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Operation Teapot Biological Effects Of Pressure Phenomena Occurring Inside Protective Shelters Following A Nuclear Detonation
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Book Synopsis Operation TEAPOT. Biological Effects of Pressure Phenomena Occurring Inside Protective Shelters Following a Nuclear Detonation by :
Download or read book Operation TEAPOT. Biological Effects of Pressure Phenomena Occurring Inside Protective Shelters Following a Nuclear Detonation written by and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In two series of experiments 277 experimental animals, including 66 dogs, 52 rabbits, 52 guinea pigs, 63 rats, and 44 mice, were exposed under selected conditions in six different general types of instrumented above- and below-ground shelters to blast produced by nuclear explosions. The distance of the several structures from Ground Zero ranged from 1050 to 5500 ft. The most severe alterations in the pressure environment occurring inside the structures followed the detonation of a nuclear device with a yield approximately 50 per cent greater than nominal. The highest overpressure to which animals were exposed was 85.8 psi, the rise time of which was 4 msec. The overpressure endured for about 570 msec. Overpressures ranged from this maximum downward in 15 other exposure situations to a minimum of 1.3 psi enduring for nearly 1346 msec but rising to a maximum in about 420 msec. The latter pressure occurred inside a reinforced concrete bathroom shelter, which was the only surviving part of a house otherwise totally destroyed, at 4700 ft where the outside incident pressure was about 5 psi. Following the nuclear explosions, all animals were recovered, examined, sacrificed, and subjected to gross and microscopic pathological study. All lesions were tabulated and described. The results of pressure-time data, documenting the variations on the pressure environment, are presented and analyzed, and an exploratory attempt is made to relate the alterations in the pressure environment to the associated pathology observed. A critical review of selected material from the blast and related literature is presented. All data are discussed, and the several problems related to the design and construction of protective shelters are noted and briefly, but analytically, assessed.
Download or read book Report to the Test Director written by and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In two series of experiments 277 experimental animals, including 66 dogs, 52 rabbits, 52 guinea pigs, 63 rats, and 44 mice, were exposed under selected conditions in six different general types of instrumented above- and below-ground shelters to blast produced by nuclear explosions. The distance of the several structures from Ground Zero ranged from 1050 to 5500 ft. The most severe alterations in the pressure environment occurring inside the structures followed the detonation of a nuclear device with a yield approximately 50 per cent greater than nominal. The highest overpressure to which animals were exposed was 85.8 psi, the rise time of which was 4 msec. The overpressure endured for about 570 msec. Overpressures ranged from this maximum downward in 15 other exposure situations to a minimum of 1.3 psi enduring for nearly 1346 msec but rising to a maximum in about 420 msec. The latter pressure occurred inside a reinforced concrete bathroom shelter, which was the only surviving part of a house otherwise totally destroyed, at 4700 ft where the outside incident pressure was about 5 psi. Following the nuclear explosions, all animals were recovered, examined, sacrificed, and subjected to gross and microscopic pathological study. All lesions were tabulated and described. The results of pressure-time data, documenting the variations on the pressure environment, are presented and analyzed, and an exploratory attempt is made to relate the alterations in the pressure environment to the associated pathology observed. A critical review of selected material from the blast and related literature is presented. All data are discussed, and the several problems related to the design and construction of protective shelters are noted and briefly, but analytically, assessed.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Explosion Effects on Structures and Protective Construction by : U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
Download or read book Nuclear Explosion Effects on Structures and Protective Construction written by U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. Special Subcommittee on Radiation Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :1004 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (2 download)
Book Synopsis Biological and Environmental Effects of Nuclear War by : United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. Special Subcommittee on Radiation
Download or read book Biological and Environmental Effects of Nuclear War written by United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. Special Subcommittee on Radiation and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 1004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive study into the biological and ecological effects of nuclear weapons including hypothetical scenarios in the United States.
Book Synopsis Missile Studies with a Biological Target by : V. C. Goldizen
Download or read book Missile Studies with a Biological Target written by V. C. Goldizen and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fourteen dogs were exposed on the lee side of planted gravel, of a concrete-block wall, and of glass mounted in the open and in houses to the environmental variations associated with full-scale nuclear detonations. Aluminum foil was used to protect the animals from thermal effects. The feasibility of utilizing missile data, along with other available information from the literature, as a means of quantitatively assessing biologic hazard was established by the close correspondence between observed and predicted dangerous wounds.
Download or read book Biological Blast Effects written by and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tertiary Effects of Blast - by : R. V. Taborelli
Download or read book Tertiary Effects of Blast - written by R. V. Taborelli and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of Shock Tube Generated, Step-rising Overpressures on Guinea Pigs Located in Shallow Chambers Oriented Side-on and End-on to the Incident Shock by : Victor R. Clare
Download or read book The Effects of Shock Tube Generated, Step-rising Overpressures on Guinea Pigs Located in Shallow Chambers Oriented Side-on and End-on to the Incident Shock written by Victor R. Clare and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A total of 308 guinea pigs were exposed to air blast in 4 close-fitting, shallow, rectangular chambers mounted on the top, bottom and sides of an air-driven shock tube. With a reflecting plate at the downstream edge of the chambers, the animals were exposed to long-duration shock overpressures that initially rose in a single step. The LD50-24-hr reflected pressure calculated from grouping all positions was 36.2! 0.8 psi. By moving the reflecting plate to various distances downstream of the chambers, shock overpressures that initially rose in two steps were applied. The results were that the animals' tolerances to overpressure rose as the time between pressure steps was increased. Comparison of the LD50's obtained with animals in each chamber revealed that there was not a significant statistical difference in their tolerances, whether they were loaded initially with the single-step pulse from their right, left, dorsal or ventral surfaces. (Author).
