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Download or read book On the Meridional Heat Transport and Its Partition Between the Atmosphere and Oceans written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By Daniel Enderton.
Author : Daniel Enderton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (429 download)
Download or read book On the Meridional Heat Transport and Its Partition Between the Atmosphere and Oceans written by Daniel Enderton and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (cont.) These results are diagnosed in the context of simple models and scalings which compare the strength of the atmospheric and oceanic circulations and the energy contrasts across the flows. Parallels are drawn with present and paleo climate. Finally, I produce a new estimate of the total meridional heat transport employing the method of minimum variance estimation, data from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System instruments, and a prior estimate. This new estimate yields a peak poleward heat transport of 5.6 ± 0.8 PW at 35°N and 35°S with a northward transport of 0.1 ± 0.9 PW at the equator. This represents a 27% reduction in the standard error relative to the prior estimate. An estimate of the partition is made using direct ocean heat transport estimates with the atmospheric component computed as a residual.
Author : Peter John Gleckler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (53 download)
Download or read book The Partitioning of Meridional Energy Transport Between the Ocean and the Atmosphere written by Peter John Gleckler and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alison M. Macdonald
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128058781
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Alison M. Macdonald and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to ascertain the implications of a changing climate are based first and foremost on our understanding the fundamental balances comprising earth’s climate. The global energy budget is integral to this understanding, and the poleward transport of heat by the oceans is an intrinsic component of the energy balance. In this chapter, we look to describe what is presently known about ocean heat transport and its role in the climate system. At the end of the last century, as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) and the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), the ocean-going research community completed a decade-long international effort to explore the ocean through the acquisition of a single consistent and comparable set of high-quality, full-depth observations. This global-scale field campaign was designed to determine the mean steady-state basin-scale circulation and meridional ocean heat transport. At the time, it was recognized that this mean was unlikely to be stationary. It was also understood that patterns of variability that had yet to be measured would influence our eventual understanding of these one-time “synoptic” observations. A decade later, time series of ocean heat transport (from moorings, repeat XBT and CTD lines and profiling floats), although still quite short and either spatially and/or temporally sparse, are now becoming available. The WOCE/JGOFS programs of the 1990s have been extended through large international efforts first by the Climate Variability and Predictability program and now by the Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program. Through these newly acquired time series, improvements in analysis techniques, and recent modeling advances, we are beginning to describe ocean heat transport variability and to understand its possible response to and role in climate change. In this chapter, we focus on what has been learnt about ocean heat transport through in situ observations. We include some history, a detailed description of ocean heat transport computation and decomposition, and a discussion of the present state of the science, seeking to measure ocean heat transport variability.
Author : Robert R. Dickson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402067747
Total Pages : 728 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Arctic-Subarctic Ocean Fluxes written by Robert R. Dickson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-03 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are only now beginning to understand the climatic impact of the remarkable events that are now occurring in subarctic waters. Researchers, however, have yet to agree upon a predictive model that links change in our northern seas to climate. This volume brings together the body of evidence needed to develop climate models that quantify the ocean exchanges through subarctic seas, measure their variability, and gauge their impact on climate.
Author : John Marshall
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080556701
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics written by John Marshall and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-12-19 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate science, Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics is an introductory textbook on the circulations of the atmosphere and ocean and their interaction, with an emphasis on global scales. It will give students a good grasp of what the atmosphere and oceans look like on the large-scale and why they look that way. The role of the oceans in climate and paleoclimate is also discussed. The combination of observations, theory and accompanying illustrative laboratory experiments sets this text apart by making it accessible to students with no prior training in meteorology or oceanography. * Written at a mathematical level that is appealing for undergraduates andbeginning graduate students* Provides a useful educational tool through a combination of observations andlaboratory demonstrations which can be viewed over the web* Contains instructions on how to reproduce the simple but informativelaboratory experiments* Includes copious problems (with sample answers) to help students learn thematerial.
