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Author : William Whewell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 604 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book On the Philosophy of Discovery written by William Whewell and published by . This book was released on 1860 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Karl Popper
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134470029
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (344 download)
Download or read book The Logic of Scientific Discovery written by Karl Popper and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-11-04 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Described by the philosopher A.J. Ayer as a work of 'great originality and power', this book revolutionized contemporary thinking on science and knowledge. Ideas such as the now legendary doctrine of 'falsificationism' electrified the scientific community, influencing even working scientists, as well as post-war philosophy. This astonishing work ranks alongside The Open Society and Its Enemies as one of Popper's most enduring books and contains insights and arguments that demand to be read to this day.
Author : William F. Lawhead
Publisher : Wadsworth Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9780495127796
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (277 download)
Download or read book The Voyage of Discovery written by William F. Lawhead and published by Wadsworth Publishing Company. This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosophy didn't just drop out of the air. Discover how philosophers used each other's works to develop their own with CENGAGE ADVANTAGE BOOKS: VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY: A HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY. Inside you'll be able to retrace philosopher's intellectual journeys and then figure out how to use that information in your own life. Plus, it's packed with stories, examples, illustrations, and study tools, so you'll be able to master the material with no problem.
Author : Herbert A. Simon
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401095213
Total Pages : 471 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Models of Discovery written by Herbert A. Simon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We respect Herbert A. Simon as an established leader of empirical and logical analysis in the human sciences while we happily think of him as also the loner; of course he works with many colleagues but none can match him. He has been writing fruitfully and steadily for four decades in many fields, among them psychology, logic, decision theory, economics, computer science, management, production engineering, information and control theory, operations research, confirmation theory, and we must have omitted several. With all of them, he is at once the technical scientist and the philosophical critic and analyst. When writing of decisions and actions, he is at the interface of philosophy of science, decision theory, philosophy of the specific social sciences, and inventory theory (itself, for him, at the interface of economic theory, production engineering and information theory). When writing on causality, he is at the interface of methodology, metaphysics, logic and philosophy of physics, systems theory, and so on. Not that the interdisciplinary is his orthodoxy; we are delighted that he has chosen to include in this book both his early and little-appreciated treatment of straightforward philosophy of physics - the axioms of Newtonian mechanics, and also his fine papers on pure confirmation theory.
Author : William F. Lawhead
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780534233464
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (334 download)
Download or read book The Voyage of Discovery written by William F. Lawhead and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text gives students a solid framework for understanding the major philosophical trends and concepts in Western Civilization, from the pre-Socratic era to the 20th century.
Author : Wolfgang-Rainer Mann
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780691010205
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (12 download)
Download or read book The Discovery of Things written by Wolfgang-Rainer Mann and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2000-03-13 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aristotle's Categories can easily seem to be a statement of a naïve, pre-philosophical ontology, centered around ordinary items. Wolfgang-Rainer Mann argues that the treatise, in fact, presents a revolutionary metaphysical picture, one Aristotle arrives at by (implicitly) criticizing Plato and Plato's strange counterparts, the "Late-Learners" of the Sophist. As Mann shows, the Categories reflects Aristotle's discovery that ordinary items are things (objects with properties). Put most starkly, Mann contends that there were no things before Aristotle. The author's argument consists of two main elements. First, a careful investigation of Plato which aims to make sense of the odd-sounding suggestion that things do not show up as things in his ontology. Secondly, an exposition of the theoretical apparatus Aristotle introduces in the Categories--an exposition which shows how Plato's and the Late-Learners' metaphysical pictures cannot help but seem inadequate in light of that apparatus. In doing so, Mann reveals that Aristotle's conception of things--now so engrained in Western thought as to seem a natural expression of common sense--was really a hard-won philosophical achievement. Clear, subtle, and rigorously argued, The Discovery of Things will reshape our understanding of some of Aristotle's--and Plato's--most basic ideas.
