Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
On Calculating The Factor Of Chance In Language Comparison
Download On Calculating The Factor Of Chance In Language Comparison full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online On Calculating The Factor Of Chance In Language Comparison ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis On Calculating the Factor of Chance in Language Comparison by : Donald Ringe
Download or read book On Calculating the Factor of Chance in Language Comparison written by Donald Ringe and published by American Philosophical Society. This book was released on 2007-12 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While all human languages are likely to be genetically related, the remoter relationships cannot be demonstrated by reliable linguistic methods because the languages in question have diverged too much. Any demonstration of a relationship between languages depends on finding words & grammatical affixes of systematically similar shape & roughly equivalent meaning in the languages in question. This book addresses the practical aspects of the problem of chance resemblances; only elementary probability theory is needed to address the problem. The author discusses strictly limited, tightly controlled types of similarity between words, because those are easiest to understand & analyze; then he discusses more complex cases. Illustrations.
Book Synopsis Genetic Linguistics by : Joseph Greenberg
Download or read book Genetic Linguistics written by Joseph Greenberg and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2005-03-17 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects Joseph Greenberg's most important writings on the genetic classification of the world's languages. William Croft sets the work in context and considers its impact and the bitter controversy it excited.
Book Synopsis Dictionary of Historical and Comparative Linguistics by : Trask R. L. Trask
Download or read book Dictionary of Historical and Comparative Linguistics written by Trask R. L. Trask and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-08 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historical and comparative linguistics has been a major scholarly discipline for 200 years, and yet this is the first dictionary ever devoted to it. With nearly 2400 entries, this dictionary covers every aspect of the subject, from the most venerable work to the exciting advances of the last few years, many of which have not even made it into textbooks yet.All of the traditional terms are here, but so are the terms only introduced recently, in connection with such varied subjects as pidgin and creole languages, the sociolinguistic study of language change, mathematical and computational methods, the novel approaches to linguistic geography, the controversial proposals of new and vast language families, and the attempts at relating the results of the historical linguists to those of the archaeologists, the anthropologists and the geneticists.More than just a dictionary, this book provides genuine linguistic examples of most of the terms entered, detailed explanations of fundamental concepts, critical assessment of controversial ideas, cross-references to related terms, and an abundance of references to the original literature.Features:*The first dictionary in the field.*Comprehensive coverage.*Clearly written and accurate entries.*Covers traditional and contemporary terminology.*Provides linguistic examples of terms defined.*Supplies numerous cross-references to related terms.*Includes hundreds of references to the original literature.
Book Synopsis Historical Linguistics and the Comparative Study of African Languages by : Gerrit Jan Dimmendaal
Download or read book Historical Linguistics and the Comparative Study of African Languages written by Gerrit Jan Dimmendaal and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This advanced historical linguistics course book deals with the historical and comparative study of African languages. The first part functions as an elementary introduction to the comparative method, involving the establishment of lexical and grammatical cognates, the reconstruction of their historical development, techniques for the subclassification of related languages, and the use of language-internal evidence, more specifically the application of internal reconstruction. Part II addresses language contact phenomena and the status of language in a wider, cultural-historical and ecological context. Part III deals with the relationship between comparative linguistics and other disciplines. In this rich course book, the author presents valuable views on a number of issues in the comparative study of African languages, more specifically concerning genetic diversity on the African continent, the status of pidginised and creolised languages, language mixing, and grammaticalisation.
Book Synopsis The Comparative Method Reviewed by : Mark Durie
Download or read book The Comparative Method Reviewed written by Mark Durie and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1996-05-16 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historical reconstruction of languages relies on the comparative method, which itself depends on the notion of the regularity of change. The regularity of sound change is the famous Neogrammarian Hypothesis: "sound change takes place according to laws that admit no exception." The comparative method, however, is not restricted to the consideration of sound change, and neither is the assumption of regularity. Syntactic, morphological, and semantic change are all amenable in varying degrees, to comparative reconstruction, and each type of change is constrained in ways that enable the researcher to distinguish between regular and more irregular changes. This volume draws together studies by scholars engaged in historical reconstruction, all focussing on the subject of regularity and irregularity in the comparative method. A wide range of languages are represented, including Chinese, Germanic, and Austronesian.
