Opérationnaliser l'analyse du cycle de vie par l'approche multicritère d'aide à la décision

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Opérationnaliser l'analyse du cycle de vie par l'approche multicritère d'aide à la décision by : Breno Barros Telles Do Carmo

Download or read book Opérationnaliser l'analyse du cycle de vie par l'approche multicritère d'aide à la décision written by Breno Barros Telles Do Carmo and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La durabilité est un concept de plus en plus important qui oriente les stratégies au niveau des politiques publiques et des compagnies. Toutefois, la manière d'opérationnaliser de façon réaliste ce concept reste un défi. La prise de décision dans un contexte de durabilité repose sur la manière d'évaluer la performance environnementale, sociale et économique et aussi sur la façon de présenter les résultats aux décideurs dans le but de promouvoir des choix durables. L'analyse de la durabilité du cycle de vie (AdCV) des produits est une source d'information holistique pour appuyer les processus de prise de décision en vue d'une production et d'une consommation durables. Par contre, l'usage de ce genre de résultat dans la prise de décision en milieu organisationnel n'est pas évident à cause de trois caractéristiques intrinsèques à ce genre de mesure : (i) les indicateurs sont multidimensionnels (chaque indicateur est exprimé en unités différentes), (ii) les objectifs sont contradictoires dans la plupart des problèmes décisionnels (il est impossible de maximiser les performances de tous les indicateurs) et (iii) il existe une incertitude associée à l'évaluation de la performance. De plus, l'utilisation de l'AdCV dans le processus décisionnel dépend aussi de l'amélioration des méthodes d'analyse de cycle de vie, en particulier pour AcCV (Analyse du coût du cycle de vie) et AsCV (Analyse sociale du cycle de vie), en raison de l'absence de normes internationales, malgré les lignes directives proposées par l'UNEP/SETAC (United Nations Environment Program/Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. Cette thèse vise donc à promouvoir l'opérationnalisation du concept de durabilité dans les processus décisionnels en milieu organisationnel par : (i) l'amélioration de la robustesse des méthodes AsCV par la traduction des performances qualitatives en mesures quantitatives et (ii) l'intégration des résultats d'AdCV dans la prise de décision à l'aide d'outils multicritères d'aide à la décision. D'une part, les études d'AsCV sont souvent qualitatives et ne tiennent pas compte de l'incertitude dans l'évaluation. À cause de cette limitation, ce genre de résultat est très peu utilisé comme donnée d'entrée dans les modèles décisionnels dans le contexte des affaires. Dans cette direction, nous proposons une méthode d'évaluation des performances sociales plus pertinente, qui tient compte des particularités de chaque indicateur à partir des fonctions de valeur customisées pour chaque sous-critère considéré dans le volet social. Ces fonctions sont définies à partir de jugements de valeur d'un groupe d'experts de manière à traduire les évaluations qualitatives dans un score de performance sociale quantitative. Une méthode de pondération est également proposée pour agréger les indicateurs dans chaque dimension sociale évaluée (dimension sociale évaluée = partie prenante impactée par le système de produits). Les échelles de traductions obtenues à partir du processus d'élicitation des points de vue des participants du groupe d'experts ne suivirent pas le comportement linéaire pour la plupart des indicateurs et sont distinctes entre les différents indicateurs, ce qui met en évidence un problème avec la méthode actuelle utilisée lors de la quantification d'analyse sociale du cycle de vie. Le fait de tenir compte des jugements de valeur des experts dans l'évaluation de la performance sociale d'un système de produit apporte des incertitudes liées aux jugements de valeur des gens, qui sont basés sur leurs expériences, convictions, histoire de vie, entre autres variables subjectives. Ces jugements peuvent donc changer beaucoup. Nous avons surmonté cette limitation en développant une approche stochastique incluant le choix de valeurs dans l'évaluation des impacts sociaux potentiels. L'inclusion de ce type d'incertitude permet une évaluation plus robuste à partir de la présentation au décideur du niveau de confiance des performances d'AsCV, c'est-à-dire la probabilité qu'un système de produit soit classé en premier (présentant les meilleurs résultats agrégés) pour chaque partie prenante en considérant l'imprécision et la variabilité des jugements de valeur des gens. Donc, notre étude permet de vaincre la limite associée à la faible capacité d'une approche déterministe de capturer la subjectivité de l'être humain au moment de l'évaluation des impacts sociaux. D'autre part, la prise de décision à partir d'études d'AdCV est limitée aux performances AdCV déterministes et aux choix aléatoires des méthodes d'agrégation. Dans cette direction, nous proposons l'intégration des performances environnementales, sociales et économiques à partir d'outils d'aide à la décision de manière à favoriser l'usage des résultats de l'AdCV dans le milieu organisationnel. L'intégration des résultats est basée sur l'importance accordée aux critères environnementaux, sociaux et économiques établis par les décideurs. Nous avons testé quatre modèles d'aide à la décision pour observer la robustesse des solutions proposées dans ces différentes approches. L'application de ce développement méthodologique permet d'obtenir le niveau de confiance des classements complets des systèmes de produits, en considérant les trois dimensions de la durabilité (et ses différents indicateurs) en même temps, à partir de l'incorporation de l'incertitude des performances de l'AdCV au sein des modèles multicritères d'aide à la décision. Il est important de remarquer que notre approche n'est pas une phase d'analyse du cycle de vie, mais une étape supplémentaire d'agrégation des performances dans le but de faciliter la compréhension et l'emploi de la riche source d'informations produite par les études d'AdCV comme les données d'entrée dans un processus décisionnel. En répondant aux objectifs de la recherche, ce projet a permis de franchir les limites de la quantification et de l'agrégation de l'analyse sociale du cycle de vie et de leur intégration avec les résultats d'analyse environnementale et des couts du cycle dans une analyse globale de durabilité du cycle pour appuyer le processus de prise de décision.

