Opening Up And Geographic Diversification Of Trade In Transition Economies

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Opening Up and Geographic Diversification of Trade in Transition Economies

Author : Mr. Oli Havrylyshyn
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451891792
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis Opening Up and Geographic Diversification of Trade in Transition Economies by : Mr. Oli Havrylyshyn

Download or read book Opening Up and Geographic Diversification of Trade in Transition Economies written by Mr. Oli Havrylyshyn and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-02-01 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper looks at the progress in transition and the geographic diversification of trade, focusing on two issues--the degree of trade openness and trade integration--for a sample of countries in transition. It concludes that about half of the group of countries sampled are becoming as open as similar market economies, but that many others remain relatively closed. Geographic diversification (to the European Union) is found to be greater the closer is geographic proximity and the more advanced the country is with reforms. The analysis is then extended, in an illustrative way, to show how much larger would be the share of exports to the EU if structural reforms were more ambitious.

Opening Up and Geographic Diversification of Trade in Transition Economies

Author : Oleh Havrylyshyn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Opening Up and Geographic Diversification of Trade in Transition Economies by : Oleh Havrylyshyn

Download or read book Opening Up and Geographic Diversification of Trade in Transition Economies written by Oleh Havrylyshyn and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Opening up and geographic diversification trade in transition economics

Author : Oleh Havrylyshyn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (452 download)

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Book Synopsis Opening up and geographic diversification trade in transition economics by : Oleh Havrylyshyn

Download or read book Opening up and geographic diversification trade in transition economics written by Oleh Havrylyshyn and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Opening Up and Geographic Diversification of Trade in Transition Economies

Author : Mr.Hassan Al-Atrash
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451921268
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis Opening Up and Geographic Diversification of Trade in Transition Economies by : Mr.Hassan Al-Atrash

Download or read book Opening Up and Geographic Diversification of Trade in Transition Economies written by Mr.Hassan Al-Atrash and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-02-01 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper looks at the progress in transition and the geographic diversification of trade, focusing on two issues--the degree of trade openness and trade integration--for a sample of countries in transition. It concludes that about half of the group of countries sampled are becoming as open as similar market economies, but that many others remain relatively closed. Geographic diversification (to the European Union) is found to be greater the closer is geographic proximity and the more advanced the country is with reforms. The analysis is then extended, in an illustrative way, to show how much larger would be the share of exports to the EU if structural reforms were more ambitious.

Aid for Trade at a Glance 2019 Economic Diversification and Empowerment

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264429514
Total Pages : 532 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (644 download)

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Book Synopsis Aid for Trade at a Glance 2019 Economic Diversification and Empowerment by : OECD

Download or read book Aid for Trade at a Glance 2019 Economic Diversification and Empowerment written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition analyses how trade can contribute to economic diversification and empowerment, with a focus on eliminating extreme poverty, particularly through the effective participation of women and youth. It shows how aid for trade can contribute to that objective by addressing supply-side capacity and trade-related infrastructure constraints, including for micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises notably in rural areas.

The World Bank Research Observer

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis The World Bank Research Observer by :

Download or read book The World Bank Research Observer written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

China's Changing Trade and the Implications for the CLMV

Author : Mr.Koshy Mathai
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475531710
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)

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Book Synopsis China's Changing Trade and the Implications for the CLMV by : Mr.Koshy Mathai

Download or read book China's Changing Trade and the Implications for the CLMV written by Mr.Koshy Mathai and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-09-01 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China’s trade patterns are evolving. While it started in light manufacturing and the assembly of more sophisticated products as part of global supply chains, China is now moving up the value chain, “onshoring” the production of higher-value-added upstream products and moving into more sophisticated downstream products as well. At the same time, with its wages rising, it has started to exit some lower-end, more labor-intensive sectors. These changes are taking place in the broader context of China’s rebalancing—away from exports and toward domestic demand, and within the latter, away from investment and toward consumption—and as a consequence, demand for some commodity imports is slowing, while consumption imports are slowly rising. The evolution of Chinese trade, investment, and consumption patterns offers opportunities and challenges to low-wage, low-income countries, including China’s neighbors in the Mekong region. Cambodia, Lao P.D.R., Myanmar, and Vietnam (the CLMV) are all open economies that are highly integrated with China. Rebalancing in China may mean less of a role for commodity exports from the region, but at the same time, the CLMV’s low labor costs suggest that manufacturing assembly for export could take off as China becomes less competitive, and as China itself demands more consumption items. Labor costs, however, are only part of the story. The CLMV will need to strengthen their infrastructure, education, governance, and trade regimes, and also run sound macro policies in order to capitalize fully on the opportunities presented by China’s transformation. With such policy efforts, the CLMV could see their trade and integration with global supply chains grow dramatically in the coming years.

