ultimately, the proposed dual-mode propulsion platform capitalizes on the benefits of two types of propulsion methods - the thrust of thermal propulsion ideal for quick orbital maneuvers and the specific impulse of electric propulsion ideal for efficient inter-planetary travel. Previous versions of this RTR-based concept have been studied for various applications [NETS 1-3]. The current version of this concept is being matured through a NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) Phase I grant, awarded for FY 2014. In this study the RTR concept is being developed to deliver a 6U CubeSat payload to the orbit of the Saturnian moon - Enceladus. Additionally, this study will develop an entire mission architecture for Enceladus targeting a total allowable launch mass of 1,000 kg.
Book Synopsis Radioisotope-Driven Dual-Mode Propulsion System for Cubesat-Scale Payloads to the Outer Planets by :
Download or read book Radioisotope-Driven Dual-Mode Propulsion System for Cubesat-Scale Payloads to the Outer Planets written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is apparent the cost of planetary exploration is rising as mission budgets declining. Currently small scientific beds geared to performing limited tasks are being developed and launched into low earth orbit (LEO) in the form of small-scale satellite units, i.e., CubeSats. These micro- and nano-satellites are gaining popularity among the university and science communities due to their relatively low cost and design flexibility. To date these small units have been limited to performing tasks in LEO utilizing solar-based power. If a reasonable propulsion system could be developed, these CubeSat platforms could perform exploration of various extra-terrestrial bodies within the solar system engaging a broader range of researchers. Additionally, being mindful of mass, smaller cheaper launch vehicles (approximately 1,000 kgs to LEO) can be targeted. Thus, in effect, allows for beneficial exploration to be conducted within limited budgets. Researchers at the Center for Space Nuclear Research (CSNR) are proposing a low mass, radioisotope-based, dual-mode propulsion system capable of extending the exploration realm of these CubeSats out of LEO.
Author :California Institute of Technology. Thermoelectric Outer Planets Spacecraft Project Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :438 pages Book Rating :4.E/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Thermoelectric Outer Planets Spacecraft (TOPS) Advanced Systems Technology Project by : California Institute of Technology. Thermoelectric Outer Planets Spacecraft Project
Download or read book Thermoelectric Outer Planets Spacecraft (TOPS) Advanced Systems Technology Project written by California Institute of Technology. Thermoelectric Outer Planets Spacecraft Project and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309463378 Total Pages :27 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Report Series: Committee on Astrobiology and Planetary Science by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Report Series: Committee on Astrobiology and Planetary Science written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-07-28 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study discusses the publicly available studies of future flagship- and New Frontiers-class missions NASA initiated since the completion of Vision and Voyages. The report considers the priority areas as defined in Vision and Voyages where publicly available mission studies have not been undertaken; appropriate mechanisms by which mission-study gaps might be filled in the near- to mid-term future; and other activities that might be undertaken in the near- to mid-term future to optimize and/or expedite the work of the next planetary science decadal survey committee.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721523597 Total Pages :30 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (235 download)
Book Synopsis Radioisotope Electric Propulsion for Fast Outer Planetary Orbiters by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Radioisotope Electric Propulsion for Fast Outer Planetary Orbiters written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-19 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent interest in outer planetary targets by the Office of Space Science has spurred the search for technology options to enable relatively quick missions to outer planetary targets. Several options are being explored including solar electric propelled stages combined with aerocapture at the target and nuclear electric propulsion. Another option uses radioisotope powered electric thrusters to reach the outer planets. Past work looked at using this technology to provide faster flybys. A better use for this technology is for outer planet orbiters. Combined with medium class launch vehicles and a new direct trajectory these small, sub-kilowatt ion thrusters and Stirling radioisotope generators were found to allow missions as fast as 5 to 12 years for objects from Saturn to Pluto, respectively. Key to the development is light spacecraft and science payload technologies. Oleson, Steven and Benson, Scott and Gefert, Leon and Patterson, Michael and Schreiber, Jeffrey Glenn Research Center NASA/TM-2002-211893, NAS 1.15:211893, E-13575, AIAA Paper 2002-3967
Book Synopsis Radioisotope Fueled Pulsed Power Generation System for Propulsion and Electrical Power for Deep Space Missions by : Troy Howe
