Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Observations Of Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen Species And Nitrogen Deposition In The Rocky Mountains
Download Observations Of Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen Species And Nitrogen Deposition In The Rocky Mountains full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Observations Of Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen Species And Nitrogen Deposition In The Rocky Mountains ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Observations of atmospheric reactive nitrogen species and nitrogen deposition in the Rocky Mountains by : Katherine B. Benedict
Download or read book Observations of atmospheric reactive nitrogen species and nitrogen deposition in the Rocky Mountains written by Katherine B. Benedict and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Southern Wyoming by : Douglas A. Burns
Download or read book The Effects of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Southern Wyoming written by Douglas A. Burns and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Rocky Mountain National Park Initiative, Nitrogen Deposition Reduction Contingency Plan by :
Download or read book Rocky Mountain National Park Initiative, Nitrogen Deposition Reduction Contingency Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition relative to the natural processes and natural character of Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) has become better understood over time, as scientific research and monitoring that began in the early 1980's have documented various changes to ecosystems in the park. These changes include forest and soil biogeochemical changes, enhanced microbial activity in soils, increased N in lakes and streams, changes in surface water chemistry, altered tree chemistry, and shifts in species of aquatic plants. The park's unique resources will continue to be harmed if N deposition remains constant or increases. In 2004 a multi-agency meeting including the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE), the National Park Service (NPS), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was held to address the effects and trends of N deposition in RMNP, and related air quality issues including elevated ozone concentrations and visibility impairment.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Nitrogen and Sulfur Deposition in Rocky Mountain National Park by : Katherine B. Beem
Download or read book Atmospheric Nitrogen and Sulfur Deposition in Rocky Mountain National Park written by Katherine B. Beem and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of Ambient Reactive Nitrogen Emissions Sources and Deposition in the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area by :
Download or read book Investigation of Ambient Reactive Nitrogen Emissions Sources and Deposition in the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic reactive nitrogen is emitted into the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion (nitrogen oxides) and agricultural activities (nitrogen oxides and ammonia). Nitrogen oxide emissions have long been controlled for their role in ambient air pollution and human health effects. However, reactive nitrogen deposition is less understood even though it can play a significant role in altering biodiversity, impairing ecosystem and biogeochemical function and degrading cultural artifacts. Although nitrogen deposition is a natural part of biogeochemical cycling, many ecosystems across the United States are at risk of exceeding the critical nitrogen deposition load. While nitrogen oxides are routinely measured in urban areas, far less is known in non-urban landscapes where ecosystems may be especially sensitive. Regional chemical transport models have been used to predict the impacts of ambient reactive nitrogen deposition in non-urban areas, but models have difficulty simulating reactive nitrogen due to poorly quantified emissions, especially from the agricultural sector. My research explores the speciated deposition of reactive nitrogen through monitoring and modeling in the unique field setting of the 150 mile Columbia River Gorge (CRG) located along the border of Oregon and Washington. This site is ideally suited for this investigation due to the large sources of reactive nitrogen at either end of the CRG and unique seasonally driven channel wind flow. Seasonally driven wind allowed us to look at the reactive nitrogen emissions flowing through the CRG to assess ambient the reactive nitrogen partitioning and deposition gradient. Using data collected by the United States Forest Service to control ambient haze in the CRG and our co-located nitrogen oxides (NOx) gas analyzer, we first characterized the influence of seasonal, bimodal wind distributions on the spatial distribution of reactive nitrogen. We found that during winter months with predominantly easterly winds, particulate nitrate and ammonium and gas-phase nitrogen dioxide levels create a gradient from the eastern end to the western end. Particulate nitrate and sulfate mass concentrations influence the CRG gradient during summer months with predominantly western winds. We also found that the magnitude of the impact from east is greater than the magnitude of impact from the west. When we compared our observations to regional chemistry transport models, we found that models are significantly under-predicting levels of reactive nitrogen in the CRG. This bias is not isolated to a single station within the Gorge, but throughout the whole Columbia Basin. Our results indicate that there are under-represented emissions in the region leading to this bias. Partly due to the bias in reactive N gas-phase species in the CRG, regional models have been underestimating the impact of gas-phase reactive N on dry N deposition. We conducted field studies at two sites within the CRG monitoring reactive nitrogen species (nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, nitric acid, particulate nitrate, particulate ammonium, and particulate sulfate) as well as ozone and meteorological parameters. These measurements allowed us to conduct the first comprehensive analysis of reactive nitrogen partitioning and deposition in the CRG. Through our measurements, we found reactive nitrogen was higher in the spring than the summer. We found concentrations ranging from 0-15 ppbv ammonia, 0-7 ppbv nitric acid, 0-2 μg/m3 ammonium nitrate and 0-1 μg/m3 ammonium sulfate at the sites. Through the measurements of all these species, we evaluated the limiting gas-phase precursor to inorganic nitrogen particle formation. In the springtime, ammonia limits the formation of particulate reactive nitrogen; while in the summer, nitric acid and oxidized sulfur limit the formation of inorganic nitrogen particles. This suggests that there may be more sources of ammonia in the spring with fertilizer application or perhaps reactive nitrogen reservoirs are renoxified through thermal dissociation during warmer summer months. Our estimated deposition from gas and particle phase reactive nitrogen ranged from 0-0.14 kg N/ha per day. We also found that gas-phase reactive nitrogen plays the largest role in dry N deposition in the CRG with particle-phase contributing less than 15% of total dry N deposition. These results are important for land managers to understand the total impact of reactive nitrogen to non-urban areas. This research can inform mitigation strategies for haze formation, identify the major species and sources involved in dry N deposition and assess the potential impacts to ecosystems and cultural artifacts.
