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Oceanographic And Vegetation Changes Across The Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum In Nw Europe And The Arctic
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Book Synopsis Oceanographic and Vegetation Changes Across the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum in NW Europe and the Arctic by : E. Mariani
Download or read book Oceanographic and Vegetation Changes Across the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum in NW Europe and the Arctic written by E. Mariani and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Circum-Arctic Structural Events by : Karsten Piepjohn
Download or read book Circum-Arctic Structural Events written by Karsten Piepjohn and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2019-05-23 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "To recognize the 25th anniversary of the Circum-Arctic Structural Events program, an effort organized by the Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, this volume presents results from 18 major field expeditions involving 100+ geoscientists from a spectrum of disciplines. The volume focuses on the Proterozoic to Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the circum-Arctic region with correlations to adjacent orogens"--
Book Synopsis Evaluating Thresholds in Fluvial Response to the Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 in the Bighorn Basin (Wyoming, U.S.A) by : Grace Marie Sutherland
Download or read book Evaluating Thresholds in Fluvial Response to the Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 in the Bighorn Basin (Wyoming, U.S.A) written by Grace Marie Sutherland and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earth's climate experienced a set of hyperthermal events during the greenhouse climate state of the early Paleogene. The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) was the largest of these abrupt global warming events, occurring at ~56 Ma and lasting for ~200,000 years. The PETM is identifiable by a large negative carbon isotope excursion and associated with significant changes in global temperature, hydrology, ocean chemistry, and biology. Subsequent smaller hyperthermal events appear to have commensurately smaller effects on marine environments, but the scaling of the complementary nonmarine environmental responses is unclear. The Bighorn Basin of northwest Wyoming contains the most detailed nonmarine record of the PETM, and recent work has identified a significant perturbation of fluvial deposition associated with it. The PETM generated a thick and laterally extensive sandbody likely due to enhanced channel mobility potentially mediated by higher sediment flux related to an increase in rainfall variability. This study compares and contrasts fluvial deposition spanning a younger hyperthermal event at ~53 Ma, the ETM2 event, which was approximately 50,000 years in duration and displays a carbon isotope excursion with half the magnitude of the PETM. Herein I present sandbody geometries, lithofacies patterns, flow depths, and paleocurrent patterns spanning the ETM2 for comparison to PETM-induced fluvial changes. I find channel-fills are dominated by fining upward sequences of trough crossbedding and ripple cross lamination and abundant bar clinoform deposition. Sandbodies are typically single-storied and 3 meters in thickness. Notably, there are no significant changes in fluvial deposition across the ETM2. Several hypotheses may explain this observation: (1) there were no major hydrologic changes associated with the ETM2; (2) there were no major changes in vegetation associated with the ETM2; and/or (3) environmental perturbations were insufficient to overcome the internal autogenic thresholds of the river systems. These three hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, and each is evaluated in the context of existing datasets.
Book Synopsis The Vegetation of Antarctica through Geological Time by : David J. Cantrill
Download or read book The Vegetation of Antarctica through Geological Time written by David J. Cantrill and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-22 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fossil history of plant life in Antarctica is central to our understanding of the evolution of vegetation through geological time and also plays a key role in reconstructing past configurations of the continents and associated climatic conditions. This book provides the only detailed overview of the development of Antarctic vegetation from the Devonian period to the present day, presenting Earth scientists with valuable insights into the break up of the ancient supercontinent of Gondwana. Details of specific floras and ecosystems are provided within the context of changing geological, geographical and environmental conditions, alongside comparisons with contemporaneous and modern ecosystems. The authors demonstrate how palaeobotany contributes to our understanding of the paleoenvironmental changes in the southern hemisphere during this period of Earth history. The book is a complete and up-to-date reference for researchers and students in Antarctic paleobotany and terrestrial paleoecology.
Book Synopsis Causes and Consequences of Globally Warm Climates in the Early Paleogene by : Scott L. Wing
Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Globally Warm Climates in the Early Paleogene written by Scott L. Wing and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum by : Eric Petermann
Download or read book The Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum written by Eric Petermann and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2009-12-10 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Geology, Mineralogy, Soil Science, grade: 1,3, University of Leipzig (Institut für Geophysik und Geologie), course: M.Sc. Modul Paläoklimatologie, language: English, abstract: At the Paleocene/Eocene boundary (55 Ma BP) a general global warming trend was overruled by an outstanding 4-6 °C (Dickens et al. 1997; Zachos et al. 2001) short-term warming event. This information is derived from a -2 to -3‰ negative δ 18O excursion accompanied by an -2.5 ‰ δ13C excursion (Fig.1). Both isotope excursions occur simultaneously and reach their minimal values very rapidly within less than 10 ka. They return to initial values after ~200 ka. PETM climate conditions resulted in extinction of archaic mammals while modern mammalian ancestors have appeared as well as in extinction or temporal disappearance of many deep-sea species (Dickens et al. 1997). δ 18O values of benthic foraminifera of all oceans and planktic foraminifera at high-latitude locations are marked by a sharp decrease (Fig.1) indicating a striking global temperature increase of the deep-sea and high-latitude surface water temperatures (Dickens et al. 1997). A simultaneous negative δ13C excursion is documented in marine as well as in terrestrial environments all over the world. The carbon isotope excursion is attributed to the release of massive quantities of biogenic methane (δ13C = -60‰) adding large amounts of 12C to the inorganic carbon reservoir. Mass balance calculations suggest a transfer of 1400 to 2800 Gt (Dickens et al.1997) respectively 1500 to 2200 Gt (Katz et al. 2001) of CH4 to the ocean/atmosphere system to explain the negative carbon isotope excursion.