Analyse du cycle de vie

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9782889151356
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis Analyse du cycle de vie by : Olivier Jolliet

Download or read book Analyse du cycle de vie written by Olivier Jolliet and published by . This book was released on 2017-03-23 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) – ou écobilan – évalue l'impact environnemental d'un produit, d'un service ou d'un système en considérant toutes les étapes de son cycle de vie. Elle permet d'identifier les points sur lesquels un produit peut être amélioré et vise à prévenir les impacts liés aux activités humaines. Cet ouvrage aborde les principes généraux puis la démarche séquentielle de l'analyse du cycle de vie, avec la définition des objectifs et du système, l'inventaire des émissions et des extractions, l'analyse de leur impact environnemental ainsi que leur interprétation. Clairement rédigé et structuré, l'ouvrage identifie les points clés d'une ACV et en dégage les critères de cohérences. Il expose les bases de données et les méthodes existantes, en tenant compte des plus récents résultats de la recherche. 3e édition revue et augmentée.

Complexity and Ecosystem Management

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Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781781957240
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (572 download)

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Book Synopsis Complexity and Ecosystem Management by : Marco Janssen

Download or read book Complexity and Ecosystem Management written by Marco Janssen and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quality of ecosystems is affected by the actions of different stakeholders who use them in a variety of ways. In order to understand this complex relationship between humans and nature, it is vital to understand the complexity of the interacting agents. The authors in this book attempt to do this by applying multi-agent systems to the problems of ecosystem management. The multi-agent approach to ecosystem management is a relatively new and rapidly developing field which takes a formal computational approach towards the interaction of humans with their environment. The authors highlight some of the promising new methodologies which are emerging in the field from disciplines such as computer science and computational social science. They move on to address a number of important topics including diffusion processes, common-pool resources, land use change and the participatory use of models, in an attempt to solve contemporary management issues. They clearly demonstrate the potential utility of multi-agent systems in the context of theoretical problems and practical case studies.

Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (Open Access)

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439887705
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (Open Access) by : Olivier Jolliet

Download or read book Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (Open Access) written by Olivier Jolliet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-11-18 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Life Cycle Assessment is a pivotal guide to identifying environmental problems and reducing related impacts for companies and organizations in need of life cycle assessment (LCA). LCA, a unique sustainability tool, provides a framework that addresses a growing demand for practical technological solutions. Detailing each phase of the LCA methodology, this textbook covers the historical development of LCA, presents the general principles and characteristics of LCA, and outlines the corresponding standards for good practice determined by the International Organization for Standardization. It also explains how to identify the critical aspects of an LCA, provides detailed examples of LCA analysis and applications, and includes illustrated problems and solutions with concrete examples from water management, electronics, packaging, automotive, and other industries. In addition, readers will learn how to: Use consistent criteria to realize and evaluate an LCA independently of individual interests Understand the LCA methodology and become familiar with existing databases and methods based on the latest results of international research Analyze and critique a completed LCA Apply LCA methodology to simple case studies Geared toward graduate and undergraduate students studying environmental science and industrial ecology, as well as practicing environmental engineers, and sustainability professionals who want to teach themselves LCA good practices, Environmental Life Cycle Assessment demonstrates how to conduct environmental assessments for products throughout their life cycles. It presents existing methods and recent developments in the growing field of LCA and systematically covers goal and system definition, life cycle inventory, life cycle impact assessment, and interpretation.