Book Synopsis Air Pollution and Its Impacts on U.S. National Parks by : Timothy J. Sullivan
Download or read book Air Pollution and Its Impacts on U.S. National Parks written by Timothy J. Sullivan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-02-03 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A variety of air pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere from human-caused and natural emissions sources throughout the United States and elsewhere. These contaminants impact sensitive natural resources in wilderness, including the national parks. The system of national parks in the United States is among our greatest assets. This book provides a compilation and synthesis of current scientific understanding regarding the causes and effects of these pollutants within national park lands. It describes pollutant emissions, deposition, and exposures; it identifies the critical (tipping point) loads of pollutant deposition at which adverse impacts are manifested.
Book Synopsis Rocky Mountain National Park Nitrogen Deposition Reduction Plan by :
Download or read book Rocky Mountain National Park Nitrogen Deposition Reduction Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The RMNP Initiative was formed to study and recommend action on air quality issues facing the park. Participants in the initiative include the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Air Pollution Control Division, U.S. EPA Region 8 Air Program, the Air Resources Division of the National Park Service and the U.S. Forest Service.
Book Synopsis Geography of Nitrate and Sulfate Atmospheric Wet Deposition in the Southern Rocky Mountains by : Ivan Guillermo Valles
Download or read book Geography of Nitrate and Sulfate Atmospheric Wet Deposition in the Southern Rocky Mountains written by Ivan Guillermo Valles and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program’s National Trends Network, the United States Geological Survey’s Rocky Mountain Regional Snowpack Chemistry Program and the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Air Markets Program were analyzed to identify spatial relationships amongst atmospheric wet deposition concentrations of nitrate and sulfate. The analysis relates atmospheric wet deposition, commonly known as acid rain, to two distinct variables—as a function of elevation and also as a function of proximity to major regional electricity generating stations. This study focuses on the Southern Rocky Mountain region of the United States, and integrates depositional and emissions point-source data from Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. Previous studies have identified wide-ranging adverse effects upon terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems such as nitrogen saturation, changes in plant biodiversity, and soil nutrient cycling where atmospheric wet deposition is the suspected primary means of pollutant transport and delivery. Atmospheric wet deposition then possess the ability to, in a broad sense, impair the United States’ agricultural, economic, and public health sectors; as a result, the United States Congress, beginning in the 1970’s had legislated a number of acts and amendments funding research focused on studying and attenuating airborne pollution. However, the spatiotemporal geography of atmospheric wet deposition has been understudied and limited in scope, especially across the Western United States’ high elevation lifezones. As a result, it is currently difficult to assess how the depositions of nitrate and sulfate will respond spatially or temporally as a function of emissions outputs of nitrous and sulfurous oxides from major regional electricity generating facilities. This research builds upon the existing geographic knowledge of atmospheric wet deposition by combining precipitation, snowpack, and emission datasets to analyze specific spatial relationships. The study concludes that levels of atmospheric wet deposition concentrations do in fact show trend changes in relation to elevation; it also finds that atmospheric wet deposition concentrations show relationships that strengthen with increased proximity to regional electricity generating stations. The significance of this research is that the spatial distribution of atmospheric wet deposition is discernible, and with improved application and design, likely capable of forecasting the phenomenon.
