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On The International Use Of Currencies
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Book Synopsis How Global Currencies Work by : Barry Eichengreen
Download or read book How Global Currencies Work written by Barry Eichengreen and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-26 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A powerful new understanding of global currency trends, including the rise of the Chinese yuan At first glance, the history of the modern global economy seems to support the long-held view that the currency of the world’s leading power invariably dominates international trade and finance. But in How Global Currencies Work, three noted economists overturn this conventional wisdom. Offering a new history of global finance over the past two centuries and marshaling extensive new data to test current theories of how global currencies work, the authors show that several national monies can share international currency status—and that their importance can change rapidly. They demonstrate how changes in technology and international trade and finance have reshaped the landscape of international currencies so that several international financial standards can coexist. In fact, they show that multiple international and reserve currencies have coexisted in the past—upending the traditional view of the British pound’s dominance before 1945 and the U.S. dollar’s postwar dominance. Looking forward, the book tackles the implications of this new framework for major questions facing the future of the international monetary system, including how increased currency competition might affect global financial stability.
Book Synopsis The Japanese Yen as an International Currency by : Mr.George S. Tavlas
Download or read book The Japanese Yen as an International Currency written by Mr.George S. Tavlas and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1991-01-01 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of the Japanese yen as an international currency is assessed. It is found that the determinants of international-currency use imply some increase for the yen’s use in international finance; however, the implications for the yen’s use in international trade are mixed. It is also shown that, despite Japan’s emergence as the world’s largest net creditor nation, Japan’s capital outflows have not significantly facilitated the yen’s internationalization. Data are presented showing that, although the yen’s use as an international currency has increased, it is still rather modest. Wider use of the yen as a regional currency in Asia has occurred, though a “yen-zone” does not appear to be emerging.
Book Synopsis On the International Use of Currencies by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book On the International Use of Currencies written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper assesses the role of the deutsche mark as a key international currency. It first investigates the theoretical basis underlying the international use of a currency. Theoretical considerations indicate that several factors relating to the issuing country—including inflation performance, openness of financial markets, and trade patterns—combine to propagate the international use of its currency. The paper then discusses these factors as they relate to the deutsche mark and identifies trends in several of these determinants of international currency use that presage an expanding role for the mark. Finally, data are presented on the extent of the internalization of the deutsche mark during the 1980s which corroborate the theoretical findings.
Book Synopsis Money in International Exchange by : Ronald I. McKinnon
Download or read book Money in International Exchange written by Ronald I. McKinnon and published by New York : Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1979 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do nations trade when no purely international money exists? This book describes how the use of national currencies, only some of which have the important international property of being convertible, allows most of world trade to be effectively monetized rather than bartered. Professor McKinnon's analysis represents the first attempt to focus on the microeconomic and monetary aspects of international exchange, and addresses unresolved problems in securing mutual monetary adjustment among the world's great trading economies.
Book Synopsis Exorbitant Privilege by : Barry Eichengreen
Download or read book Exorbitant Privilege written by Barry Eichengreen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-07 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is, as a critic of U.S.
Book Synopsis Why Do Different Countries Use Different Currencies? by : Mr.Thomas Krueger
Download or read book Why Do Different Countries Use Different Currencies? written by Mr.Thomas Krueger and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-02-01 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During long periods of history, countries have pegged their currencies to an international standard (such as gold or the U.S. dollar), severely restricting their ability to create money and affect output, prices, or government revenue. Nevertheless, countries generally have maintained their own currencies. The paper presents a model where agents have heterogeneous preferences—that are private information—over goods of different national origin. In this environment, it may be optimal for countries to have different currencies; we also identify conditions where separate national currencies do not expand the set of optimal allocations. Implications for a currency union in Europe are discussed.
Book Synopsis International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity by : International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Download or read book International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity written by International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-01-07 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This update of the guidelines published in 2001 sets forth the underlying framework for the Reserves Data Template and provides operational advice for its use. The updated version also includes three new appendices aimed at assisting member countries in reporting the required data.