Download or read book Radioisotope Fueled Pulsed Power Generation System for Propulsion and Electrical Power for Deep Space Missions written by Troy Howe and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Space exploration missions to the moon, Mars, and other celestial bodies have allowed for great scientific leaps to enhance our knowledge of the universe; yet the astronomical cost of these missions limits their utility to only a few select agencies. Reducing the cost of exploratory space travel will give rise to a new era of exploration, where private investors, universities, and world governments can send satellites to far off planets and gather important data. By using radioisotope power sources and thermal storage devices a duty cycle can be introduced to extract large amounts of energy in short amounts of time, allowing for efficient space travel. This duty cycle would be comprised of a period of power generation and a period of recharging. The same device can also provide electrical power for subsystems such as communications, drills, lasers, or other components that can provide valuable scientific information. This project examines the use of multiple radioisotope sources combined with a thermal capacitor using Phase Change Materials (PCMs), which can collect energy over a period of time. The radioisotope fuel provides heat that is stored in the PCM core, and that stored heat serves as the heat source for a Brayton power cycle when operating. The result of this design culminates in a variety of possible spacecraft with their own varying costs, transit times, and objectives. Among the most promising are missions to Mars, which cost less than $18M, missions that can provide power to satellite constellations for decades, or missions that can deliver large, sized payloads similar to the "Opportunity" rover (185kg) to Mars for less than $55M. All of these options can be made available to a much wider range of customer with commercially available satellite launches from earth. The true cost of such progress lies in the sometimes substantial increase in transit times for these missions. The results of this project showed that pulsed power systems enable a more customizable spacecraft that can effectively exchange cost for time, and make space exploration missions available to those who before could not afford to send equipment beyond the confines of Earth.
Book Synopsis Electrolysis Propulsion for Small-Scale Spacecraft by : Rodrigo A. Zeledon
Download or read book Electrolysis Propulsion for Small-Scale Spacecraft written by Rodrigo A. Zeledon and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, CubeSats have revolutionized small spacecraft missions. These miniature satellites began as educational projects but have lowered the bar for access to space and enabled research institutions and companies to launch technology demonstration and science missions in low Earth orbit. Propulsion systems small enough to fit in a CubeSat can extend the benefits of CubeSats beyond low Earth orbit, and potentially even allow for small-scale interplanetary missions. Propulsion systems designed for CubeSats must overcome severe restrictions in their chemistry, dimensions, mass and operation scheme for the sake of fitting within the CubeSat deployer and conforming to CubeSat specifications. This research presents a novel concept for small satellite propulsion based on the electrolysis of water. These systems are designed to ensure the safety of the launch vehicle and overcome the restrictions imposed by operating as a secondary payload by avoiding the use of hazardous materials, pressure vessels and explosives. Numerical analyses are used to predict the performance of the propulsion system. Vacuum chamber experiments on a prototype of the propulsion system are conducted to determine the performance of the system. An analysis of the attitude dynamics and operation of a satellite with an electrolysis propulsion system are presented. The propulsion system as well as the attitude control of the spacecraft are aided by the spacecraft's spin about its major axis of inertia. Energy damped by the water carried on board keeps the satellite stable and damps nutation caused by external torques and the use of the propulsion system. Several applications are presented for low earth orbit as well as interplanetary CubeSats. The design of a mission to navigate a CubeSat to lunar orbit as part of NASA's CubeQuest Challenge is detailed. Prospects for broader applications of this work involving distributed exploration using in-situ water are identified.
Book Synopsis New Opportunities for Outer Solar System Science Using Radioisotope Electric Propulsion by :
Download or read book New Opportunities for Outer Solar System Science Using Radioisotope Electric Propulsion written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, our questions and hypotheses about the Solar System's origin have surpassed our ability to deliver scientific instruments to deep space. The moons of the outer planets, the Trojan and Centaur minor planets, the trans-Neptunian objects (TNO), and distant Kuiper Belt objects (KBO) hold a wealth of information about the primordial conditions that led to the formation of our Solar System. Robotic missions to these objects are needed to make the discoveries, but the lack of deep-space propulsion is impeding this science. Radioisotope electric propulsion (REP) will revolutionize the way we do deep-space planetary science with robotic vehicles, giving them unprecedented mobility. Radioisotope electric generators and lightweight ion thrusters are being developed today which will make possible REP systems with specific power in the range of 5 to 10 W/kg. Studies have shown that this specific power range is sufficient to perform fast rendezvous missions from Earth to the outer Solar System and fast sample return missions. This whitepaper discusses how mobility provided by REP opens up entirely new science opportunities for robotic missions to distant primitive bodies. We also give an overview of REP technology developments and the required next steps to realize REP.
