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Author : Richard W. James (Ph. D.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Ocean Thermal Structure Forecasting written by Richard W. James (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard W. James
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Ocean Thermal Structure Forecasting written by Richard W. James and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kenneth D. Pollak
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Real-time Enhancement of a Climatology Or Forecast of Ocean Thermal Structure Using Observed Ocean Temperatures written by Kenneth D. Pollak and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vertical temperature profiles observed in the eastern North Pacific were used to examine the feasibility of extrapolating an observation from one location to another. The technique, referred to as simple enhancement, is a special case of the Gandin (1963) optimum interpolation methodology. Application to Navy ASW (Antisubmarine Warfare) operations is considered. The technique requires the use of a trial value and a local observation. Trial values are obtained from a climatology and a synoptic analysis/forecast system provided by the Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center. An enhanced temperature profile is calculated by adding an observed anomaly (i.e., observation minus trial value) to the trial value at the desired location. Calculations of mean and RMS errors indicate that simple enhancement can provide a closer estimate to actual conditions than unenhanced climatology. The mixed layer depth cannot be extrapolated accurately to new locations presumably due to mesoscale eddies, fronts, internal waves and small scale fluctuations at the base of the mixed layer. Experiments at different locations and seasons would be required for a complete assessment of the application to ASW operations. Originator supplied keywords include: Ocean thermal structure; Optimal interpolation; Mixed layer; Ocean analysis; Ocean prediction.
Download or read book Real-time Enhancement of a Climatology Or Forecast of Ocean Thermal Structure Using Observed Ocean Temperatures written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Taivo Laevastu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Classification and Analysis/Forecasting of Near-Surface Ocean Thermal Structure written by Taivo Laevastu and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The near-surface ocean thermal structure (surface to ca 400 m) is classified into nine distinct types. The time and space distribution of these types is briefly discussed. A rational method for analysis/prediction of mixed layer depth (MLD) and near-surface thermal structure, which has produced satisfactorily verifiable results, is described and flow diagrams for it are given.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Upper Ocean Thermal Structure Forecast Evaluation of a Model Using Synoptic Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-dimensional model is used to simulate ocean thermal structure response to synoptic scale atmospheric forcing data at six locations. The atmospheric forcing data (Solar Radiation, Total Heat Flux and Marine Winds) were obtained from Fleet Numerical Weather Central (FNWC) Primitive Equation and Marine Wind Models. Data used to initialize and verify the ocean thermal structure originated from bathythermograph data stored at FNWC. Length of simulation ranged from 72 hours to 36 days and was limited by the length of continuous historical data available for study. Results show the forcing functions contain sufficient resolution to define diurnal and synoptic time scale events. When the model is run using these forcing functions it produces changes in the mixed-layer depth and mixed-layer temperature on the same time scales. The magnitude of these changes ranged typically from diurnal fluctuations of 20 m/day and .3 C during summer conditions to synoptic scale deepening of 50 m and cooling by 2 C in 36 days during winter conditions. These results were verified when observations were present in this area. The capability now exists to produce real time dynamic ocean thermal profiles in areas of infrequent observations and also to forecast changes in ocean thermal structure up to 72 hours from the time of an observation.
Author : William Fawver Johnson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Upper Ocean Thermal Structure Forecast Evaluation of a Model Using Synoptic Data written by William Fawver Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-dimensional model is used to simulate ocean thermal structure response to synoptic scale atmospheric forcing data at six locations. The atmospheric forcing data (Solar Radiation, Total Heat Flux and Marine Winds) were obtained from Fleet Numerical Weather Central (FNWC) Primitive Equation and Marine Wind Models. Data used to initialize and verify the ocean thermal structure originated from bathythermograph data stored at FNWC. Length of simulation ranged from 72 hours to 36 days and was limited by the length of continuous historical data available for study. Results show the forcing functions contain sufficient resolution to define diurnal and synoptic time scale events. When the model is run using these forcing functions it produces changes in the mixed-layer depth and mixed-layer temperature on the same time scales. The magnitude of these changes ranged typically from diurnal fluctuations of 20 m/day and .3 C during summer conditions to synoptic scale deepening of 50 m and cooling by 2 C in 36 days during winter conditions. These results were verified when observations were present in this area. The capability now exists to produce real time dynamic ocean thermal profiles in areas of infrequent observations and also to forecast changes in ocean thermal structure up to 72 hours from the time of an observation.
Author : B. Thompson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Automated Thermal Structure Forecasting Techniques written by B. Thompson and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In its program of ocean thermal structure forecasting, the Antisubmarine Warfare Environmental Prediction System of the Naval Oceanographic Office has been experimenting with various automated methods. The present numerical analysis technique, as applied under conditions of insufficient data, is investigated by the author. The Conditional Relaxation Analysis Method (CRAM) appears to result in reliable analyses when the amount and distribution of data received is sufficient. Further research is required to improve numerical analysis methods for cases of insufficient data. (Author).