Book Synopsis Language History, Language Change, and Language Relationship by : Hans Henrich Hock
Download or read book Language History, Language Change, and Language Relationship written by Hans Henrich Hock and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-09-02 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why does language change? Why can we speak to and understand our parents but have trouble reading Shakespeare? Why is Chaucer's English of the fourteenth century so different from Modern English of the late twentieth century that the two are essentially different languages? Why are Americans and English 'one people divided by a common language'? And how can the language of Chaucer and Modern English - or Modern British and American English - still be called the same language? The present book provides answers to questions like these in a straightforward way, aimed at the non-specialist, with ample illustrations from both familiar and more exotic languages. Most chapters in this new edition have been reworked, with some difficult passages removed, other passages thoroughly rewritten, and several new sections added, e.g. on the regularity of sound change and its importance for general historical-comparative linguistics. Further, the chapter notes and bibliography have all been updated. The content is engaging, focusing on topics and issues that spark student interest. Its goals are broadly pedagogical and the level and presentation are appropriate for interested beginners with little or no background in linguistics. The language coverage for examples goes well beyond what is usual for books of this kind, with a considerable amount of data from various languages of India.
Book Synopsis Archaeology and Language I by : Roger Blench
Download or read book Archaeology and Language I written by Roger Blench and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Archaeology and Language I represents groundbreaking work in synthesizing two disciplines that are now seen as interlinked: linguistics and archaeology. This volume is the first of a three-part survey of innovative results emerging from their combination. Archaeology and historical linguistics have largely pursued separate tracks until recently, although their goals can be very similar. While there is a new awareness that these disciplines can be used to complement one another, both rigorous methodological awareness and detailed case-studies are still lacking in literature. Archaeology and Language I aims to fill this lacuna. Exploring a wide range of techniques developed by specialists in each discipline, this first volume deals with broad theoretical and methodological issues and provides an indispensable background to the detail of the studies presented in volumes II and III. This collection deals with the controversial question of the origin of language, the validity of deep-level reconstruction, the sociolinguistic modelling of prehistory and the use and value of oral tradition.
Download or read book Nostratic written by Joseph C. Salmons and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1998-09-15 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The “Nostratic” hypothesis — positing a common linguistic ancestor for a wide range of language families including Indo-European, Uralic, and Afro-Asiatic — has produced one of the most enduring and often intense controversies in linguistics. Overwhelmingly, though, both supporters of the hypothesis and those who reject it have not dealt directly with one another’s arguments. This volume brings together selected representatives of both sides, as well as a number of agnostic historical linguists, with the aim of examining the evidence for this particular hypothesis in the context of distant genetic relationships generally. The volume contains discussion of variants of the Nostratic hypothesis (A. Bomhard; J. Greenberg; A. Manaster-Ramer, K. Baertsch, K. Adams, & P. Michalove), the mathematics of chance in determining the relationships posited for Nostratic (R. Oswalt; D. Ringe), and the evidence from particular branches posited in Nostratic (L. Campbell; C. Hodge; A. Vovin), with responses and additional discussion by E. Hamp, B. Vine, W. Baxter and B. Comrie.
Book Synopsis Trask's Historical Linguistics by : Robert McColl Millar
Download or read book Trask's Historical Linguistics written by Robert McColl Millar and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-05-18 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trask’s Historical Linguistics provides an accessible introduction to historical linguistics – the study of language change over time. This engaging book is illustrated with language examples from all six continents, and covers the fundamental concepts of language change, methods for historical linguistics, linguistic reconstruction, sociolinguistic aspects of language change, language contact, the birth and death of languages, language and prehistory, and the issue of very remote relations. The fourth edition of this renowned textbook is fully revised and updated and covers the most recent developments in historical linguistics, including: A thorough reworking of sections on morphological and syntactic change, incorporating progress in areas such as grammaticalization and the discussion of the Indo-European ‘homeland’ Discussion and analysis of ‘folk’ historical linguistics and its connection with some of the more eccentric views of professional linguists An expanded discussion of language contact, historical sociolinguistics, and language planning, including a discussion of contemporary competing views on the genesis and nature of creoles, and their importance in our understanding of radical linguistic change Updated support material including suggestions for essay questions and a larger number of supporting examples of the phenomena described in the book Trask’s Historical Linguistics is essential reading for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of historical linguistics as well as any student looking for a grounded introduction to the English language.