Book Synopsis Hearings and Reports on Atomic Energy by : United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy
Download or read book Hearings and Reports on Atomic Energy written by United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 1078 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comparative Nuclear Effects of Biomedical Interest by : Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Research
Download or read book Comparative Nuclear Effects of Biomedical Interest written by Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Research and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selected physical and biological data bearing upon the environmental variations created by nuclear explosions are presented in simplified form. Emphasis is placed upon the "early" consequences of exposure to blast, thermal radiation, and ionizing radiation to elucidate the comparative ranges of the major effects as they vary with explosive yield and as they contribute to the total hazard to man. A section containing brief definitions of the terminology employed is followed by a section that utilizes text and tabular material to set forth events that follow nuclear explosions and the varied responses of exposed physical and biological materials. Finally, selected quantitative weapons effects data in graphic and tabular form are presented over a wide range of explosive yields to show the relative distances from Ground Zero affected by significant levels of blast overpressures, thermal fluxes, and initial and residual penetrating ionizing radiations. However, only the "early" rather than the "late" effects of the latter are considered.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Operation TEAPOT 1955 written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the activities of an estimated 11,000 DoD personnel, both military and civilian, in Operation TEAPOT, the fifth atmospheric nuclear weapons testing series conducted in Nevada from 18 February to 15 May 1955. Activities engaging DoD personnel included Exercise Desert Rock VI observer programs, troop tests, and technical service programs; AEC scientific and diagnostic measurements to evaluate the effects of the nuclear device; DoD operational training programs; and air support.
Book Synopsis Tertiary Blast Effects by : Donald R. Richmond
Download or read book Tertiary Blast Effects written by Donald R. Richmond and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A total of 455 mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits were subjected to impact at velocities ranging between 25 ft/sec and 51 ft/sec. The desired velocities were generated by allowing the animals to free-fall from various heights to a flat concrete pad. The ventral surface of each animal was the area of impact. Probit analyses of the 24-hr mortality data yielded LD50 impact velocities with 95 per cent confidence limits as follows: mouse, 39.4 (37.4-42. 0) ft/sec; rat, 43.5 (42.0 - 44.8) ft/sec; guinea pig, 31.0 (30.0 - 31.9) ft/ sec. The LD50 figures for the mouse and rat were significantly higher, statistically, than those for the guinea pig and rabbit. The small spread in the LD50 values suggested little variation in the tolerance of biological systems to impact. Further, the steepness of the mortality curves indicated a narrow survival range to impact. Extrapolation of the experimental data to the 70 kg animal yielded a predicted LD50 impact velocity of 26 ft/sec (18 mph). Literature relevant to the human case was reviewed and the tentative applicability of the predicted figures to adult man was discussed. (Author).
Book Synopsis A Shock Tube Utilized to Produce Sharprising Overpressures of 400 Milliseconds Duration and Its Employment in Biomedical Experimentation by : Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Research
Download or read book A Shock Tube Utilized to Produce Sharprising Overpressures of 400 Milliseconds Duration and Its Employment in Biomedical Experimentation written by Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Research and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Catalog of Technical Reports by : United States. Dept. of Commerce. Office of Technical Services
Download or read book Catalog of Technical Reports written by United States. Dept. of Commerce. Office of Technical Services and published by . This book was released on with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Literature Study of Biological Effects from Shock Waves and of Organisms that May Serve as Biologial Indicators of Underground Nuclear Detonations by : C. L. Newcombe
Download or read book A Literature Study of Biological Effects from Shock Waves and of Organisms that May Serve as Biologial Indicators of Underground Nuclear Detonations written by C. L. Newcombe and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Exposure of Guinea Pigs to Pressure-pulses Generated During the End-to-end Test (no. 2) of Atlas Missile 8-D (March 31, 1962) by : Donald R. Richmond
Download or read book The Exposure of Guinea Pigs to Pressure-pulses Generated During the End-to-end Test (no. 2) of Atlas Missile 8-D (March 31, 1962) written by Donald R. Richmond and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exposure of guinea pigs to pressure-pulses generated during the end-to-end test (no. 2) of Atlas missile 8-D (March 31, 1962) extent of the blast hazard to the operator of a pressure control unit, an Atlas 8-D missile was pressurized to 35 psi with gaseous nitrogen and ruptured with an explosive charge. Three guinea pigs were placed on the pressure control unit which was located beneath the ramp 90 ft from the missile. In addition, ten guinea pigs were placed on the surface of the simulated ramp at 30-, 35-, 75- and 94-ft ranges. Following the burst, missile fragments littered the test area, although none were found at the pressure control unit. Overpressures of only 0.3 psi were recorded in the vicinity of the pressure control unit. The pressure pulse was slow rising (9-14 msec) and endured for about 25 msec. The three guinea pigs at that location were unharmed. At the 30-ft ranges, pressures of 1.1-1.4 psi were recorded with times to peak and durations of 2-3 msec and 13-16 msec, respectively. One guinea pig's eardrum was ruptured, and one animal sustained a slight degree of lung hemorrhage. The other eight animals were unhurt. The biological results were discussed in relation to the pressure-time data.
