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Operational And Safety Impacts Of U Turns At Signalized Intersections
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Book Synopsis Operational and Safety Impacts of U-turns at Signalized Intersections by : Daniel Lance Carter
Download or read book Operational and Safety Impacts of U-turns at Signalized Intersections written by Daniel Lance Carter and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: safety, operational, u-turns, u-turn.
Book Synopsis Operational and Safety Impacts of U-Turns at Signalized Intersections by :
Download or read book Operational and Safety Impacts of U-Turns at Signalized Intersections written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With rapidly growing urban areas and construction of new developments, efficient access to the roadway network becomes a relevant issue. In the effort to balance safety, mobility, and access, many transportation officials are in favor of designs that employ raised medians on the main road. However, this decision draws much controversy from those opposed to the lack of direct access that comes with raised median designs. One of the issues in this controversy is the effect of increased U-turns at adjacent intersections. The purpose of this research is to determine the operational and safety effects of U-turns at signalized intersections. The operational analysis involved measurements of vehicle headways in exclusive left turn lanes at 14 intersections. By regression analysis, I obtained an equation to estimate saturation flow reduction based on intersection characteristics. This equation indicates a 1.8% saturation flow rate loss in the left turn lane for every 10% increase in U-turn percentage and an additional 1.5% loss for every 10% U-turns if the U-turning movement is opposed by protected right turn overlap from the cross street. The safety study involved a set of 78 intersections. Fifty-four sites were chosen randomly, and twenty-four sites were selected based on their reputation as U-turn 'problem sites'. Although the group of study sites was purposely biased toward sites with high U-turn percentages, the study found that 65 of the 78 sites did not have any collisions involving U-turns in the three-year study period, and the U-turn collisions at the remaining 13 sites ranged from 0.33 to 3.0 collisions per year. Sites with double left turn lanes, protected right turn overlap, or high left turn and conflicting right turn traffic volumes were found to have a significantly greater number of U-turn collisions.
Book Synopsis Safety Performance of Median U-turn Intersections by : Jonathan James Kay
Download or read book Safety Performance of Median U-turn Intersections written by Jonathan James Kay and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of alternative intersection designs can provide both safety and operational benefits for road users at potentially lower costs when implemented in the appropriate setting. The Federal Highway Administration has previously recognized a subset of alternative intersections designs broadly referred to as "reduced left-turn conflict intersections" as a proven safety countermeasure that have been shown to decrease the risk of potentially severe crash types by reducing conflict points through the use of indirect left-turn movements. Median U-turn intersections (also referred to as "Michigan lefts" or "boulevard turnarounds") are one such alterative design that accommodates indirect left-turn movements via directional U-turn crossovers located within the median along one or both of the intersecting roadways. Michigan has long been a pioneer in the implementation of median U-turns along urban and suburban divided boulevards, with initial installations dating back several decades. Additionally, various indirect left-turn configurations have been implemented along rural highways and frontage roads for urban freeways.While prior work has consistently demonstrated that median U-turn intersection designs represent an effective countermeasure that can improve operational performance and reduce the frequency of severe crash types when implemented in the appropriate context, much of the extant research is outdated and several important areas of investigation remain unexplored. This includes defining the appropriate crash influence area, the impacts of pre-conversion characteristics, impacts to pedestrian and bicycle collisions, and evaluating crashes pre/post conversion (e.g., longitudinal panel data) compared to a purely cross-sectional evaluation. To address these and other knowledge gaps, research was performed to quantify the safety performance characteristics and develop analytical tools related to the utilization of median U-turn intersections. Historical traffic crash data were collected for signalized and unsignalized intersections in Michigan where left-turns are accommodated by a median U-turn design. To allow for comparison of the performance between the median U-turn and traditional designs, data were also collected for a sample of reference intersections (divided and undivided) where conventional direct left-turn movements were maintained. A novel approach was developed to define the safety performance influence area of a median U-turn intersection, which subsequently improved the method of identifying and collecting target crash data. Utilizing the traffic crash data, a series of analyses were performed to identify the differences between conventional and median U-turn intersections, and to also identify the differences in safety performance between various median U-turn design characteristics. The analyses compared crash rates, types, severity distributions, and severe injury collision patterns, and included development of series of safety performance functions and crash modification factors. The results were then generalized into a series of recommendations for roadway agencies considering future implementation of median U-turn intersections, including specific design recommendations intended to improve safety performance for all road users.Ultimately, it was concluded that median U-turn designs represent an effective safety countermeasure to target the reduction of severe crash types for both unsignalized and signalized intersections. While there are some potential tradeoffs with respect to non-injury crash frequencies for specific pre-conversion configurations, the use of these indirect left-turn intersection designs is consistent with the Safe System approach adopted by the United States Department of Transportation within the National Roadway Safety Strategy. Unsignalized median U-turn intersections offer superior fatal and injury crash performance compared to conventional unsignalized intersections. The removal of the crossing conflict points at unsignalized median U-turn designs (which include a closed median at the intersection) essentially eliminates the pattern of severe head on left-turn and angle collisions occurring within conventional intersections. However, it is important to recognize that non-injury crashes were shown to increase when converting a conventional unsignalized intersection to a median U-turn at locations with an existing median on the major roadway.Signalized median U-turn intersections offer superior safety performance for both injury and non-injury crashes compared to conventional signalized intersections along undivided roadways. However, the comparison of median U-turns locations to conventional divided signalized intersections was limited by a lack of reference sites with comparable traffic volumes. Annual average frequencies of severe pedestrian and bicycle crashes were similar between the signalized median U-turn and conventional undivided sites. Finally, several design features of signalized median U-turn intersections were identified as having a significant impact on safety performance, including the distance to crossovers from the main intersection, the length of weaving areas, the number of signalized crossovers, and the number of storage lanes.