Author : Jinting Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (936 download)
Download or read book Variability of Large-scale Ocean Circulation and Meridional Heat Transport in the Atlantic Ocean written by Jinting Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research described in the dissertation addresses what controls the variability of ocean circulation and meridional heat transport (MHT) in the Atlantic Ocean on different timescales. Chapter 2 focuses on the contribution of surface heating and wind forcing with/without topography to the seasonal and interannual-to-decadal variations of large-scale sea surface height (SSH) using simplified models. On the seasonal timescale thermosteric height explains most of the SSH variance north of 18°N and first mode linear long Rossby wave explains the SSH between 10°N-15°N and east of Greenland. On interannual-to-decadal timescales, a topographic Sverdrup response explains interannual-to-decadal SSH between 53°N and 63°N east of Greenland, suggesting the important role of topography in the subpolar region. Farther south, the linear Rossby wave model explains SSH variations on interannual-to-decadal timescales between 30°N and 50°N from mid-basin to the eastern boundary. In Chapter 3, perturbation experiments and a 1000-year control simulation in the GFDL coupled model CM2.1 are used to investigate the evolution of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and its related upper ocean heat content (UOHC) on the decadal timescale. A slow southward propagation of positive AMOC anomaly in northern high latitudes leads to a convergence (divergence) of the Atlantic MHT anomaly in the subpolar (Gulf Stream) region, thus warming (cooling) in the subpolar (Gulf Stream) region after several years. The study presented in Chapter 4 examines the coherence structure of the interannual MHT variability in the Atlantic tropics and subtropics using seven simulations in the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) archive as well as a hindcast simulation in the isopycnal ocean model GOLD (Generalized Ocean Layered Dynamics) from 1971 to 2009. The spatial pattern for the leading mode of the interannual MHT anomaly from all the model simulations has the same sign from 20°S-30°N, with a peak near the equator. Ekman heat transport anomalies between 7°S-20°N and the geostrophic transport beneath the Ekman layer from 13°S-27°N (except the equator) contribute to this MHT leading mode, while the contribution of the deep ocean is negligible. The connection between the hemispheres results from diapycnal transport of the northward geostrophic transport beneath the Ekman layer in the southern tropics; after this water reaches the upper ocean, it then moves northward where Ekman transport takes over. The wind is the main external forcing for the MHT coherence structure. The work in this thesis enhances the understanding of the contributions of heating, winds and topography on sea level changes on seasonal and interannual-to-decadal timescales, as well as the decadal and interannual variability of the AMOC and MHT in the Atlantic Ocean. It could be used to understand the effect of topography on the ocean circulation in the high latitude, improve the decadal prediction of the UOHC in the North Atlantic Ocean, and advance the knowledge of the tropical Atlantic heat transport and ocean-atmosphere coupling system.
Author : John Marshall
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080954561
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics written by John Marshall and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1978-11-16 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate science, Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics is an introductory textbook on the circulations of the atmosphere and ocean and their interaction, with an emphasis on global scales. It will give students a good grasp of what the atmosphere and oceans look like on the large-scale and why they look that way. The role of the oceans in climate and paleoclimate is also discussed. The combination of observations, theory and accompanying illustrative laboratory experiments sets this text apart by making it accessible to students with no prior training in meteorology or oceanography. * Written at a mathematical level that is appealing for undergraduates and beginning graduate students * Provides a useful educational tool through a combination of observations and laboratory demonstrations which can be viewed over the web * Contains instructions on how to reproduce the simple but informative laboratory experiments * Includes copious problems (with sample answers) to help students learn the material.
Download or read book Ŏjŏng kʻuei chang chʻüan yün written by and published by . This book was released on 1800 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Carl Wunsch
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521480901
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (89 download)
Download or read book The Ocean Circulation Inverse Problem written by Carl Wunsch and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-06-13 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the problem of inferring the state of the ocean circulation, from a mathematical perspective.