World Development Report 2020

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464814953
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis World Development Report 2020 by : World Bank

Download or read book World Development Report 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.

IMF Staff papers, Volume 45 No. 2

Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451974167
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis IMF Staff papers, Volume 45 No. 2 by : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

Download or read book IMF Staff papers, Volume 45 No. 2 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes contagion and volatility with imperfect credit markets. The paper interprets contagion effects as an increase in the volatility of shocks impinging on the economy. The implications of this approach are analyzed in a model in which domestic banks borrow at a premium on world capital markets, and domestic producers borrow at a premium from domestic banks. Financial spreads depend on a markup that compensates lenders, in particular, for the expected cost of contract enforcement. Higher volatility increases financial spreads and the producers’ cost of capital.

Kazakhstan: Accelerating Economic Diversification

Author : Kym Anderson
Publisher : Asian Development Bank
ISBN 13 : 9292612638
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis Kazakhstan: Accelerating Economic Diversification by : Kym Anderson

Download or read book Kazakhstan: Accelerating Economic Diversification written by Kym Anderson and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2018-08-01 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kazakhstan has the potential to become an economic leader in Central Asia. Relying on oil and gas alone, however, will not produce the long-run level of growth needed to meet this potential. Reforms geared to improve the business climate, enhance competitiveness, and increase private sector participation are essential. This book examines reforms to accelerate economic diversification in the country. This involves not only modernizing and using public resources in agriculture more efficiently to increase productivity, but also transitioning of manufacturing toward high-potential exports to help the country’s industrial development and create employment opportunities. Upgrading innovation of oilfield services and improving transport and logistics are important to increase participation in the global value chains.

Economic Diversification in the GCC

Author : Mr.Tim Callen
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498303234
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Diversification in the GCC by : Mr.Tim Callen

Download or read book Economic Diversification in the GCC written by Mr.Tim Callen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-12-23 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The economies of the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are heavily reliant on oil. Greater economic diversification would reduce their exposure to volatility and uncertainty in the global oil market, help create jobs in the private sector, increase productivity and sustainable growth, and help create the non-oil economy that will be needed in the future when oil revenues start to dwindle. The GCC countries have followed many of the standard policies that are usually thought to promote more diversified economies, including reforms to improve the business climate, the development of domestic infrastructure, financial deepening, and improvements in education. Nevertheless, success to date has been limited. This paper argues that increased diversification will require realigning incentives for firms and workers in the economies—fixing these incentives is the “missing link” in the GCC countries’ diversification strategies. At present, producing non-tradables is less risky and more profitable for firms as they can benefit from the easy availability of low-wage foreign labor and the rapid growth in government spending, while the continued availability of high-paying and secure public sector jobs discourages nationals from pursuing entrepreneurship and private sector employment. Measures to begin to address these incentive issues could include limiting and reorienting government spending, strengthening private sector competition, providing guarantees and financial support for those firms engaged in export activity, and implementing labor market reforms to make nationals more competitive for private sector employment.

Evolutionary Economic Geography

Author : Miroslav Jovanovic
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134098464
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolutionary Economic Geography by : Miroslav Jovanovic

Download or read book Evolutionary Economic Geography written by Miroslav Jovanovic and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-10-07 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to provide a guided tour through the theoretical foundations of spatial locations of firms and industries in an evolutionary economic framework. It addresses the issues of how a location of business in geographical space is selected and where economic activity may (re)locate in the future. The analysis is in the context

landlockedness, infrastructure and trade: new estimates for central asian countries

Author : Christopher Grigoriou
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis landlockedness, infrastructure and trade: new estimates for central asian countries by : Christopher Grigoriou

Download or read book landlockedness, infrastructure and trade: new estimates for central asian countries written by Christopher Grigoriou and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This paper assesses the impact of internal infrastructure and landlockedness on Central Asian trade using a panel gravity equation estimated on a large sample of countries (167 countries over 1992-2004). The panel structure of the dataset makes it possible to control for country-pair specific effects (as opposed to the usual importer and exporter effects) that would otherwise be captured by the coefficients of time-invariant variables such as distance or landlockness. Our findings highlight the need to pursue a dual policy agenda. First, transit corridors are regional public goods and should be managed as such through international cooperation. International Financial Institutions can -and do- play a key role in this regard through assistance, coordination and policy dialogue. Second, the Central Asian countries should actively seek diversification of their transit corridors to prevent the creation or maintenance of monopoly positions in transit and bottleneck points such as trans-shipment platforms.