Book Synopsis Safety Impacts of Right Turns Followed by U-turns by : Fatih Pirinccioglu
Download or read book Safety Impacts of Right Turns Followed by U-turns written by Fatih Pirinccioglu and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impacts of separation distance on safety of RTUT movements were investigated by a regression model. The model investigated impacts of U-turn bay locations and the number of lanes on major arterial on separation distance requirements. The model results indicated that U-turn bays located at signalized intersections and greater number of lanes on major arterials increases the minimum separation distance requirements.
Book Synopsis Safety Evaluation of Right Turns Followed by U-turns at Signalized Intersections (6 Or More Lane Arterials) as an Alternative to Direct Left Turns by : Lu, Jian John Lu
Download or read book Safety Evaluation of Right Turns Followed by U-turns at Signalized Intersections (6 Or More Lane Arterials) as an Alternative to Direct Left Turns written by Lu, Jian John Lu and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Operational Evaluation of Right Turns Followed by U-turns at Signalized Intersections (6 Or More Lanes) as an Alternative to Direct Left Turns by :
Download or read book Operational Evaluation of Right Turns Followed by U-turns at Signalized Intersections (6 Or More Lanes) as an Alternative to Direct Left Turns written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Determination of the Offset Distance Between Driveway Exits and Downstream U-turn Locations for Vehicles Making Right Turns Followed by U-turns by : Jian John Lu
Download or read book Determination of the Offset Distance Between Driveway Exits and Downstream U-turn Locations for Vehicles Making Right Turns Followed by U-turns written by Jian John Lu and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Florida increasingly uses restrictive medians and directional median openings on multi-lane highways to manage left turn egress maneuvers from driveways and side streets. By installing non-traversable medians and replacing full median openings with directional median openings at various locations, Florida prohibits direct left-turn exits onto some major arterials. The purpose of this research was to evaluate how the offset distance between driveway exits and downstream median openings or signalized intersections impacts traffic operational and safety performance. The primary objective is to determine optimum offset distances to facilitate driver use of Right Turn Followed by a U-Turn (RTUT) maneuvers, specifically investigating (1) traffic operational performance, based on the evaluation of vehicle travel time at various offset distances, and (2) safety performance, based on the evaluation of traffic conflicts and crash data. The focus of this research was on urban or suburban multi-lane divided arterials. Researchers studied the impacts of offset distance under four different scenarios: 4-lane divided roadways accommodating U-turns at median openings, 4-lane divided roadways accommodating U-turns at signalized intersections, 6 or more-lane divided roadways accommodating U-turns at median openings, and 6 or more-lane divided roadways accommodating U-turns at signalized intersections.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Operational Effects of U-turn Movement by : Pan Liu
Download or read book Evaluation of the Operational Effects of U-turn Movement written by Pan Liu and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: In Florida, the increased installation of non-traversable medians and directional median opening has produced an increased number of U-turns on multilane highways. Arguments have been advanced by some opponents of median modification projects that the increased numbers of U-turns may result in safety and operational problems on multilane highways. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the operational effects of U-turn movement on multilane roadways. To achieve this research objective, extensive data were collected. Field measurements were conducted at 40 sites in the Tampa Bay area of Florida to collect traffic operations data. Besides, the crash histories of 179 selected roadway segments in central Florida were investigated. Statistical analysis was conducted based on the collected traffic operations data and crash data to quantitatively evaluate the operational performance of U-turn movement. Delay and travel time were compared for different driveway left-turn alternatives that are widely used in Florida and nationally. Crash rate models were developed to evaluate how the separation distance between a driveway exit and the downstream U-turn bay impacts the safety performance of vehicles making right-turns followed by U-turns (RTUT). With the crash data analysis results, the minimum separation distances under different roadway conditions were determined to facilitate driver use of RTUTs. The capacity of U-turn movement was analyzed under two different situations: (1) U-turns are provided at a signalized intersection; and (2) U-turns are provided at an unsignalized intersection. Adjustment factors were developed to quantify the impacts of the presence of U-turning vehicles on the capacity of a signalized intersection. The critical gaps and follow-up time for U-turn movement at unsignalized intersections were estimated. With the estimated critical gaps and follow-up time, the Harders model was used to determine the capacity of U-turn movement at an unsignalized intersection. This study also looks extensively at the minimum roadway width and median width required by vehicles to perform U-turn maneuvers on 4-lane divided roadways. It was found that a roadway width of 46 ft is generally sufficient for most types of design vehicles (except heavy vehicles) to perform a continuous U-turn maneuver without impedance.
