One Language, Two Grammars?

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139474235
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis One Language, Two Grammars? by : Günter Rohdenburg

Download or read book One Language, Two Grammars? written by Günter Rohdenburg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-01-22 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well known that British and American English differ substantially in their pronunciation and vocabulary - but differences in their grammar have largely been underestimated. This volume focuses on British–American differences in the structure of words and sentences and supports them with computer-aided studies of large text collections. Present-day as well as earlier forms of the two varieties are included in the analyses. This makes it the first book-length treatment of British and American English grammar in contrast, with topics ranging from compound verbs to word order differences and tag questions. The authors explore some of the better-known contrasts, as well as a great variety of innovative themes that have so far received little or no consideration. Bringing together the work of a team of leading scholars in the field, this book will be of interest to those working within the fields of English historical linguistics, language variation and change, and dialectology.

One Language, Two Grammars?

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521872197
Total Pages : 487 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis One Language, Two Grammars? by : Günter Rohdenburg

Download or read book One Language, Two Grammars? written by Günter Rohdenburg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-01-22 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on British-American differences in the structure of words and sentences. The first full-length treatment of the topic, it will be of interest to scholars working within the fields of English historical linguistics, language variation and change, and dialectology.

Bilingualism in the Community

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108415822
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Bilingualism in the Community by : Rena Torres Cacoullos

Download or read book Bilingualism in the Community written by Rena Torres Cacoullos and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-08 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of bilinguals' use of two languages reveals highly adept code-switching: alternating between languages while keeping intact the separate grammars.

A grammar of Moloko

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Publisher : Language Science Press
ISBN 13 : 3946234631
Total Pages : 475 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (462 download)

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Book Synopsis A grammar of Moloko by : Dianne Friesen

Download or read book A grammar of Moloko written by Dianne Friesen and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2017-07-11 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This grammar provides the first comprehensive grammatical description of Moloko, a Chadic language spoken by about 10,000 speakers in northern Cameroon. The grammar was developed from hours and years that the authors spent at friends’ houses hearing and recording stories, hours spent listening to the tapes and transcribing the stories, then translating them and studying the language through them. Time was spent together and with others speaking the language and talking about it, translating resources and talking to Moloko people about them. Grammar and phonology discoveries were made in the office, in the fields while working, and at gatherings. In the process, the four authors have become more and more passionate about the Moloko language and are eager to share their knowledge about it with others. Intriguing phonological aspects of Moloko include the fact that words have a consonantal skeleton and only one underlying vowel (but with ten phonetic variants). The simplicity of the vowel system contrasts with the complexity of the verb word, which can include information (in addition to the verbal idea) about subject, direct object (semantic Theme), indirect object (recipient or beneficiary), direction, location, aspect (Imperfective and Perfective), mood (indicative, irrealis, iterative), and Perfect aspect. Some of the fascinating aspects about the grammar of Moloko include transitivity issues, question formation, presupposition, and the absence of simple adjectives as a grammatical class. Most verbs are not inherently transitive or intransitive, but rather the semantics is tied to the number and type of core grammatical relations in a clause. Morphologically, two types of verb pronominals indicate two kinds of direct object; both are found in ditransitive clauses. Noun incorporation of special ‘body-part’ nouns in some verbs adds another grammatical argument and changes the lexical characteristics of the verb. Clauses of zero transitivity can occur in main clauses due to the use of dependent verb forms and ideophones. Question formation is interesting in that the interrogative pronoun is clause-final for most constructions. The clause will sometimes be reconfigured so that the interrogative pronoun can be clause-final. Expectation is a foundational pillar for Moloko grammar. Three types of irrealis mood relate to speaker’s expectation concerning the accomplishment of an event. Clauses are organised around the concept of presupposition, through the use of the na-construction. Known or expected elements are marked with the na particle. There are no simple adjectives in Moloko; all adjectives are derived from nouns. The authors invite others to further explore the intricacies of the phonology and grammar of this intriguing language.

British or American English?