Book Synopsis Planetary Exploration Horizon 2061 by : Michel Blanc
Download or read book Planetary Exploration Horizon 2061 written by Michel Blanc and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-10-28 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Planetary Exploration Horizon 2061: A Long-Term Perspective for Planetary Exploration synthesizes all the material elaborated and discussed during three workshops devoted to the Horizon 2061 foresight exercise. Sections cover the science of planetary systems, space missions to solar system objects, technologies for exploration, and infrastructures and services to support the missions and to maximize their science return. The editors follow the path of the implementation of a planetary mission, from the needed support in terms of navigation and communication, through the handling of samples returned to Earth, to the development of more permanent infrastructures for scientific human outposts on the Moon and Mars. This book also includes a special chapter entirely devoted to contributions from students and early-career scientists: the “Horizon 2061 generation and a final chapter on important avenues for the actual implementation of the planetary missions coming out of our “Dreams for Horizon 2061 : International cooperation, and the growing role and initiatives of private enterprise in planetary exploration. Provides a logical link between scientific questions and the technologies needed to thoroughly address them Organized chapters present a logical road map of subjects, while also stimulating a cross-disciplinary understanding of the scientific and technical challenges of planetary exploration Contains illustrations and tables that capture and synthesize knowledge of a broad readership
Book Synopsis Spacecraft Operations by : Florian Sellmaier
Download or read book Spacecraft Operations written by Florian Sellmaier and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-14 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the basic concepts of spacecraft operations for both manned and unmanned missions. The first part of the book provides a brief overview of the space segment. The next four parts deal with the classic areas of space flight operations: mission operations, communications and infrastructure, the flight dynamics system, and the mission planning system. This is followed by a part describing the operational tasks of the various subsystems of a classical satellite in Earth orbit. The last part describes the special requirements of other mission types due to the presence of astronauts, the approach of a satellite to another target satellite, or leaving Earth orbit in interplanetary missions and landing on other planets and moons. The 2nd edition is published seven years after the first edition. It contains four new chapters on flight procedures, the human factors, ground station operation, and software and systems. In addition, several chapters have been extensively expanded. The entire book has been brought up to date and the language has been revised. This book is based on the “Spacecraft Operations Course” held at the German Space Operations Center. However, the target audience of this book is not only the participants of the course, but also students of technical and scientific courses, as well as technically interested people who want to gain a deeper understanding of spacecraft operations.
Book Synopsis Deep Space Propulsion by : K. F. Long
Download or read book Deep Space Propulsion written by K. F. Long and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-25 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technology of the next few decades could possibly allow us to explore with robotic probes the closest stars outside our Solar System, and maybe even observe some of the recently discovered planets circling these stars. This book looks at the reasons for exploring our stellar neighbors and at the technologies we are developing to build space probes that can traverse the enormous distances between the stars. In order to reach the nearest stars, we must first develop a propulsion technology that would take our robotic probes there in a reasonable time. Such propulsion technology has radically different requirements from conventional chemical rockets, because of the enormous distances that must be crossed. Surprisingly, many propulsion schemes for interstellar travel have been suggested and await only practical engineering solutions and the political will to make them a reality. This is a result of the tremendous advances in astrophysics that have been made in recent decades and the perseverance and imagination of tenacious theoretical physicists. This book explores these different propulsion schemes – all based on current physics – and the challenges they present to physicists, engineers, and space exploration entrepreneurs. This book will be helpful to anyone who really wants to understand the principles behind and likely future course of interstellar travel and who wants to recognizes the distinctions between pure fantasy (such as Star Trek’s ‘warp drive’) and methods that are grounded in real physics and offer practical technological solutions for exploring the stars in the decades to come.