Does What You Export Matter?

Author : Daniel Lederman
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821384910
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Does What You Export Matter? by : Daniel Lederman

Download or read book Does What You Export Matter? written by Daniel Lederman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-06-18 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does what economies export matter for development? If so, can industrial policies improve on the export basket generated by the market? This book approaches these questions from a variety of conceptual and policy viewpoints. Reviewing the theoretical arguments in favor of industrial policies, the authors first ask whether existing indicators allow policy makers to identify growth-promoting sectors with confidence. To this end, they assess, and ultimately cast doubt upon, the reliability of many popular indicators advocated by proponents of industrial policy. Second, and central to their critique, the authors document extraordinary differences in the performance of countries exporting seemingly identical products, be they natural resources or 'high-tech' goods. Further, they argue that globalization has so fragmented the production process that even talking about exported goods as opposed to tasks may be misleading. Reviewing evidence from history and from around the world, the authors conclude that policy makers should focus less on what is produced, and more on how it is produced. They analyze alternative approaches to picking winners but conclude by favoring 'horizontal-ish' policies--for instance, those that build human capital or foment innovation in existing and future products—that only incidentally favor some sectors over others.

Azerbaijan: Moving Toward More Diversified, Resilient, and Inclusive Development

Author : Aimee Hampel-Milagrosa
Publisher : Asian Development Bank
ISBN 13 : 9292623117
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis Azerbaijan: Moving Toward More Diversified, Resilient, and Inclusive Development by : Aimee Hampel-Milagrosa

Download or read book Azerbaijan: Moving Toward More Diversified, Resilient, and Inclusive Development written by Aimee Hampel-Milagrosa and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2020-08-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Azerbaijan has set the course for the economy to reduce its dependence on oil by promoting new drivers of growth. By 2025, under the government’s Strategic Roads Maps, a more diversified economy should take shape led by three sectors: agriculture, tourism, and manufacturing. Bold reforms need to strengthen areas of the economy that could otherwise impede this transition, and policy makers must resolutely stay on the reform path. The core message of this publication is diversification toward non-oil sources of growth alongside efforts to reduce macroeconomic risks and the high cost of finance, make the education system responsive to the needs of the labor market, close infrastructure gaps, and help economically significant state-owned enterprises become more efficient.

A Decade of Transition

Author : Mr.Oleh Havrylyshyn
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 9781589060135
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (61 download)

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Book Synopsis A Decade of Transition by : Mr.Oleh Havrylyshyn

Download or read book A Decade of Transition written by Mr.Oleh Havrylyshyn and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2001-04-27 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews the experience of 25 non-Asian transition economies 10 years into their transformation to market economies. The volume is based on an IMF conference held in February 1999 in Washington, D.C., to take stock of the achievements and the challenges of transition in the context of three questions: How far has transition progressed ineach country? What factors explain the differences in the progress made? And what remains to be done?

Beyond Transition

Author : Ben Slay
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351162594
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (511 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond Transition by : Ben Slay

Download or read book Beyond Transition written by Ben Slay and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The post-communist Central European and Baltic economies are now approaching the end of their transitions to well-functioning market systems. In some respects, the approaching EU accession and conclusion of the transition marks the end of a fascinating period in economic history. Beyond Transition focuses on the economic problems and issues facing Central Europe and the Baltics, the Balkans, and countries belonging to the Commonwealth for Independent States (CIS) in the post-transition context. This focus reflects the need to better understand two processes that are increasingly apparent in the post-communist economic space. First, many of the problems now facing policy makers in post-communist economies - choice of exchange rate regime, tax reform, labour market regulation, improving corporate governance - also face policy makers in developed and developing countries in other parts of the world. Second, the EU's eastern enlargement and the policy agendas facing the first wave accession candidates have major implications for the CIS and Balkan countries that have not been (and may never be) invited to join this process.