Book Synopsis Evaluating the Effects of Prohibiting Left Turns and the Resulting U-turn Movement by : Mashrur A. Chowdhury
Download or read book Evaluating the Effects of Prohibiting Left Turns and the Resulting U-turn Movement written by Mashrur A. Chowdhury and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research was to evaluate the operational and safety effects of restricting direct left turns from a driveway and providing alternatives to accommodate the left turn deterred traffic. This study was conducted in three phases: survey of state agencies, operational analysis, and safety assessment. Very little operational difference was found between no restrictions on direct left turns versus the restrictions with the U-turn alternative movements from site to site. While changes in the traffic volumes on the mainline had an impact in specific instances, no definite trends were apparent. As a result of all findings in this study, it is proposed that alternatives must be evaluated on a site-by-site basis. This study also found the jughandle design to be a superior alternative for accommodating left-turn deterred traffic for multi-lane divided and undivided sites compared to mid-block or intersection U-turns. The safety assessment revealed that a right turn followed by a U-turn movement is safer than the direct left turn.
Download or read book NCHRP Report 524 written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Safety of U-turns at Unsignalized Median Openings by : Ingrid B. Potts
Download or read book Safety of U-turns at Unsignalized Median Openings written by Ingrid B. Potts and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2004 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 524: Safety of U-Turns at Unsignalized Median Openings includes recommended guidelines for locating and designing unsignalized median openings, and a methodology for comparing the relative safety performance of different designs"--Publisher's description.
Author :ITE (Institute of Transportation Engineers) Publisher :John Wiley & Sons ISBN 13 :1118762304 Total Pages :688 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (187 download)
Book Synopsis Traffic Engineering Handbook by : ITE (Institute of Transportation Engineers)
Download or read book Traffic Engineering Handbook written by ITE (Institute of Transportation Engineers) and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-01-26 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get a complete look into modern traffic engineering solutions Traffic Engineering Handbook, Seventh Edition is a newly revised text that builds upon the reputation as the go-to source of essential traffic engineering solutions that this book has maintained for the past 70 years. The updated content reflects changes in key industry standards, and shines a spotlight on the needs of all users, the design of context-sensitive roadways, and the development of more sustainable transportation solutions. Additionally, this resource features a new organizational structure that promotes a more functionally-driven, multimodal approach to planning, designing, and implementing transportation solutions. A branch of civil engineering, traffic engineering concerns the safe and efficient movement of people and goods along roadways. Traffic flow, road geometry, sidewalks, crosswalks, cycle facilities, shared lane markings, traffic signs, traffic lights, and more—all of these elements must be considered when designing public and private sector transportation solutions. Explore the fundamental concepts of traffic engineering as they relate to operation, design, and management Access updated content that reflects changes in key industry-leading resources, such as the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), AASSHTO Policy on Geometric Design, Highway Safety Manual (HSM), and Americans with Disabilities Act Understand the current state of the traffic engineering field Leverage revised information that homes in on the key topics most relevant to traffic engineering in today's world, such as context-sensitive roadways and sustainable transportation solutions Traffic Engineering Handbook, Seventh Edition is an essential text for public and private sector transportation practitioners, transportation decision makers, public officials, and even upper-level undergraduate and graduate students who are studying transportation engineering.
Book Synopsis Effects of Increased U-turns at Intersections on Divided Facilities and Median Divided Versus Five-lane Undivided Benefits by :
Download or read book Effects of Increased U-turns at Intersections on Divided Facilities and Median Divided Versus Five-lane Undivided Benefits written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Roundabouts by : Lee August Rodegerdts
Download or read book Roundabouts written by Lee August Rodegerdts and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2010 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 672: Roundabouts: An Informational Guide - Second Edition explores the planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of roundabouts. The report also addresses issues that may be useful in helping to explain the trade-offs associated with roundabouts. This report updates the U.S. Federal Highway Administration's Roundabouts: An Informational Guide, based on experience gained in the United States since that guide was published in 2000.