Book Synopsis CubeSat Handbook by : Chantal Cappelletti
Download or read book CubeSat Handbook written by Chantal Cappelletti and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-09-25 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CubeSat Handbook: From Mission Design to Operations is the first book solely devoted to the design, manufacturing, and in-orbit operations of CubeSats. Beginning with an historical overview from CubeSat co-inventors Robert Twiggs and Jordi Puig-Suari, the book is divided into 6 parts with contributions from international experts in the area of small satellites and CubeSats. It covers topics such as standard interfaces, on-board & ground software, industry standards in terms of control algorithms and sub-systems, systems engineering, standards for AITV (assembly, integration, testing and validation) activities, and launch regulations. This comprehensive resource provides all the information needed for engineers and developers in industry and academia to successfully design and launch a CubeSat mission. Provides an overview on all aspects that a CubeSat developer needs to analyze during mission design and its realization Features practical examples on how to design and deal with possible issues during a CubeSat mission Covers new developments and technologies, including ThinSats and PocketQubeSats
Book Synopsis Guidelines and Metrics for Assessing Space System Cost Estimates by : Bernard Fox
Download or read book Guidelines and Metrics for Assessing Space System Cost Estimates written by Bernard Fox and published by RAND Corporation. This book was released on 2008 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Introduction / 2. Space system fundamentals / 3. Reviewing a cost estimate / 4. Space vehicle cost crosschecks / 5. Common issues in estimating space programs / 6. Resources for space system cost estimation / 7. Recommendations.
Book Synopsis Materials and Processes by : Barrie D. Dunn
Download or read book Materials and Processes written by Barrie D. Dunn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-29 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this book is to assist scientists and engineers select the ideal material or manufacturing process for particular applications; these could cover a wide range of fields, from light-weight structures to electronic hardware. The book will help in problem solving as it also presents more than 100 case studies and failure investigations from the space sector that can, by analogy, be applied to other industries. Difficult-to-find material data is included for reference. The sciences of metallic (primarily) and organic materials presented throughout the book demonstrate how they can be applied as an integral part of spacecraft product assurance schemes, which involve quality, material and processes evaluations, and the selection of mechanical and component parts. In this successor edition, which has been revised and updated, engineering problems associated with critical spacecraft hardware and the space environment are highlighted by over 500 illustrations including micrographs and fractographs. Space hardware captured by astronauts and returned to Earth from long durations in space are examined. Information detailed in the Handbook is applicable to general terrestrial applications including consumer electronics as well as high reliability systems associated with aeronautics, medical equipment and ground transportation. This Handbook is also directed to those involved in maximizing the relia bility of new materials and processes for space technology and space engineering. It will be invaluable to engineers concerned with the construction of advanced structures or mechanical and electronic sub-systems.
Book Synopsis Imaging Our Solar System: The Evolution of Space Mission Cameras and Instruments by : Bernard Henin
Download or read book Imaging Our Solar System: The Evolution of Space Mission Cameras and Instruments written by Bernard Henin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-28 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As we speak, stunning new snapshots of our Solar System are being transmitted to Earth by a fleet of space probes, landers, and rovers. Yet nowadays, it is all too easy to take such images for granted amidst the deluge of competing visuals we scroll through every day. To truly understand the value of these incredible space photos, we first need to understand the tools that made them possible. This is the story of imaging instruments in space, detailing all the technological missteps and marvels that have allowed us to view planetary bodies like never before. From the rudimentary cameras launched in the 1950’s to the cutting-edge imaging instruments onboard the Mars Perseverance rover, this book covers more than 100 imaging systems sent aboard various spacecraft to explore near and distant planetary bodies. Featured within are some of the most striking images ever received by these pioneering instruments, including Voyager’s Pale Blue Dot, Apollo’s Blue Marble, Venera’s images from the surface of Venus, Huygens’ images of Titan, New Horizon’s images of Pluto and Arrokoth, and much more. Along the way, you will learn about advancements in data transmission, digitization, citizen science, and other fields that revolutionized space imaging, helping us peer farther and more clearly across the Solar System.
Book Synopsis Propulsion Fundamentals by : James F. Connors
Download or read book Propulsion Fundamentals written by James F. Connors and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