Book Synopsis The Handbook of Historical Linguistics, Volume II by : Richard D. Janda
Download or read book The Handbook of Historical Linguistics, Volume II written by Richard D. Janda and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An entirely new follow-up volume providing a detailed account of numerous additional issues, methods, and results that characterize current work in historical linguistics. This brand-new, second volume of The Handbook of Historical Linguistics is a complement to the well-established first volume first published in 2003. It includes extended content allowing uniquely comprehensive coverage of the study of language(s) over time. Though it adds fresh perspectives on several topics previously treated in the first volume, this Handbook focuses on extensions of diachronic linguistics beyond those key issues. This Handbook provides readers with studies of language change whose perspectives range from comparisons of large open vs. small closed corpora, via creolistics and linguistic contact in general, to obsolescence and endangerment of languages. Written by leading scholars in their respective fields, new chapters are offered on matters such as the origin of language, evidence from language for reconstructing human prehistory, invocations of language present in studies of language past, benefits of linguistic fieldwork for historical investigation, ways in which not only biological evolution but also field biology can serve as heuristics for research into the rise and spread of linguistic innovations, and more. Moreover, it: offers novel and broadened content complementing the earlier volume so as to provide the fullest available overview of a wholly engrossing field includes 23 all-new contributed chapters, treating some familiar themes from fresh perspectives but mostly covering entirely new topics features expanded discussion of material from language families other than Indo-European provides a multiplicity of views from numerous specialists in linguistic diachrony. The Handbook of Historical Linguistics, Volume II is an ideal book for undergraduate and graduate students in linguistics, researchers and professional linguists, as well as all those interested in the history of particular languages and the history of language more generally.
Book Synopsis Language History by : Andrew L. Sihler
Download or read book Language History written by Andrew L. Sihler and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classroom-tested volume aspires to be a brief but technically and factually accurate exposition of linguistic description and history. Whether studied as prime subject or as background information, it should help students understand the assumptions and reasoning that underlie the contents of their handbooks and etymological dictionaries.This book should be a useful guide for anyone unfamiliar with (historical) linguistics who is studying the history of a language, and also for those who are enrolled in courses devoted to reading texts in old languages.
Book Synopsis The Syllable in Speech Production by : Barbara L. Davis
Download or read book The Syllable in Speech Production written by Barbara L. Davis and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2010-10-18 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a testament to the scope of Peter MacNeilage’s scholarly work across his 40 year career, contributions to this tribute volume represent a broad spectrum of the seminal issues addressed by phonetic and evolutionary science over a number of years. Approaches to the problems raised by attempting to understand these fundamental topics are illustrated in the broad diversity of paradigms represented in the volume. This diversity in itself is a tribute to the breadth of scholarly questions pursued by MacNeilage across his career. Chapters are arranged around five thematic areas. Two themes, Evolutionary Perspectives on Speech Production and Acquisition of Speech, reflect the major thrust of Peter’s scholarly career over the past 25 years. The other themes are reflective of the broad implications of MacNeilage’s work for scholars in disparate scientific domains. One of the strengths of this volume is the unitary focus of contributions by scientists from diverse scientific backgrounds in considering the applicability of the Frame Content Theory within their own scholarly perspectives. Thematic strands in the volume include: - Evolutionary Perspectives on Speech Production - Neurobiological Aspects of Speech - Perception / Action Relationships - Acquisition of Speech Production Skill - Modeling and Movement - Alternative Perspectives on the Syllable.
Book Synopsis Quantitative Approaches to Linguistic Diversity by : Søren Wichmann
Download or read book Quantitative Approaches to Linguistic Diversity written by Søren Wichmann and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative methods in linguistics, which the protean American structuralist linguist Morris Swadesh introduced in the 1950s, have become increasingly popular and have opened the world of languages to interdisciplinary approaches. The papers collected here are the work not only of descriptive and historical linguists, but also statisticians, physicists and computer scientists. They demonstrate the application of quantitative methods to the elucidation of linguistic prehistory on an unprecedented world-wide scale, providing cutting-edge insights into issues of the linguistic correlates of subsistence strategies, rates of birth and extinction of languages, lexical borrowability, the identification of language family homelands, the assessment of genealogical relationships, and the development of new phylogenetic methods appropriate for linguistic data. Originally published in Diachronica 27:2 (2010).