Book Synopsis Detection and Quantification of Reactive Atmospheric Nitrogen Species in Remote Ecosystems by : Bryan K. Place
Download or read book Detection and Quantification of Reactive Atmospheric Nitrogen Species in Remote Ecosystems written by Bryan K. Place and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen to the environment have increased by over 150 % in the last 150 years causing concern for vital biophysical processes on Earth. Thus being able to measure these increased inputs in terrestrial, aquatic and atmospheric environments is essential to understanding how the global nitrogen cycle has been impacted since the industrial revolution. With respect to the atmosphere, emissions of reduced and oxidized forms of nitrogen have increased largely due to the anthropogenic activities of agriculture and combustion, respectively. Emissions of these nitrogenous species not only impact regions adjacent to their point sources, but also have the ability to influence ecosystems hundreds of kilometers away due to the long-range transport of some of these compounds. This can impact sensitive remote ecosystems positively or negatively by either stimulating growth or causing acidification, eutrophication and biodiversity shifts. Therefore developing analytical techniques that are capable of measuring oxidized and reduced atmospheric inputs to remote ecosystems is of great importance. In part I of this work a method employing custom-built physisorption-based passive samplers coupled with ion chromatography analysis was developed to sample atmospheric nitric acid (HNO3(g)) in remote ecosystems. The developed HNO3(g) sampling method was able to detect HNO3(g) mixing ratios as low as 2 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) over a monthly sampling period, following a rigorous quality assurance and quality control procedure. The passive samplers were installed across the Newfoundland and Labrador - Boreal Ecosystem Latitudinal Transect (NL-BELT) in the summer of 2015, and average mixing ratios of HNO3(g) at the NL-BELT field sites from 2015-16 were determined to be in the tens of parts per trillion by volume (pptv) range. The dry deposition flux of HNO3(g) as nitrogen (N) to the field sites ranged from 3 - 16 mg N yr-1. Through an air mass back trajectory analysis, coupled with a steady-state chemical box model approximation, it was determined that the HNO3(g) quantities observed at a single NL-BELT site likely originated from local production and regional transport from central and eastern Newfoundland, with an additional contribution from the down welling of peroxyacetyl nitrates from the upper troposphere, possibly occurring during the spring and early summer. In part II of this work, an ion chromatography method was developed to speciate and quantify alkylamines (NR3(g)). NR3(g) have been shown to influence Earth's climate and may be an important source of new nitrogen to remote ecosystems. The developed method was shown to be sensitive, accurate, and robust in separating and quantifying 11 atmospheric alkylamines, including 3 sets of alkylamine isomers, from 5 common atmospheric inorganic cations. The method was able to detect NR3(g) at a picogram per injection level, and the method performed robustly in the presence of a complex biomassburning matrix containing amounts of inorganic cations up to 3 orders of magnitude larger than the NR3(g) quantified in the samples. Thus the ion chromatography method can be applied to the remote atmosphere where alkylamine concentrations are often detected in quantities 1000 times less than other atmospheric cations. In the biomass-burning particle samples tested using the ion chromatography method unprecedented quantities of dimethylamine and diethylamine were observed, with the summed molar quantity exceeding that of ammonium in the 100 - 560 nm particle diameter fraction. The applicability of these atmospheric measurement techniques to measure and quantify HNO3(g) and NR3(g) has been demonstrated for remote ecosystems and will hopefully allow for a greater understanding of these two species roles' in remote environments.
Book Synopsis Advances In Atmospheric Chemistry - Volume 2: Organic Oxidation And Multiphase Chemistry by : John R Barker
Download or read book Advances In Atmospheric Chemistry - Volume 2: Organic Oxidation And Multiphase Chemistry written by John R Barker and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-01-07 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series presents authoritative invited summaries of research on atmospheric chemistry in a changing world. These range from comprehensive reviews of major subject areas to focused accounts by individual research groups. The topics may include laboratory studies, field measurements, in situ monitoring and remote sensing, studies of composition, chemical modeling, theories of atmospheric chemistry and climate, feedback mechanisms, emissions and deposition, biogeochemical cycles, and the links between atmospheric chemistry and the climate system at large.Volume 2 comprises chapters describing research on multiphase chemistry affecting air quality in China, on multiphase chemistry of organic compounds leading to secondary organic aerosol formation, on biogeochemical cycles involving ammonia, on oxidation of aromatic compounds, on reactions of Criegee intermediates (important in oxidation of alkenes), and on laboratory and field measurements of isotopic fractionation in the atmosphere.