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139457322
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis British or American English? by : John Algeo

Download or read book British or American English? written by John Algeo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-08-10 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speakers of British and American English display some striking differences in their use of grammar. In this detailed survey, John Algeo considers questions such as: •Who lives on a street, and who lives in a street? •Who takes a bath, and who has a bath? •Who says Neither do I, and who says Nor do I? •After 'thank you', who says Not at all and who says You're welcome? •Whose team are on the ball, and whose team isn't? Containing extensive quotations from real-life English on both sides of the Atlantic, collected over the past twenty years, this is a clear and highly organized guide to the differences - and the similarities - between the grammar of British and American speakers. Written for those with no prior knowledge of linguistics, it shows how these grammatical differences are linked mainly to particular words, and provides an accessible account of contemporary English in use.

Language Between Description and Prescription

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190270675
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Language Between Description and Prescription by : Lieselotte Anderwald

Download or read book Language Between Description and Prescription written by Lieselotte Anderwald and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on 258 English grammar books, Language Between Description and Prescription investigates nineteenth-century grammar writing relating to actual language change, especially in the verb phrase. Lieselotte Andewald proposes that not all changes were noticed in the first place, and those that were noticed were not necessarily criticized. The book also demonstrates that though grammars were prescriptivist, their effect was at best minimal.

Between Two Grammars

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789766373528
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (735 download)

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Book Synopsis Between Two Grammars by : Beverley Bryan

Download or read book Between Two Grammars written by Beverley Bryan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Between Two Grammars builds on earlier works in the field of language learning and teaching and brings new ideas about language teaching in a Creole-speaking environment. Using Jamaica as the example, the history of education is examined with a view to explaining some of the current attitudes to schooling and the objections to accepting Jamaican Creole (Patois/Patwa) as a necessary part of the consciousness of the classroom teacher. Constructed with an understanding of the unique requirements for language teaching in the Caribbean, whilst integrating theory and practice, Dr Byan's recommendations in Between Two Grammars are the result of years of research within the fields of sociolinguistics, language education, Caribbean history and teacher education. Educators, whether in training or in practice; and Education policymakers will find Between Two Grammars not only an enriching presentation of the nature of language debates in the Caribbean but also an empowering tool for improved language teaching practice. "

Introducing English Grammar

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134671512
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (346 download)

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Book Synopsis Introducing English Grammar by : Kersti Borjars

Download or read book Introducing English Grammar written by Kersti Borjars and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Answering key questions such as 'Why study grammar?' and 'What is standard English?', Introducing English Grammar guides readers through the practical analysis of the syntax of English sentences. With all special terms carefully explained as they are introduced, the book is written for readers with no previous experience of grammatical analysis. It is ideal for all those beginning their study of linguistics, English language or speech pathology, as well as students with primarily literary interests who need to cover the basics of linguistic analysis. The approach taken is in line with current research in grammar, a particular advantage for students who may go on to study syntax in more depth. All the examples and exercises use real language taken from newspaper articles, non-standard dialects and include excerpts from studies of patients with language difficulties. Students are encouraged to think about the terminology as a tool kit for studying language and to test what can and cannot be described using these tools. This new edition has been fully revised in line with recent research. There is a new chapter on World English, a new glossary and a free website with extensive further reading and answers to the exercises.

Grammars for Programming Languages

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Publisher : Elsevier Publishing Company
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Grammars for Programming Languages by : J. Craig Cleaveland

Download or read book Grammars for Programming Languages written by J. Craig Cleaveland and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1977 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thus, the organization of the book as it finally evolved contains two introductory chapters that can be read by anyone familiar with a programming language. These chapters provide a general background in the commonly-used grammatical notations describing the syntax of a programming language. This is information that should be familiar to anyone who programs-unfortunately, it is familiar to only a very few. With the information contained in these first two chapters, the programmer should have confident access to the syntactic portions of programming-language reference manuals. This includes an understanding of what will not appear in the syntax as well as what should appear there. The remainder of the book builds on this basic foundation exploring the limits of definitional possibilities using a grammatical formalism. To this end, the third chapter introduces the ALGOL 68 grammatical formalism with extensive examples. The fourth chapter gives four grammars describing a simple programming language. This illustrates the evolution of grammatical definitions from ALGOL 60 to ALGOL 68 and beyond. The third grammar in the fourth chapter successfully supplies an answer to Martin Kay's germinal challenge.