Author : William Whewell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Novum Organon Renovatum written by William Whewell and published by . This book was released on 1858 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : William Whewell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 572 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book On the Philosophy of Discovery written by William Whewell and published by . This book was released on 1860 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Rani Lill Anjum
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0198733666
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)
Download or read book Causation in Science and the Methods of Scientific Discovery written by Rani Lill Anjum and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Causal questions are relevant to all sciences and social sciences, yet how we discover causal connections is no easy matter. Indeed, the choice of methods concerns the correct norms for the empirical study of the world. In this text, two experts on causation relate philosophical theory to scientific practice and propose nine new norms of discovery.
Author : W. H. Newton-Smith
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN 13 : 9780631230205
Total Pages : 596 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (32 download)
Download or read book A Companion to the Philosophy of Science written by W. H. Newton-Smith and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2001-10-08 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unmatched in the quality of its world-renowned contributors, this companion serves as both a course text and a reference book across the broad spectrum of issues of concern to the philosophy of science.
Author : Kenneth Seeskin
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 1438419325
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)
Download or read book Dialogue and Discovery written by Kenneth Seeskin and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2016-02-24 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the Socratic method of elenchus, or refutation. Refutation by its very nature is a conflict, which in the hands of Plato becomes high drama. The continuing conversation in which it occurs is more a test of character than of intellect. Dialogue and Discovery shows that, in his conversations, Socrates seeks to define moral qualities—moral essences—with the goal of improving the soul of the respondent. Ethics underlies epistemology because the discovery of philosophic truth imposes moral demands on the respondent. The recognition that moral qualities such as honesty, humility, and courage are necessary to successful inquiry is the key to the understanding of the Socratic paradox that virtue is knowledge. The dialogues receiving the most emphasis are the Apology, Gorgias, Protagoras, and Meno.
Author : Peter Achinstein
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198032919
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)
Download or read book The Book of Evidence written by Peter Achinstein and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2001-09-20 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is required for something to be evidence for a hypothesis? In this fascinating, elegantly written work, distinguished philosopher of science Peter Achinstein explores this question, rejecting typical philosophical and statistical theories of evidence. He claims these theories are much too weak to give scientists what they want--a good reason to believe--and, in some cases, they furnish concepts that mistakenly make all evidential claims a priori. Achinstein introduces four concepts of evidence, defines three of them by reference to "potential" evidence, and characterizes the latter using a novel epistemic interpretation of probability. The resulting theory is then applied to philosophical and historical issues. Solutions are provided to the "grue," "ravens," "lottery," and "old-evidence" paradoxes, and to a series of questions. These include whether explanations or predictions furnish more evidential weight, whether individual hypotheses or entire theoretical systems can receive evidential support, what counts as a scientific discovery, and what sort of evidence is required for it. The historical questions include whether Jean Perrin had non-circular evidence for the existence of molecules, what type of evidence J. J. Thomson offered for the existence of the electron, and whether, as is usually supposed, he really discovered the electron. Achinstein proposes answers in terms of the concepts of evidence introduced. As the premier book in the fabulous new series Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Science, this volume is essential for philosophers of science and historians of science, as well as for statisticians, scientists with philosophical interests, and anyone curious about scientific reasoning.
Author : Paul K. Feyerabend
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0745694764
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (456 download)
Download or read book Philosophy of Nature written by Paul K. Feyerabend and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-26 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosopher, physicist, and anarchist Paul Feyerabend was one of the most unconventional scholars of his time. His book Against Method has become a modern classic. Yet it is not well known that Feyerabend spent many years working on a philosophy of nature that was intended to comprise three volumes covering the period from the earliest traces of stone age cave paintings to the atomic physics of the 20th century – a project that, as he conveyed in a letter to Imre Lakatos, almost drove him nuts: “Damn the ,Naturphilosophie.” The book’s manuscript was long believed to have been lost. Recently, however, a typescript constituting the first volume of the project was unexpectedly discovered at the University of Konstanz. In this volume Feyerabend explores the significance of myths for the early period of natural philosophy, as well as the transition from Homer’s “aggregate universe” to Parmenides’ uniform ontology. He focuses on the rise of rationalism in Greek antiquity, which he considers a disastrous development, and the associated separation of man from nature. Thus Feyerabend explores the prehistory of science in his familiar polemical and extraordinarily learned manner. The volume contains numerous pictures and drawings by Feyerabend himself. It also contains hitherto unpublished biographical material that will help to round up our overall image of one of the most influential radical philosophers of the twentieth century.