Author : United States. Hydrographic Office
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Effects of Weather Upon the Thermal Structure of the Ocean written by United States. Hydrographic Office and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigation was made of the meteorological factors which a ffect the thermal structure of the ocean, and an attempt was made to develop techniques for predicting this structure. A prediction technique is proposed which is based on relationships giving the magnitude of the effects of radiation, evaporation and molecular conduction, convection, and turbulent mixing on the thermal structure. A sample prediction showed promise, but the data indicated that an accurate and operationally useful prediction method required a consideration of the internal waves which produce vertical motion. This factor was investigated for a 2-layer system and for a model in which the density was a continuous function of depth. The main considerations in the first model were seasonal and monthly variations, semidiurnal and diurnal tidal variations, short period variations, and random variations, Study of semidiurnal and diurnal tidal variations led to an empirical formula giving the amplitudes of oscillation in one area as a function of the thickness and density discontinuity of the 2-layer system. Where the data were adequate for a forecast, the formula predicted amplitudes with a fair degree of accuracy. Methods were also developed for predicting the internal oscillations of the continuous density model. A sample prediction showed good agreement at the greater depths; however, discrepancies occurred near the surface.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Validation and Application of Altimetry-Derived Upper Ocean Thermal Structure in the Western North Pacific Ocean for Typhoon-Intensity Forecast written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses more than 5000 colocated and near coincident in-situ profiles from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Global Temperature and Salinity Profile Program database spanning over the period from 2002 to 2005 to systematically validate the satellite-altimetry-derived upper ocean thermal structure in the western North Pacific Ocean as such ocean thermal Structure information is critical in typhoon-intensity change. It is found that this satellite-derived information is applicable in the central and the southwestern North Pacific (covering 122-170 degrees E, 9-25 degrees N) but not in the northern part (130-170 degrees E, 2540 degrees N). However, since> 80% of the typhoons are found to intensify in the central and southern part, this regional dependence should not pose a serious constraint in studying typhoon intensification. Further comparison with the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory's North Pacific Ocean Nowcast/Forecast System (NPACNFS) hydrodynamic ocean model shows similar regional applicability, but NPACNFS is found to have a general underestimation in the upper ocean thermal structure and causes a large under-estimation of the tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP) by up to 60 kl/sq cm. After validation, the derived upper ocean thermal profiles are used to study the intensity change of super typhoon Dianmu (2004). It is found that two upper ocean parameters, i.e., a typhoon's self-induced cooling and the during-typhoon TCHP, are the most sensitive parameters (with R2 - 0.7) to the 6-h intensity change of Dianmu during the study period covering Dianmu's rapid intensification to category 5 and its subsequent decay to category 4. This paper suggests the usefulness of satellite-based upper ocean thermal information in future research and operation that is related to typhoon-intensity change in the western North Pacific.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Ocean Prediction written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Environmental Prediction Research Facility (U.S.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book ENVPREDRSCHFAC Technical Paper written by Environmental Prediction Research Facility (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Taivo Laevastu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Numerical Synoptic Analyses of Heat Exchange and Their Use in Ocean Thermal Structure Prediction written by Taivo Laevastu and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flow diagrams and formulas for synoptic heat exchange computations are given, and examples of such computations are presented. Average values and typical ranges of different heat exchange components are given and their pattern size in relation to the size of surface weather pattern is indicated. The use of heat exchange computations in oceanographic analyses and forecasts is described, and the magnitudes of thermal structure changes in surface layers due to heat exchange considerations are given.
Author : M. C. Colton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book OPTOMA (Ocean Prediction Through Observations, Modeling, and Analysis) Program Interim Report. The Airborne Ocean Thermal Structure Mapping Project written by M. C. Colton and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ocean Prediction Through Observation, Modeling and Analysis (OPTOMA) Program goals are to develop an ocean descriptive predictive system for studying and forecasting the evolution of ocean mesoscale features and the California Current System. Attainment of these goals requires the establishment of a broad-base ocean observing and monitoring system that includes, hydrographic research cruises, moored arrays, and remotely sensed data, etc. To forecast the evolution of the oceanic flow field, the observing system must include a means of obtaining real-time, synoptic maps for the initialization and verification of the dynamic model(s) used. P3 flights to deploy airborne expendable bathythermographs are a clear choice for frequent mappings. Since Feb. 1983 six OPTOMA missions have been flown. A total of 325 AXBTs have been successfully deployed off the northern and central California coasts. Data analysis reinforce recent discoveries about the character of the California Current System: the current regime is highly variable in nature and is comprised of cool anomalies, mesoscale eddies, 'squirts' and jets, current filaments and fronts. An airborne digital data acquisition system, built around an HP9816 microprocessor and a Sippican MK9 digitizing unit, digitizes the AXBT audio signal, then stores the profiles on diskette.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 524 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Naval Research Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : R. Michael Clancy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 63 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Inaccuracies in Meteorological Parameters on One-Dimensional Forecasts of Upper Ocean Thermal Structure written by R. Michael Clancy and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-dimensional model has been used to investigate the effect of inaccuracies in meteorological parameters on forecasts of upper ocean thermal structure. Vertical eddy fluxes of heat, salinity, and momentum in the oceanic mixed layer are parameterized using the Level-2 turbulence closure model of Mellor and Yamada (1974). Surface eddy fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, and momentum are related to the imposed meteorologiccal parameters through a bulk aerodynamic formulation. Surface fluxes of solar and infrared radiation are parameterized with the formulas of Wyrtki (1965). The temperature anomaly in the ocean forecast produced by inaccuracies in the meteorological parameters diffuses rapidly downward from the surface to within a few meters of the mixed layer base. Its downward diffusion is much slower below this level and this tends to produce a realtively large vertical gradient in temperature anomaly near the base of the mixed layer which may have important implications for acoustic modeling. Both the depth of the mixed layer and the magnitude of the mixed layer temperature anomaly are found to be nonlinear functions of the inaccuracies in the potential temperature, humidity, and wind speed of the atmospheric mixed layer. Estimates of the time evolution of the inaccuracies in the air temperature, humdity, and wind speed during an actual operational forecast situation are made.
Author : Taivo Laevastu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Analysis and Prediction of the Depth of the Thermocline and Near-surface Thermal Structure written by Taivo Laevastu and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