Bilingual Children

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107181364
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Bilingual Children by : Jürgen M. Meisel

Download or read book Bilingual Children written by Jürgen M. Meisel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical and reassuring guide will enable readers to make informed decisions about how to raise their child bilingually.

Essential German Grammar

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317541820
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis Essential German Grammar by : Martin Durrell

Download or read book Essential German Grammar written by Martin Durrell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-02-20 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential German Grammar is a student-friendly grammar and workbook designed to give learners a firm foundation on which to build a real understanding of both spoken and written German. The reference grammar section offers clear explanations of key grammar points while a separate exercise section gives students the opportunity to test themselves and put into practice what they have learned. This new edition has been revised and updated throughout. Explanations, tables and exercises have been improved and a number of the authentic texts and illustrations have been replaced by new material. Key features of this second edition include: User-friendly layout with updated 2 colour design, engaging illustrations and visually appealing tables throughout to aid the learning process Clear and accessible explanations with memorable examples informed by the latest research on the German language and presented in accordance with current teaching methodology Helpful parallels between English and German provided where relevant End-of-chapter extracts taken from contemporary journalistic or authentic literary sources, illustrating grammar in context, with model translations provided at the back of the book Material to enable better strategic learning and understanding, including a Why Grammar?—FAQ section, a glossary of grammatical terms in both English and German and a complete answer key to exercises Created especially for the new edition, a companion website at www.routledge.com/cw/kaiser offering a wealth of additional materials, including interactive exercises, quizzes and flashcards to test student understanding, downloadable PDF sheets for classroom use, PowerPoint slides for instructors and audio recordings illustrating the sounds of spoken German. Written by highly experienced lecturers in the field, Essential German Grammar is an invaluable resource for intermediate and advanced students of German (CEFR levels A2 to B2, ACTFL Novice High to Intermediate High). It is designed to function equally as a free-standing grammar or as a foundation grammar for Hammer’s German Grammar and Usage and is suitable for both classroom use and self-study.

Founding Grammars

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Publisher : Macmillan + ORM
ISBN 13 : 1466846283
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (668 download)

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Book Synopsis Founding Grammars by : Rosemarie Ostler

Download or read book Founding Grammars written by Rosemarie Ostler and published by Macmillan + ORM. This book was released on 2015-05-12 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A “lively and revealing” history of America’s obsession with grammar—from the debate over double negatives to the influence of frontier vernacular (Kirkus Reviews). Standard grammar and accurate spelling are widely considered hallmarks of a good education, but their exact definitions are much more contentious—capable of inciting a full-blown grammar war at the splice of a comma. With an accessible and enthusiastic approach, Ostler considers these grammatical shibboleths, tracing current debates back to America’s earliest days, an era when most families owned only two books—the Bible and a grammar primer. Along the way, she investigates colorful historical characters on both sides of the grammar debate in her efforts to unmask the origins of contemporary speech. Linguistic founding fathers like Noah Webster, Tory expatriate Lindley Murray, and post-Civil War literary critic Richard Grant White, all play a featured role in creating the rules we’ve come to use, and occasionally discard, throughout the years. Founding Grammars is for curious readers who want to know where grammar rules have come from, where they’ve been, and where they might go next.

Grammars of Creation

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Publisher : Open Road Media
ISBN 13 : 1480411868
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Grammars of Creation by : George Steiner

Download or read book Grammars of Creation written by George Steiner and published by Open Road Media. This book was released on 2013-04-16 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DIV“A fresh, revelatory, golden eagle’s eye-view of western literature.” —Financial Times/divDIV Early in Grammars of Creation, George Steiner references Plato’s maxim that in “all things natural and human, the origin is the most excellent.” Creation, he argues, is linguistically fundamental in theology, philosophy, art, music, literature—central, in fact, to our very humanity. Since the Holocaust, however, art has shown a tendency to linger on endings—on sundown instead of sunrise. Asserting that every use of the future tense of the verb “to be” is a negation of mortality, Steiner draws on everything from world wars and the Nazis to religion and the word of God to demonstrate how our grammar reveals our perceptions, reflections, and experiences. His study shows the twentieth century to be largely a failed one, but also offers a glimpse of hope for Western civilization, a new light peeking just over the horizon./div

Catching Language

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Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110197693
Total Pages : 671 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Catching Language by : Felix K. Ameka