Book Synopsis Polar Environments and Global Change by : Roger G. Barry
Download or read book Polar Environments and Global Change written by Roger G. Barry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveys atmospheric, oceanic and cryospheric processes, present and past conditions, and changes in polar environments.
Book Synopsis Paleoenvironmental Changes Associated with the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, Millville (ODP Leg 174AX), New Jersey Coastal Plain by : Maria Makarova
Download or read book Paleoenvironmental Changes Associated with the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, Millville (ODP Leg 174AX), New Jersey Coastal Plain written by Maria Makarova and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Arctic in the Anthropocene by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Arctic in the Anthropocene written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-07-31 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once ice-bound, difficult to access, and largely ignored by the rest of the world, the Arctic is now front and center in the midst of many important questions facing the world today. Our daily weather, what we eat, and coastal flooding are all interconnected with the future of the Arctic. The year 2012 was an astounding year for Arctic change. The summer sea ice volume smashed previous records, losing approximately 75 percent of its value since 1980 and half of its areal coverage. Multiple records were also broken when 97 percent of Greenland's surface experienced melt conditions in 2012, the largest melt extent in the satellite era. Receding ice caps in Arctic Canada are now exposing land surfaces that have been continuously ice covered for more than 40,000 years. What happens in the Arctic has far-reaching implications around the world. Loss of snow and ice exacerbates climate change and is the largest contributor to expected global sea level rise during the next century. Ten percent of the world's fish catches comes from Arctic and sub-Arctic waters. The U.S. Geological Survey estimated that up to 13 percent of the world's remaining oil reserves are in the Arctic. The geologic history of the Arctic may hold vital clues about massive volcanic eruptions and the consequent release of massive amount of coal fly ash that is thought to have caused mass extinctions in the distant past. How will these changes affect the rest of Earth? What research should we invest in to best understand this previously hidden land, manage impacts of change on Arctic communities, and cooperate with researchers from other nations? The Arctic in the Anthropocene reviews research questions previously identified by Arctic researchers, and then highlights the new questions that have emerged in the wake of and expectation of further rapid Arctic change, as well as new capabilities to address them. This report is meant to guide future directions in U.S. Arctic research so that research is targeted on critical scientific and societal questions and conducted as effectively as possible. The Arctic in the Anthropocene identifies both a disciplinary and a cross-cutting research strategy for the next 10 to 20 years, and evaluates infrastructure needs and collaboration opportunities. The climate, biology, and society in the Arctic are changing in rapid, complex, and interactive ways. Understanding the Arctic system has never been more critical; thus, Arctic research has never been more important. This report will be a resource for institutions, funders, policy makers, and students. Written in an engaging style, The Arctic in the Anthropocene paints a picture of one of the last unknown places on this planet, and communicates the excitement and importance of the discoveries and challenges that lie ahead.
Book Synopsis The Environmental Impact of the Paleocene-eocene Thermal Maximum on the Coastal Ocean by : Thomas G. Quattlebaum (Jr.)
Download or read book The Environmental Impact of the Paleocene-eocene Thermal Maximum on the Coastal Ocean written by Thomas G. Quattlebaum (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: Feedbacks Between Climate Change and Biogeochemical Cycles by : Arne Max Erich Winguth
Download or read book The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: Feedbacks Between Climate Change and Biogeochemical Cycles written by Arne Max Erich Winguth and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Deep-time Perspectives on Climate Change by : Mark Williams
Download or read book Deep-time Perspectives on Climate Change written by Mark Williams and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2007 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Vegetative and Lithologic Response to the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum in the Hanna Basin, Wyoming by : Keifer Emily Nace
Download or read book Vegetative and Lithologic Response to the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum in the Hanna Basin, Wyoming written by Keifer Emily Nace and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), a rapid global warming event ~56 million years ago, caused by a large release of isotopically-light carbon into earth's atmosphere and oceans, provides geologic parallels to anthropogenic climate change. This study focuses on vegetation changes within channel and overbank depositional sequences before, during, and after the PETM in the Hanna Basin, southeastern Wyoming, U.S.A. At each site, lithological descriptions were made, bulk carbon isotope samples were evaluated, and vegetation structure was assessed using reconstructed Leaf Area Index (rLAI) measurements. Our results indicate a meandering channel and closed canopy environment before the PETM, and a swampy, densely forested environment after the PETM. During the PETM, warmer temperatures and drier conditions decreased vegetation structure, causing a shift to braided fluvial systems. Our data demonstrates that the PETM had a significant impact on terrestrial landscapes.