Book Synopsis Burning Issues in Afro-Asiatic Linguistics by : Ghil‘ad Zuckermann
Download or read book Burning Issues in Afro-Asiatic Linguistics written by Ghil‘ad Zuckermann and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-24 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This refereed volume is a collection of selected scholarly articles resulting from research conducted for the first international Australian Workshop on Afro-Asiatic Linguistics (AWAAL), held on 11–13 September 2009 at the State Library of Queensland, Cultural Centre, Stanley Place, South Bank, Brisbane; as well as at the Great Court, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane. The University of Queensland has been home to scholars and linguists such as Georges Perec, Eric Partridge and Rodney Huddleston. World-class papers were delivered by established academics and promising postdoctoral fellows and doctoral students from all over the globe, including Australia, Cameroon, Canada, Eritrea, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Poland, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom and United States. They all analysed languages and cultures belonging to the Afro-Asiatic family, e.g. Egyptian, Berber, Cushitic, Omotic, Chadic and Semitic.
Book Synopsis Probabilistic Linguistics by : Rens Bod
Download or read book Probabilistic Linguistics written by Rens Bod and published by A Bradford Book. This book was released on 2003-04-08 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past forty years, linguistics has been dominated by the idea that language is categorical and linguistic competence discrete. It has become increasingly clear, however, that many levels of representation, from phonemes to sentence structure, show probabilistic properties, as does the language faculty. Probabilistic linguistics conceptualizes categories as distributions and views knowledge of language not as a minimal set of categorical constraints but as a set of gradient rules that may be characterized by a statistical distribution. Whereas categorical approaches focus on the endpoints of distributions of linguistic phenomena, probabilistic approaches focus on the gradient middle ground. Probabilistic linguistics integrates all the progress made by linguistics thus far with a probabilistic perspective. This book presents a comprehensive introduction to probabilistic approaches to linguistic inquiry. It covers the application of probabilistic techniques to phonology, morphology, semantics, syntax, language acquisition, psycholinguistics, historical linguistics, and sociolinguistics. It also includes a tutorial on elementary probability theory and probabilistic grammars.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics by :
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-11-24 with total page 26924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of ELL (1993, Ron Asher, Editor) was hailed as "the field's standard reference work for a generation". Now the all-new second edition matches ELL's comprehensiveness and high quality, expanded for a new generation, while being the first encyclopedia to really exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics. * The most authoritative, up-to-date, comprehensive, and international reference source in its field * An entirely new work, with new editors, new authors, new topics and newly commissioned articles with a handful of classic articles * The first Encyclopedia to exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics through the online edition * Ground-breaking and International in scope and approach * Alphabetically arranged with extensive cross-referencing * Available in print and online, priced separately. The online version will include updates as subjects develop ELL2 includes: * c. 7,500,000 words * c. 11,000 pages * c. 3,000 articles * c. 1,500 figures: 130 halftones and 150 colour * Supplementary audio, video and text files online * c. 3,500 glossary definitions * c. 39,000 references * Extensive list of commonly used abbreviations * List of languages of the world (including information on no. of speakers, language family, etc.) * Approximately 700 biographical entries (now includes contemporary linguists) * 200 language maps in print and online Also available online via ScienceDirect – featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. The first Encyclopedia to exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics Ground-breaking in scope - wider than any predecessor An invaluable resource for researchers, academics, students and professionals in the fields of: linguistics, anthropology, education, psychology, language acquisition, language pathology, cognitive science, sociology, the law, the media, medicine & computer science. The most authoritative, up-to-date, comprehensive, and international reference source in its field
Book Synopsis Is Japanese Related to Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic? by : Martine Irma Robbeets
Download or read book Is Japanese Related to Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic? written by Martine Irma Robbeets and published by Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. This book was released on 2005 with total page 980 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Where does Japanese come from? The linguistic origin of the Japanese language is among the most disputed questions of language history. One current hypothesis is that Japanese is an Altaic language, sharing a common ancestor with Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic. But, the opinions are strongly polarized. Especially the inclusion of Japanese into this classification model is very much under debate. Given the lack of consensus in the field, this book presents a state of the art for the etymological evidence relating Japanese to Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic. The different Altaic etymologies proposed in the scholarly literature are gathered in an etymological index of Japanese appended to this book. An item-by-item sifting of the evidence helps to hold down borrowings, universal similarities and coincidental look-alikes to a small percentage. When the remaining core-evidence is screened in terms of phonological regularity, the answer to the intriguing question is beginning to take shape.