Agroecological Transitions: From Theory to Practice in Local Participatory Design

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030019535
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Agroecological Transitions: From Theory to Practice in Local Participatory Design by : Jacques-Eric Bergez

Download or read book Agroecological Transitions: From Theory to Practice in Local Participatory Design written by Jacques-Eric Bergez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-28 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Open Access book presents feedback from the ‘Territorial Agroecological Transition in Action’- TATA-BOX research project, which was devoted to these specific issues. The multidisciplinary and multi-organisation research team steered a four-year action-research process in two territories of France. It also presents: i) the key dimensions to be considered when dealing with agroecological transition: diversity of agriculture models, management of uncertainties, polycentric governance, autonomies, and role of actors’ networks; ii) an operational and original participatory process and associated boundary tools to support local stakeholders in shifting from a shared diagnosis to a shared action plan for transition, and in so doing developing mutual understanding and involvement; iii) an analysis of the main effects of the methodology on research organisation and on stakeholders’ development and application; iv) critical analysis and foresights on the main outcomes of TATA-BOX, provided by external researchers.

Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315340933
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

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Book Synopsis Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Imaging by : Ulrich Flogel

Download or read book Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Ulrich Flogel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-10-26 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, fluorine (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has garnered significant scientific interest in the biomedical research community owing to the unique properties of fluorinated materials and the 19F nucleus. Fluorine has an intrinsically sensitive nucleus for MRI. There is negligible endogenous 19F in the body and thus there is no background signal. Fluorine-containing compounds are ideal tracer labels for a wide variety of MRI applications. Moreover, the chemical shift and nuclear relaxation rate can be made responsive to physiology via creative molecular design. This book is an interdisciplinary compendium that details cutting-edge science and medical research in the emerging field of 19F MRI. Edited by Ulrich Flögel and Eric Ahrens, two prominent MRI researchers, this book will appeal to investigators involved in MRI, biomedicine, immunology, pharmacology, probe chemistry, and imaging physics.

A History of Ecological Economic Thought

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Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000624617
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of Ecological Economic Thought by : Marco P. Vianna Franco

Download or read book A History of Ecological Economic Thought written by Marco P. Vianna Franco and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-08-01 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributing to a better understanding of contemporary issues of environmental sustainability from a historical perspective, this book provides a cohesive and cogent account of the history of ecological economic thought. The work unearths a diverse set of ideas within a Western and Slavic context, from the Renaissance and the Enlightenment to the late 1940s, to reveal insights firmly grounded in historiographical research and of import for addressing current sustainability challenges, not least by means of improving our grasp on how humans and nature can generously coexist in the long term. The history of ecological economic thought offered in this volume is rich and diverse, encompassing views that are bound by the observance of the tenets of the natural sciences, but which differ significantly in terms of the role of energy and materials to cultural development and the normative aspects involving resource distribution, social ideals, and policy-making. Combining the approaches of independent scholarly figures and scientific communities from different historical periods and nationalities, the book brings elements that are still missing in the scarce literature on the history of ecological economic thought and highlights the underlying threads which unite such initiatives. The book brings a fresh look into the historical development of ecological economic ideas and will therefore be of great interest to scholars and students of ecological economics, environmental economics, sustainability science, interdisciplinary studies, and history of economic thought.

Rethinking the Power of Maps

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Publisher : Guilford Press
ISBN 13 : 160623708X
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Rethinking the Power of Maps by : Denis Wood

Download or read book Rethinking the Power of Maps written by Denis Wood and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2010-04-16 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A contemporary follow-up to the groundbreaking Power of Maps, this book takes a fresh look at what maps do, whose interests they serve, and how they can be used in surprising, creative, and radical ways. Denis Wood describes how cartography facilitated the rise of the modern state and how maps continue to embody and project the interests of their creators. He demystifies the hidden assumptions of mapmaking and explores the promises and limitations of diverse counter-mapping practices today. Thought-provoking illustrations include U.S. Geological Survey maps; electoral and transportation maps; and numerous examples of critical cartography, participatory GIS, and map art.

River Basin Management in the Twenty-First Century

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466579625
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

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Book Synopsis River Basin Management in the Twenty-First Century by : Victor Roy Squires

Download or read book River Basin Management in the Twenty-First Century written by Victor Roy Squires and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-07-10 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Worldwide development of agriculture and industry creates burgeoning demands on natural resources. Management of the rivers and the surrounding landscape is one of the important tasks for today and for the foreseeable future. Lessons learned from centuries of management (and mismanagement) have been distilled into principles and practices which form the subject matter for this book. It provides both a global perspective and an entrée to the special problems associated with management of transboundary rivers.