Book Synopsis The European Nitrogen Assessment by : Mark A. Sutton
Download or read book The European Nitrogen Assessment written by Mark A. Sutton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-14 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting the first continental-scale assessment of reactive nitrogen in the environment, this book sets the related environmental problems in context by providing a multidisciplinary introduction to the nitrogen cycle processes. Issues of upscaling from farm plot and city to national and continental scales are addressed in detail with emphasis on opportunities for better management at local to global levels. The five key societal threats posed by reactive nitrogen are assessed, providing a framework for joined-up management of the nitrogen cycle in Europe, including the first cost-benefit analysis for different reactive nitrogen forms and future scenarios. Incorporating comprehensive maps, a handy technical synopsis and a summary for policy makers, this landmark volume is an essential reference for academic researchers across a wide range of disciplines, as well as stakeholders and policy makers. It is also a valuable tool in communicating the key environmental issues and future challenges to the wider public.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen in China by : Xuejun Liu
Download or read book Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen in China written by Xuejun Liu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-04 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric reactive nitrogen (N) emissions, as an important component of global N cycle, have been significantly altered by anthropogenic activities, and consequently have had a global impact on air pollution and ecosystem services. Due to rapid agricultural, industrial, and urban development, China has been experiencing an increase in reactive N emissions and deposition since the late 1970s. Based on a literature review, this book summarizes recent research on: 1) atmospheric reactive N in China from a global perspective (Chapter 1); 2) atmospheric reactive N emissions, deposition and budget in China (Chapters 2-5); 3) the contribution of atmospheric reactive N to air pollution (e.g., haze, surface O3, and acid deposition) (Chapters 6-8); 4) the impacts of N deposition on sensitive ecosystems (e.g., forests, grasslands, deserts and lakes) (Chapters 9-12); and 5) the regulatory strategies for mitigation of atmospheric reactive N pollution from agricultural and non-agricultural sectors in China (Chapters 13-14). As such it offers graduate students, researchers, educators in agricultural, ecological and environmental sciences, and policy makers a glimpse of the environmental issues related to reactive N in China .
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Ammonia by : Mark Sutton
Download or read book Atmospheric Ammonia written by Mark Sutton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-30 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic emissions of ammonia cause a host of environmental impacts, including loss of biodiversity, soil acidification and formation of particulate matter in the atmosphere. Under the auspices of the UNECE Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution, around 80 international experts met to review the state of scientific knowledge. This book reports their analysis. It concludes that threshold levels for ammonia effects have been underestimated and sets new values, it assesses the independent evidence to verify reported reductions in regional ammonia emissions, and it reviews the uncertainties in modelling ammonia, both in "hot spots" and at the regional scale.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics by : John H. Seinfeld
Download or read book Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics written by John H. Seinfeld and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-12-18 with total page 1249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly restructured and updated with new findings and new features The Second Edition of this internationally acclaimed text presents the latest developments in atmospheric science. It continues to be the premier text for both a rigorous and a complete treatment of the chemistry of the atmosphere, covering such pivotal topics as: * Chemistry of the stratosphere and troposphere * Formation, growth, dynamics, and properties of aerosols * Meteorology of air pollution * Transport, diffusion, and removal of species in the atmosphere * Formation and chemistry of clouds * Interaction of atmospheric chemistry and climate * Radiative and climatic effects of gases and particles * Formulation of mathematical chemical/transport models of the atmosphere All chapters develop results based on fundamental principles, enabling the reader to build a solid understanding of the science underlying atmospheric processes. Among the new material are three new chapters: Atmospheric Radiation and Photochemistry, General Circulation of the Atmosphere, and Global Cycles. In addition, the chapters Stratospheric Chemistry, Tropospheric Chemistry, and Organic Atmospheric Aerosols have been rewritten to reflect the latest findings. Readers familiar with the First Edition will discover a text with new structures and new features that greatly aid learning. Many examples are set off in the text to help readers work through the application of concepts. Advanced material has been moved to appendices. Finally, many new problems, coded by degree of difficulty, have been added. A solutions manual is available. Thoroughly updated and restructured, the Second Edition of Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics is an ideal textbook for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students, as well as a reference for researchers in environmental engineering, meteorology, chemistry, and the atmospheric sciences. Click here to Download the Solutions Manual for Academic Adopters: http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-292291.html
Author :U.S. Global Change Research Program Publisher :Cambridge University Press ISBN 13 :0521144078 Total Pages :193 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (211 download)
Book Synopsis Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States by : U.S. Global Change Research Program
Download or read book Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States written by U.S. Global Change Research Program and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-24 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes the science of climate change and impacts on the United States, for the public and policymakers.
Book Synopsis Emerging Frontiers in Ecological Stoichiometry by : Michelle Evans-White
Download or read book Emerging Frontiers in Ecological Stoichiometry written by Michelle Evans-White and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-16 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