Book Synopsis Dominant Currency Paradigm: A New Model for Small Open Economies by : Camila Casas
Download or read book Dominant Currency Paradigm: A New Model for Small Open Economies written by Camila Casas and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most trade is invoiced in very few currencies. Despite this, the Mundell-Fleming benchmark and its variants focus on pricing in the producer’s currency or in local currency. We model instead a ‘dominant currency paradigm’ for small open economies characterized by three features: pricing in a dominant currency; pricing complementarities, and imported input use in production. Under this paradigm: (a) the terms-of-trade is stable; (b) dominant currency exchange rate pass-through into export and import prices is high regardless of destination or origin of goods; (c) exchange rate pass-through of non-dominant currencies is small; (d) expenditure switching occurs mostly via imports, driven by the dollar exchange rate while exports respond weakly, if at all; (e) strengthening of the dominant currency relative to non-dominant ones can negatively impact global trade; (f) optimal monetary policy targets deviations from the law of one price arising from dominant currency fluctuations, in addition to the inflation and output gap. Using data from Colombia we document strong support for the dominant currency paradigm.
Book Synopsis Measures to Limit the offshore Use of Currencies by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Measures to Limit the offshore Use of Currencies written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2001-04-01 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several Asian emerging market economies have recently adopted measures to limit the offshore trading of their currencies. This paper provides a general overview of such measures and evaluates the experiences of selected countries that resorted to such measures. It concludes that the measures could be effective if they were comprehensive and effectively enforced, and were accompanied by consistent macroeconomic policies and structural reforms. Such measures, however, could adversely affect investor confidence, financial market development, and nonspeculative economic and financial activities, and impose administrative burden on all parties involved.
Book Synopsis On the Welfare Benefits of an International Currency by : Prakash Kannan
Download or read book On the Welfare Benefits of an International Currency written by Prakash Kannan and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2007-03 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is it beneficial for a country's currency to be used internationally? And, if so, can we quantify the benefit? Since the emergence of the euro, there has been great interest in the consequences of a transfer of the US dollar's premier international role to the euro. Building on recent advancements in the literature on search models of money, this paper presents a novel model-based approach towards assessing the welfare benefits associated with the international use of a country's currency. The welfare gain for the Euro area in having the euro internationally used ranges from 1.7% to 2.1% of consumption.
Book Synopsis The Euro at Ten: The Next Global Currency by :
Download or read book The Euro at Ten: The Next Global Currency written by and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 2009 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Global Currency Power of the US Dollar by : Anthony Elson
Download or read book The Global Currency Power of the US Dollar written by Anthony Elson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains how the US dollar serves as the primary reserve currency for the international financial system and assesses its prospects for the future. The book provides an analysis of the main factors that have given rise to the global currency power of the dollar and the key benefits that have accrued to both the United States and other countries from this arrangement. It then considers the growing costs that can be associated with the dollar-centered reserve system and the prospects for the medium-term in terms of its potential threats to global financial stability. In the light of these considerations, the book examines three alternative currency arrangements that could address some or all of the defects associated with the global currency power of the dollar. These include a shift to a multi-reserve currency system, an enhancement of the IMF’s role as an international lender of last resort and provider of global “safe” assets, and the introduction of central bank digital currencies. "A cogent, persuasive and timely look at the dollar's power." Kirkus Reviews
Book Synopsis Currency Statecraft by : Benjamin J. Cohen
Download or read book Currency Statecraft written by Benjamin J. Cohen and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At any given time, a limited number of national currencies are used as instruments of international commerce, to settle foreign trade transactions or store value for investors and central banks. How countries whose currencies gain international appeal choose to use this status forms their strategy of currency statecraft. In different circumstances, issuing governments may welcome and promote the internationalization of their currency, tolerate it, or actively oppose it. Benjamin J. Cohen offers a provocative explanation of the strategic policy choices at play. In a comprehensive review that ranges from World War II to the present, Cohen convincingly argues that one goal stands out as the primary motivation for currency statecraft: the extent of a country’s geopolitical ambition, or how driven it is to build or sustain a prominent place in the international community. When a currency becomes internationalized, it generally increases the power of the nation that produces it. In the persistent contestation that characterizes global politics, that extra edge can matter greatly, making monetary rivalry an integral component of geopolitics. Today, the major example of monetary rivalry is the emerging confrontation between the US dollar and the Chinese renminbi. Cohen describes how China has vigorously promoted the international standing of its currency in recent years, even at the risk of exacerbating relations with the United States, and explains how the outcome could play a major role in shaping the broader geopolitical engagement between the two superpowers.