Book Synopsis Access Management Manual by : Kristine Williams
Download or read book Access Management Manual written by Kristine Williams and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Since the publication of the first edition of the Access Management Manual, the context for transportation planning and roadway design in the United States has been transformed. Transportation agencies and local governments are under growing pressure to integrate land use and transportation policy and achieve a more sustainable, energy-efficient transportation system. This second edition of the manual responds to these developments by addressing access management comprehensively, as a critical part of network and land use planning. The content is interdisciplinary, with guidance pertinent to various levels of government as well as to pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorized vehicles, including trucks and buses, and is strongly grounded in decades of research, engineering science, and professional experience. Greater emphasis is placed on appropriate location of access, and guidance is refined to provide appropriate consideration of context and community issues. Substantial updates aid state and local agencies in managing access to corridor development effectively. Specific guidance on network and circulation planning and modal considerations is included, as well as guidance on effective site access and circulation design. A chapter on corridor management reinforces these concepts with a framework for application of access management in different contexts, along with appropriate strategies for each context. There are also new chapters on network planning, regional access management policies and programs, interchange area access management, auxiliary lane warrants and design, and right-of-way and access control. The manual concludes with an extensive menu of access management techniques and information on their application"--Provided by publisher.
Book Synopsis Impacts on Safety of Left-turn Treatment at High Speed Signalized Intersections by : T. H. Maze
Download or read book Impacts on Safety of Left-turn Treatment at High Speed Signalized Intersections written by T. H. Maze and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Left-turning traffic is a major source of conflicts at intersections. Though an average of only 10% to 15% of all approach traffic turns left, these vehicles are involved in approximately 45% of all accidents. This report presents the results of research conducted to develop models which estimate approach accident rates at high speed signalized intersections. The objective of the research was to quantify the relationship between traffic and intersection characteristics, and accident potential of different left turn treatments. Geometric, turning movement counts, and traffic signal phasing data were collected at 100 intersections in Iowa using a questionnaire sent to municipalities. Not all questionnaires resulted in complete data and ultimately complete data were derived for 63 intersections providing a database of 248 approaches. Accident data for the same approaches were obtained from the Iowa Department of Transportation Accident Location and Analysis System (ALAS). Regression models were developed for two different dependent variables: 1) the ratio of the number of left turn accidents per approach to million left turning vehicles per approach, and 2) the ratio of accidents per approach to million traffic movements per approach. A number of regression models were developed for both dependent variables. One model using each dependent variable was developed for intersections with low, medium, and high left turning traffic volumes. As expected, the research indicates that protected left turn phasing has a lower accident potential than protected/permitted or permitted phasing. Left turn lanes and multiple lane approaches are beneficial for reducing accident rates, while raised medians increase the likelihood of accidents. Signals that are part of a signal system tend to have lower accident rates than isolated signals. The resulting regression models may be used to determine the likely impact of various left turn treatments on intersection accident rates. When designing an intersection approach, a traffic engineer may use the models to estimate the accident rate reduction as a result of improved lane configurations and left turn treatments. The safety benefits may then be compared to any costs associated with operational effects to the intersection (i.e., increased delay) to determine the benefits and costs of making intersection safety improvements.
Book Synopsis Signalized Intersections by : Lee August Rodegerdts
Download or read book Signalized Intersections written by Lee August Rodegerdts and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide provides a single, comprehensive document with methods for evaluating the safety and operations of signalized intersections and tools to remedy deficiencies. The treatments in this guide range from low-cost measures such as improvements to signal timing and signage, to high-cost measures such as intersection reconstruction or grade separation. Topics covered include fundamental principles of user needs, geometric design, and traffic design and operation; safety and operational analysis techniques; and a wide variety of treatments to address existing or projected problems, including individual movements and approaches, pedestrian and bicycle treatments, and corridor techniques. It also covers alternative intersection forms that improve intersection performance through the use of indirect left turns and other treatments. Each treatment includes a discussion of safety, operational performance, multimodal issues, and physical and economic factors that the practitioner should consider. Although the guide focuses primarily on high-volume signalized intersections, many treatments are applicable for lower volume intersections as well. The information contained in this guide is based on the latest research available on treatments and best practices in use by jurisdictions across the United States. Additional resources and references are highlighted for the student, practitioner, researcher, or decisionmaker who wishes to learn more about a particular subject.