Author : Mona Behl
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (859 download)
Download or read book The Robustness of the Heat Released by the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Cell to the Atmosphere written by Mona Behl and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Climatologists have been paying much attention to the question of how the climate of the northern hemisphere would change if the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Cell (AMOC) were to slow down. Since less heat would be released to the atmosphere, it has been suggested that a slow down of the AMOC would cause the northern hemisphere to cool. There are large international observational programs focusing on the question of how much the AMOC will slow down and how much the atmosphere will cool. Our research uses a sequence of nonlinear analytical models to show that the northward heat transport by the AMOC is very large compared to the heat released from the AMOC to the atmosphere and due to the non-linearity of the system even changes of 50% in the AMOC transport hardly change the atmospheric temperature. Our most realistic atmospheric convection model involves a warm oceanic current losing heat to an otherwise motionless and colder atmosphere. As a result of this heat exchange, the atmosphere convects and the generated air flow ultimately penetrates horizontally into the surrounding air in a way similar to the airflow in the familiar heat-island problem. The heat exchange near the air-sea interface follows the familiar bulk formulae and the compressible, convective atmosphere penetrates into a stably stratified atmosphere with a constant lapse rate (outside the convective region). This research illuminates the critical importance of the four key aspects of the heat exchange process: (i) the non-linear dependence of the atmospheric mass transport on the ocean mass transport, (ii) the dependence of the atmospheric transport on the ocean heat capacity and the large heat capacity ratio of water to air (~4) (iii) the proportionality of the heat-flux to the temperature difference between the ocean and the air (for our simplest conceptual models where saturation specific humidity, Bowen ratio, relative humidity are assumed to be constant), and (iv) the fact that the ocean is warmer (by 10-20 degrees) than the air above it. These four aspects of the problem combine in the non-linear system and lead the system to a saturation state where even significant changes in the AMOC have almost no effect on both the ocean/air heat-flux and the resulting outgoing atmospheric temperature. In the hypothetical limit of infinitesimally large specific heat capacity of water, there is no change in the atmospheric transport or the temperatures of the ocean and the atmosphere, regardless of the reduction in the AMOC transport.
Author : Gabriele Messori
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book The Sporadic Nature of Meridional Heat Transport in the Atmosphere written by Gabriele Messori and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Judith A. Curry
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0121995704
Total Pages : 493 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (219 download)
Download or read book Thermodynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans written by Judith A. Curry and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic Concepts: Composition, Structure, and State. First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. Transfer Processes. Thermodynamics of Water. Nucleation and Diffusional Growth. Moist Thermodynamics Processes in the Atmosphere. Static Stability of the Atmosphere and Ocean. Cloud Characteristics and Processes. Ocean Surface Exchanges of Heat and Freshwater. Sea, Ice, Snow, and Glaciers. Thermohaline Processes in the Ocean. Special Topics: Global Energy and Entropy Balances. Thermodynamics Feedbacks in the Climate System. Planetary Atmospheres and Surface Ice. Appendices. Subject Index.
Author : Gerald R. North
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527411321
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (274 download)
Download or read book Energy Balance Climate Models written by Gerald R. North and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-12-04 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy Balance Climate Models Written by renowned experts in the field, this first book to focus exclusively on energy balance climate models provides a concise overview of the topic. It covers all major aspects, from the simplest zero-dimensional models, proceeding to horizontally and vertically resolved models. The text begins with global average models, which are explored in terms of their elementary forms yielding the global average temperature, right up to the incorporation of feedback mechanisms and some analytical properties of interest. The eff ect of stochastic forcing is then used to introduce natural variability in the models before turning to the concept of stability theory. Other one dimensional or zonally averaged models are subsequently presented, along with various applications, including chapters on paleoclimatology, the inception of continental glaciations, detection of signals in the climate system, and optimal estimation of large scale quantities from point scale data. Throughout the book, the authors work on two mathematical levels: qualitative physical expositions of the subject material plus optional mathematical sections that include derivations and treatments of the equations along with some proofs of stability theorems. A must-have introduction for policy makers, environmental agencies, and NGOs, as well as climatologists, molecular physicists, and meteorologists.