Book Synopsis The Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum in the Southern Indian Ocean by : Laura Jean Mitchell
Download or read book The Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum in the Southern Indian Ocean written by Laura Jean Mitchell and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Understanding Earth's Deep Past by : National Research Council
Download or read book Understanding Earth's Deep Past written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-08-02 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is little dispute within the scientific community that humans are changing Earth's climate on a decadal to century time-scale. By the end of this century, without a reduction in emissions, atmospheric CO2 is projected to increase to levels that Earth has not experienced for more than 30 million years. As greenhouse gas emissions propel Earth toward a warmer climate state, an improved understanding of climate dynamics in warm environments is needed to inform public policy decisions. In Understanding Earth's Deep Past, the National Research Council reports that rocks and sediments that are millions of years old hold clues to how the Earth's future climate would respond in an environment with high levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases. Understanding Earth's Deep Past provides an assessment of both the demonstrated and underdeveloped potential of the deep-time geologic record to inform us about the dynamics of the global climate system. The report describes past climate changes, and discusses potential impacts of high levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases on regional climates, water resources, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and the cycling of life-sustaining elements. While revealing gaps in scientific knowledge of past climate states, the report highlights a range of high priority research issues with potential for major advances in the scientific understanding of climate processes. This proposed integrated, deep-time climate research program would study how climate responded over Earth's different climate states, examine how climate responds to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, and clarify the processes that lead to anomalously warm polar and tropical regions and the impact on marine and terrestrial life. In addition to outlining a research agenda, Understanding Earth's Deep Past proposes an implementation strategy that will be an invaluable resource to decision-makers in the field, as well as the research community, advocacy organizations, government agencies, and college professors and students.
Book Synopsis Environmental Changes on the North American Mid-Atlantic Shelf During the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum by : Edward A. Ballaron
Download or read book Environmental Changes on the North American Mid-Atlantic Shelf During the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum written by Edward A. Ballaron and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Changes on the North American Mid-Atlantic Shelf During the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum Edward A. Ballaron The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), a large hyperthermal during the Cenozoic (& sim;56 Ma) is characterized by a massive injection of depleted carbon into global reservoirs as indicated by a large negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) of 3 & permil;-5 & permil; in marine and terrestrial sedimentary records. Previously studied open ocean (i.e., pelagic) cores have provided evidence for abrupt sea surface warming (5-10 & deg;C) and bottom water warming (4-5 & deg;C) as well as ocean acidification at the onset of the CIE. However, due to low sedimentation rates and truncation of pelagic sections via dissolution at the CIE, pelagic cores appear condensed or incomplete. Sites on the North American mid-Atlantic margin, provide a unique opportunity to examine both marine and terrestrial responses to a large magnitude climatic perturbation. Rapid and abrupt increases in the flux of siliciclastics including kaolinite to the shelf at the onset of the PETM, indicative of an enhanced hydrologic cycle, result in expanded PETM intervals allowing for higher resolution isotopic sampling. Stable isotopic and trace metal data from New Jersey sections (Millville, Ancora, Bass River and Wilson Lake) have also documented rapid warming, coastal ocean acidification and a freshening event at the onset of the CIE in agreement with evidence for an enhanced hydrologic cycle during the PETM. Maryland sections to the south (South Dover Bridge and Cambridge-Dorchester) studied here, are more proximal to the main drainage system in the Salisbury Embayment and therefore should have experienced environmental changes (salinity) to a greater degree than New Jersey sites. Here we present coupled stable isotopic (carbon and oxygen) and trace metal data (Mg/Ca) to constrain both changes in temperature as well as salinity on the Maryland mid-Atlantic shelf during the PETM. Data presented here shows a temperature increase at SDB and Cam-Dor of & sim;4-5 & deg;C for planktonic foraminifera and & sim;5-9 & deg;C for benthic foraminifera with oxygen derived temperatures being consistently larger than Mg/Ca derived temperatures. This indicates some salinity contribution to delta18O, artificially lowering oxygen derived temperatures. This is further supported by salinity calculations which display a freshening event at the onset of the CIE due to increased runoff. Also observed in this data set is a slight weakening in delta13C and delta18O depth gradients on the shelf. Changes in delta18O gradients can perhaps be attributed to greater warming at depth and a destabilization of the thermal stratification of the water column, similar to observations from New Jersey sites Millivlle and Ancora. The breakdown in vertical delta13C gradients was perhaps due to the vertical migration of mixed layer foraminifera taxa seeking refuge from warming surface waters. Another possible explanation for the change in vertical delta13C gradients is a change in upwelling patterns driven by hyperpycnal flow or changes in wind patterns driving coastal upwelling and bringing depleted delta13C to the surface.
Book Synopsis Earth History and Palaeogeography by : Trond H. Torsvik
Download or read book Earth History and Palaeogeography written by Trond H. Torsvik and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a complete Phanerozoic story of palaeogeography, using new and detailed full-colour maps, to link surface and deep-Earth processes.