Book Synopsis Currency Conflict and Trade Policy by : C. Fred Bergsten
Download or read book Currency Conflict and Trade Policy written by C. Fred Bergsten and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-27 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conflicts over currency valuations are a recurrent feature of the modern global economy. To strengthen their international competitiveness, many countries resort to buying foreign currencies to make their exports cheaper and their imports more expensive. In the first decade of the 21st century, for example, China's currency manipulation practices were so flagrant that they produced a backlash in the United States and other trading partners, prompting threats of retaliation. How damaging is the practice of currency manipulation—and how extensive is the problem? This book by C. Fred Bergsten and Joseph E. Gagnon—two leading experts on trade, investment, and the effects of currency manipulation—traces the history, causes, and effects of currency manipulation and analyzes a range of policy responses that the United States could adopt. The book is an indispensable guide to a complex and serious problem and what might be done to solve it.
Book Synopsis Nation-States and Money by : Emily Gilbert
Download or read book Nation-States and Money written by Emily Gilbert and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1999-11-18 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: National currencies appear to be threatened from all sides. European Union member countries are due to abandon their national currencies in favour of a supranational currency by the year 2000. Elsewhere, the use of foreign currencies within national economic spaces is on the increase, as shown by the growth of eurocurrency activity, and currency su
Book Synopsis Cash Use Across Countries and the Demand for Central Bank Digital Currency by : Mr.Tanai Khiaonarong
Download or read book Cash Use Across Countries and the Demand for Central Bank Digital Currency written by Mr.Tanai Khiaonarong and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-03-01 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The level and trend in cash use in a country will influence the demand for central bank digital currency (CBDC). While access to digital currency will be more convenient than traveling to an ATM, it only makes CBDC like a bank debit card—not better. Demand for digital currency will thus be weak in countries where cash use is already very low, due to a preference for cash substitutes (cards, electronic money, mobile phone payments). Where cash use is very high, demand should be stronger, due to a lack of cash substitutes. As the demand for CBDC is tied to the current level of cash use, we estimate the level and trend in cash use for 11 countries using four different measures. A tentative forecast of cash use is also made. After showing that declining cash use is largely associated with demographic change, we tie the level of cash use to the likely demand for CBDC in different countries. In this process, we suggest that one measure of cash use is more useful than the others. If cash is important for monetary policy, payment instrument competition, or as an alternative payment instrument in the event of operational problems with privately supplied payment methods, the introduction of CBDC may best be introduced before cash substitutes become so ubiquitous that the viability of CBDC could be in doubt.
Book Synopsis Currencies After the Crash: The Uncertain Future of the Global Paper-Based Currency System by : Sara Eisen
Download or read book Currencies After the Crash: The Uncertain Future of the Global Paper-Based Currency System written by Sara Eisen and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2012-10-26 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the brightest minds in the field—a revealing look at how countries use their currencies to achieve prosperity . . . and the coming repercussions Bloomberg Television's Sara Eisen sheds light on the complex global financial system through this illuminating collection of essays. She hand selected the crème de la crème of authors from the world's most prestigious academic institutions and esteemed professional organizations to share—for the first time in print—their observations and deductions on the topics that matter most to you and your future wealth, including: • THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CURRENCIES AND FINANCIAL CRISES • THE FLAWS WITHIN THE INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE RATE SYSTEM AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES • HOW EMERGING MARKETS FIT INTO THE CURRENT AND FUTURE EXCHANGE RATE FRAMEWORK • THE IMPACT EXCHANGE RATES HAVE ON FREE TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH • WHAT DEFINES A "SAFE HAVEN" CURRENCY AND ITS ROLE • POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS TO THE CURRENT ECONOMIC PROBLEMS "Today's fiat currency system is based upon trust among market participants, politicians, and central bankers--and that trust is assembled around the reserve currency that enjoys an exorbitant privilege. The reserve status is in doubt in a post financial crisis era but alternatives are lacking. . . . This book is a great guide on how the global currency system is morphing into apotential new standard, but not without the necessary volatility."—Ben Emons, Senior Vice President, Portfolio Manager, PIMCO