Conceptual Modeling ER'99

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540478663
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Conceptual Modeling ER'99 by : Jacky Akoka

Download or read book Conceptual Modeling ER'99 written by Jacky Akoka and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-07-31 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art, in conceptual modeling. It grew out of research papers presented at the 18th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER '99) and arranged by the editors. The plan of the conference is to cover the whole spectrum of conceptual modeling as it relates to database and information systems design and to offer a complete coverage of data and process modeling, database technology, and database applications. The aim of the conference and of these proceedings is to present new insights related to each of these topics. This book contains both selected and invited papers. The 33 selected papers are organized in 11 sessions encompassing the major themes of the conference, especially : - schema transformation, evolution, and integration - temporal database design - views and reuse in conceptual modeling - advanced conceptual modeling - business process modeling and workflows - data warehouse design. Besides the selected papers, 3 invited papers present the views of three keynote speakers, internationally known for their contribution to conceptual modeling and database research and for their active role in knowledge dissemination. Peter Chen presents the results of his ongoing research on ER model, XML, and the Web. Georges Gardarin presents the first results of an ESPRIT project federating various data sources with XML and XML-QL. Finally, Matthias Jarke develops a way to capture and evaluate the experiences gained about process designs in so-called process data warehouses.

Components of Risk

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783981058208
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (582 download)

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Book Synopsis Components of Risk by : Katharina Thywissen

Download or read book Components of Risk written by Katharina Thywissen and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319459015
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015 by : Paul Bourgine

Download or read book First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015 written by Paul Bourgine and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-24 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the proceedings as well as invited papers for the first annual conference of the UNESCO Unitwin Complex System Digital Campus (CSDC), which is an international initiative gathering 120 Universities on four continents, and structured in ten E-Departments. First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015 features chapters from the latest research results on theoretical questions of complex systems and their experimental domains. The content contained bridges the gap between the individual and the collective within complex systems science and new integrative sciences on topics such as: genes to organisms to ecosystems, atoms to materials to products, and digital media to the Internet. The conference breaks new ground through a dedicated video-conferencing system – a concept at the heart of the international UNESCO UniTwin, embracing scientists from low-income and distant countries. This book promotes an integrated system of research, education, and training. It also aims at contributing to global development by taking into account its social, economic, and cultural dimensions. First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015 will appeal to students and researchers working in the fields of complex systems, statistical physics, computational intelligence, and biological physics.

Conceptual Modeling - ER '96

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540617846
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (178 download)

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Book Synopsis Conceptual Modeling - ER '96 by : Bernhard Thalheim

Download or read book Conceptual Modeling - ER '96 written by Bernhard Thalheim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-09-25 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, ER '96, held in Cottbus, Germany, in October 1996. The volume presents three invited contributions together with 29 revised full papers selected from 110 submissions. The papers cover all current aspects of the entity-relationship approach and conceptual modeling; they are organized in sections on advanced schema design, processes, query languages, representation, integration, principles of database design, transformation, enhanced modelling, capturing design information, and evolution.

Perspectives in Conceptual Modeling

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540293957
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Perspectives in Conceptual Modeling by : Jacky Akoka

Download or read book Perspectives in Conceptual Modeling written by Jacky Akoka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-10-20 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed joint proceedings of five international workshops held in conjunction with the 24th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, ER 2005, in Klagenfurt, Austria, in October 2005. The 40 revised full papers presented together with the abstracts of seven tutorials were carefully reviewed and selected from 102 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on best practices of UML, experience reports and new applications, model evaluation and requirements modeling, metamodeling and model driven development, positions in engineering agent oriented systems, agent oriented methodologies and conceptual modeling, agent communication and coordination, geographic information systems, spatial and spatio-temporal data representation, spatial relations, spatial queries, analysis and data mining, data modeling and visualisation, conceptual modeling approaches for e-business, information system models quality, and quality driven processes.

Earth Surface Processes, Landforms and Sediment Deposits

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521857805
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis Earth Surface Processes, Landforms and Sediment Deposits by : John Bridge

Download or read book Earth Surface Processes, Landforms and Sediment Deposits written by John Bridge and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique, advanced textbook combining sedimentology and geomorphology in a comprehensive and integrated way.

Designing the Digital Transformation

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319591444
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Designing the Digital Transformation by : Alexander Maedche

Download or read book Designing the Digital Transformation written by Alexander Maedche and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-22 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology, DESRIST 2017, held in May/June 2017 in Karlsruhe, Germany. The 25 full and 11 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 66 full and 19 short papers. The contributions are organized in topical sections named: DSR in business process management; DSR in human computer interaction; DSR in data science and business analytics; DSR in service science; methodological contributions; domain-specific DSR applications; emerging themes and new ideas; and products and prototypes.

Social Life Cycle Assessment

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811332339
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Life Cycle Assessment by : Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu

Download or read book Social Life Cycle Assessment written by Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-08 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the Social Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA) of the energy and textile sectors. It also presents a range of models, indices, impact categories, etc. for SLCA that are currently being developed for industrial applications. Though SLCA was introduced in 2010, it is still relatively new compared to environmental life cycle assessment (ELCA).