Author : Leonel Pereira
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1837688583
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (376 download)
Download or read book Oceanography written by Leonel Pereira and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2024-06-12 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oceanography - Relationships of the Oceans with the Continents, Their Biodiversity, and the Atmosphere provides a comprehensive exploration of the intricate interplay between Earth’s oceans, continents, biodiversity, and atmosphere. This enlightening volume delves into the multidisciplinary field of oceanography, offering insights into the physical, chemical, biological, and geological characteristics of the ocean and their profound impact on global systems. Through a series of engaging chapters, readers will journey from the depths of deep-sea biodiversity to the dynamics of coastal areas and the influence of organic matter on marine ecosystems. Discover the economic potential of seaweed aquaculture in a changing climate and explore the complex interactions between rivers and seas. The book culminates with an in-depth analysis of large-scale ocean-atmosphere interactions in the northern hemisphere, unraveling the seasonal fluxes of heat and moisture that shape our planet’s climate patterns. Each chapter is meticulously crafted to illuminate key concepts and provoke thought on the urgent challenges facing our oceans and environment today. This book is an indispensable resource for students, researchers, and anyone intrigued by the mysteries of our planet’s marine realms. Whether seeking to understand climate dynamics, biodiversity conservation, or sustainable resource management, this book offers a comprehensive perspective on the vital role of oceanography in shaping our understanding of Earth’s interconnected systems.
Author : Dylan Charles Oldenburg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 125 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (128 download)
Download or read book Mechanisms of Variability in Atlantic Ocean Heat Transport and Meridional Overturning in Global Climate Models written by Dylan Charles Oldenburg and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meridional ocean heat transport (OHT) plays a major role in global climate. The Atlantic Ocean is particularly relevant to the global climate because its OHT is northward in both hemispheres due to the existence of the strong Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). This thesis gives new insights into what mechanisms drive changes in North Atlantic OHT. The first chapter focuses on the mechanisms that drive changes in OHT into the Arctic from the North Atlantic under both internal variability and CO2 forced climate change, which are important to understand because the Arctic is experiencing particularly rapid climate change. Our results indicate that the mechanisms differ depending on whether the OHT changes occur under CO2 forcing or internal variability. We also find that an increase in OHT into the Arctic can occur despite a decrease in the strength of AMOC un- der global warming. Chapter 2 considers the entire North Atlantic, and aims to determine the mechanisms driving low-frequency OHT variability using a novel method that isolates a mode of low-frequency variability without any explicit low-pass filtering of the data. Here our results suggest that in global climate models, North Atlantic OHT and AMOC are driven primarily by changes in water-mass transformation in the Labrador Sea regardless of which deepwater formation regions dominate the climatological water-mass transformation and AMOC. In Chapter 3, we investigate how these mechanisms differ in higher resolution models. Chapter 3 Part I focuses on determining how well the time-mean AMOC and high-latitude water-mass transformation are represented in a high-resolution coupled model compared to an equivalent low-resolution version. We find that a high-resolution coupled model reproduces the water-mass transformation found in an atmospheric reanalysis-forced ocean simulation fairly effectively, especially compared to a low-resolution version. Chapter 3 Part II applies a similar analysis to what is used in Chapter 2 to a high-resolution model to see whether the same mechanisms of OHT variability found in low-resolution models hold true. Here we find that, although the Labrador Sea plays a much smaller role in climatological water-mass transformation and AMOC in the high-resolution model compared to the low-resolution version, it still appears to play a major role in the WMT and AMOC variability at decadal and longer timescales. This work as a whole contributes to providing a better understanding of North Atlantic ocean variability, how it differs between models with differing climatologies and resolutions, and how it is linked to Arctic changes.
Author : Walter O. Wunderlich
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book Heat and Mass Transfer Between a Water Surface and the Atmosphere written by Walter O. Wunderlich and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