Author : Kevin White
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (4 download)
Download or read book Hispanic Philosophy in the Age of Discovery written by Kevin White and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents 15 studies occasioned by the 500th anniversary of the European discovery of America. It covers both the initial encounters between the Europeans and native Americans and the golden age of Hispanic philosophy that followed the discovery - specifically between 1500 and 1650.
Author : William Whewell
Publisher : Scholar's Choice
ISBN 13 : 9781297318061
Total Pages : 710 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (18 download)
Download or read book History of the Inductive Sciences - Scholar's Choice Edition written by William Whewell and published by Scholar's Choice. This book was released on 2015-02-19 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author : P. Ifergan
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137302135
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (373 download)
Download or read book Hegel's Discovery of the Philosophy of Spirit written by P. Ifergan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-31 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exploration of Hegel's critique of the individualistic ethos of modernity and the genesis of his alternative vision traces the conceptual schemes Hegel experimented with to show how he settled on the concepts of 'ethical life' (Sittlichkeit) and Spirit as the means for overcoming subjectivity and domination.
Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080548547
Total Pages : 713 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book General Philosophy of Science: Focal Issues written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-07-18 with total page 713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists use concepts and principles that are partly specific for their subject matter, but they also share part of them with colleagues working in different fields. Compare the biological notion of a 'natural kind' with the general notion of 'confirmation' of a hypothesis by certain evidence. Or compare the physical principle of the 'conservation of energy' and the general principle of 'the unity of science'. Scientists agree that all such notions and principles aren't as crystal clear as one might wish. An important task of the philosophy of the special sciences, such as philosophy of physics, of biology and of economics, to mention only a few of the many flourishing examples, is the clarification of such subject specific concepts and principles. Similarly, an important task of 'general' philosophy of science is the clarification of concepts like 'confirmation' and principles like 'the unity of science'. It is evident that clarfication of concepts and principles only makes sense if one tries to do justice, as much as possible, to the actual use of these notions by scientists, without however following this use slavishly. That is, occasionally a philosopher may have good reasons for suggesting to scientists that they should deviate from a standard use. Frequently, this amounts to a plea for differentiation in order to stop debates at cross-purposes due to the conflation of different meanings. While the special volumes of the series of Handbooks of the Philosophy of Science address topics relative to a specific discipline, this general volume deals with focal issues of a general nature. After an editorial introduction about the dominant method of clarifying concepts and principles in philosophy of science, called explication, the first five chapters deal with the following subjects. Laws, theories, and research programs as units of empirical knowledge (Theo Kuipers), various past and contemporary perspectives on explanation (Stathis Psillos), the evaluation of theories in terms of their virtues (Ilkka Niiniluto), and the role of experiments in the natural sciences, notably physics and biology (Allan Franklin), and their role in the social sciences, notably economics (Wenceslao Gonzalez). In the subsequent three chapters there is even more attention to various positions and methods that philosophers of science and scientists may favor: ontological, epistemological, and methodological positions (James Ladyman), reduction, integration, and the unity of science as aims in the sciences and the humanities (William Bechtel and Andrew Hamilton), and logical, historical and computational approaches to the philosophy of science (Atocha Aliseda and Donald Gillies).The volume concludes with the much debated question of demarcating science from nonscience (Martin Mahner) and the rich European-American history of the philosophy of science in the 20th century (Friedrich Stadler). - Comprehensive coverage of the philosophy of science written by leading philosophers in this field - Clear style of writing for an interdisciplinary audience - No specific pre-knowledge required