Download or read book Catching Language written by Felix K. Ameka and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2008-08-22 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Descriptive grammars are our main vehicle for documenting and analysing the linguistic structure of the world's 6,000 languages. They bring together, in one place, a coherent treatment of how the whole language works, and therefore form the primary source of information on a given language, consulted by a wide range of users: areal specialists, typologists, theoreticians of any part of language (syntax, morphology, phonology, historical linguistics etc.), and members of the speech communities concerned. The writing of a descriptive grammar is a major intellectual challenge, that calls on the grammarian to balance a respect for the language's distinctive genius with an awareness of how other languages work, to combine rigour with readability, to depict structural regularities while respecting a corpus of real material, and to represent something of the native speaker's competence while recognising the variation inherent in any speech community. Despite a recent surge of awareness of the need to document little-known languages, there is no book that focusses on the manifold issues that face the author of a descriptive grammar. This volume brings together contributors who approach the problem from a range of angles. Most have written descriptive grammars themselves, but others represent different types of reader. Among the topics they address are: overall issues of grammar design, the complementary roles of outsider and native speaker grammarians, the balance between grammar and lexicon, cross-linguistic comparability, the role of explanation in grammatical description, the interplay of theory and a range of fieldwork methods in language description, the challenges of describing languages in their cultural and historical context, and the tensions between linguistic particularity, established practice of particular schools of linguistic description and the need for a universally commensurable analytic framework. This book will renew the field of grammaticography, addressing a multiple readership of descriptive linguists, typologists, and formal linguists, by bringing together a range of distinguished practitioners from around the world to address these questions.

The Ik language

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Publisher : Language Science Press
ISBN 13 : 3944675959
Total Pages : 617 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ik language by : Terrill B. Schrock

Download or read book The Ik language written by Terrill B. Schrock and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2017-03-13 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a dictionary and grammar sketch of Ik, one of the three Kuliak (Rub) languages spoken in the beautiful Karamoja region of northeastern Uganda. It is the lexicographic sequel to \textit{A grammar of Ik (Icé-tód): Northeast Uganda’s last thriving Kuliak language} (Schrock 2014). The present volume includes an Ik-English dictionary with roughly 8,700 entries, followed by a reversed English-Ik index. These two main sections are then supplemented with an outline of Ik grammar that is comprehensive in its coverage of topics and written in a simple style, using standard linguistic terminology in a way that is accessible to interested non-linguists as well. This book may prove useful for language preservation and development among the Ik people, as a reference tool for non-Ik learners of the language, and as a source of data, not only for the comparative study of Kuliak but also the wider Afroasiatic and Nilo-Saharan language families.

One Or Two Words

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Publisher : National University of Singapore Press
ISBN 13 : 9789813251144
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (511 download)

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Book Synopsis One Or Two Words by : Aurora Donzelli

Download or read book One Or Two Words written by Aurora Donzelli and published by National University of Singapore Press. This book was released on 2020-09-25 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Toraja highlanders of Indonesia use the expression "one or two words" to refer euphemistically to their highly elaborate form of political speechmaking. Taking off from this understatement, which signals the meaningfulness of transient acts of speech, One or Two Words offers an analysis of the shifting power relations between centers and peripheries in one of the world's most linguistically diverse countries. Drawing on long-term fieldwork, Aurora Donzelli explores how people forge forms of collective belonging to a distinctive locality through the exchange of spoken words, WhatsApp messages, ritual gifts of pigs and buffaloes, and the performance of elaborate political speeches and ritual chants. Donzelli describes the complex forms of cosmopolitan indigeneity that have emerged in the Toraja highlands during several decades of encounters with a variety of local and international interlocutors, and by engaging wider debates on the dynamics of cultural and linguistic change in relationship to globalizing influences, the book sheds light on a neglected dimension of post-Suharto Indonesia: the recalibration of power relations between national and local languages. One or Two Words will be of interest to scholars of language, politics, power relationships, identity, social change, and local responses to globalizing influences.

Exploring Linguistic Science

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 1108424805
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Exploring Linguistic Science by : Allison Burkette

Download or read book Exploring Linguistic Science written by Allison Burkette and published by . This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces students to the scientific study of language, using the basic principles of complexity theory.