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Object Based Suppression In Auditory Selective Attention
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Book Synopsis Object-based Suppression in Auditory Selective Attention by : Heather R. Daly
Download or read book Object-based Suppression in Auditory Selective Attention written by Heather R. Daly and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many definitions of selective attention tend to reference two components: a facilitatory mechanism that enhances the signal of interest, and an inhibitory mechanism that suppresses irrelevant and potentially distracting signals. These mechanisms have been studied extensively in vision, but less is known about their operation in audition. The present investigation tested whether suppression in auditory selective attention is sensitive to statistical regularities in complex scenes, which was shown in recent work in vision (Wang & Theeuwes, 2018). Participants listened to complex scenes consisting of several voices saying series of numbers and a distracting environmental noise. There were two possible distracting noises, one of which occurred much more frequently (70%) than the other (30%). One voice on each trial was a gender singleton, and participants were instructed to find that voice and report whether it was saying even or odd numbers. If suppression is an active component of auditory selective attention, it should reduce the influence of the distracting noise that occurs more frequently. Results revealed significantly faster RTs when the high-probability distracting noise was in the scene relative to when the low-probability distracting noise was in the scene, suggesting that participants used the frequency of the distractor across trials to aid performance. This result demonstrates that suppression mitigates the detrimental influence of a frequently occurring distracting sound.
Book Synopsis Object-based Attention by : Zachary Raymond Ernst
Download or read book Object-based Attention written by Zachary Raymond Ernst and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selective attention improves information processing for a subset of relevant information, usually at the expense of irrelevant information. Visual information can be selected on the basis of a particular spatial location, feature, or object. Selective attention has been shown to modulate the response of sensory neurons encoding the selected feature. Feature- and object-based attention make competing prediction when an observer is asked to attend to a single feature within an object. Feature-based attention predicts that only the task-relevant feature will be selected, and thus the neural response to the task-irrelevant features will be suppressed. Object-based attention predicts that all of the object's features will be selected, and thus attentional modulation will spread to the task-irrelevant. Using a transparent motion stimulus composed of two overlapping dot fields with unique color-motion conjunctions, we measured the independent responses to each surface-features with fMRI. Attention modulated the response to both surface features consistent with object-based selection. Our fMRI result led to the following prediction: if all features of a relevant object are selected, then it should be easier to divided attention across features within an object versus between two objects. Using a dual-task paradigm, we found no perceptual cost to dividing attention within a surface but a large perceptual cost to dividing attention between surfaces. Surprisingly, when attention was divided between surfaces, subjects became more susceptible to distractors in the other surface. Together, these results suggest that object-based attention selects all features of a relevant object, which makes it difficult to filter distractors when dividing attention across multiple objects.
Book Synopsis Hemispheric Processing in Object-based Selective Attention by : Monica Arun Valsangkar-Smyth
Download or read book Hemispheric Processing in Object-based Selective Attention written by Monica Arun Valsangkar-Smyth and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Attention written by Addie Johnson and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2004 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attention: Theory and Practice provides a balance between a readable overview of attention and an emphasis on how theories and paradigms for the study of attention have developed. The book highlights the important issues and major findings while giving sufficient details of experimental studies, models, and theories so that results and conclusions are easy to follow and evaluate. Rather than brushing over tricky technical details, the authors explain them clearly, giving readers the benefit of understanding the motivation for and techniques of the experiments in order to allow readers to think through results, models, and theories for themselves. Attention is an accessible text for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in psychology, as well as an important resource for researchers and practitioners interested in gaining an overview of the field of attention.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Neuroscience by : Kevin N Ochsner
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Neuroscience written by Kevin N Ochsner and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-13 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive neuroscience has grown into a rich and complex discipline, some 35 years after the term was coined. Given the great expanse of the field, an inclusive and authoritative resource such as this handbook is needed for examining the current state-of-the-science in cognitive neuroscience. Spread across two volumes, the 59 chapters included in this handbook systemically survey all aspects of cognitive neuroscience, spanning perception, attention, memory, language, emotion, self and social cognition, higher cognitive functions, and clinical applications. Additional chapters cover topics ranging from the use of top-down cognitive processes in visual perception to the representation and recognition of objects and spatial relations; attention and its relationship to action as well as visual motor control; language and related core abilities including semantics, speech perception and production, the distinction between linguistic competence and performance, and the capacity for written language. Special coverage is also given to chapters describing the psychopharmacology of cognition, the theory of mind, the neuroscience underlying the regulation of emotion, and neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence that supports the special status of self-knowledge in memory. This handbook provides a comprehensive compendium of research on cognitive neuroscience that will be widely accessible to students, researchers, and professionals working in this exciting and growing field.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Attention by : Kia Nobre
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Attention written by Kia Nobre and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 1260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last three decades, there have been enormous advances in our understanding of the neural mechanisms of selective attention at the network as well as the cellular level. The Oxford Handbook of Attention brings together the different research areas that constitute contemporary attention research into one comprehensive and authoritative volume. In 40 chapters, it covers the most important aspects of attention research from the areas of cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, human and animal neuroscience, computational modelling, and philosophy. The book is divided into 4 main sections. Following an introduction from Michael Posner, the books starts by looking at theoretical models of attention. The next two sections are dedicated to spatial attention and non-spatial attention respectively. Within section 4, the authors consider the interactions between attention and other psychological domains. The last two sections focus on attention-related disorders, and finally, on computational models of attention. Aimed at both scholars and students, the Oxford Handbook of Attention provides a concise and state-of-the-art review of the current literature in this field.
Book Synopsis Examining Auditory Selective Attention by : Josefa Oberem
Download or read book Examining Auditory Selective Attention written by Josefa Oberem and published by . This book was released on 2020-04-10 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the present thesis is to examine the cognitive control mechanisms underlying auditory selective attention by considering the influence of variables that increase the complexity of an auditory scene. Therefore, technical aspects such as dynamic binaural hearing, room acoustics and head movements as well as those that influence the efficiency of cognitive processing are taken into account. Step-by-step the well-established dichotic-listening paradigm is extended into a realistic spatial listening paradigm. Conducted empirical surveys are based on a paradigm examining the intentional switching of auditory selective attention. Performance measure differences between the repetition of the target's spatial position and the related switch describe the loss of efficiency associated with redirecting attention from one target's location to another. To examine whether the irrelevant auditory information is decoded, interference in the processing of task-relevant and task-irrelevant information is created in the paradigm. Using the binaural-listening paradigm, the ability to intentionally switch auditory selective attention is tested when applying different methods of spatial reproduction. Essential differences between real sources, an individual and a non-individual binaural synthesis are found. As a step towards multi-talker scenarios in realistic environments participants are tested in differently reverberating environments, resulting in highly affected switch costs. Age-related effects are found when applying the binaural-listening paradigm, indicating difficulties for elderly to suppress processing the distractor's speech.
Book Synopsis Objects and Attention by : Brian J. Scholl
Download or read book Objects and Attention written by Brian J. Scholl and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of object-based models of attention.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Neuroscience, Volume 2 by : Kevin Ochsner
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Neuroscience, Volume 2 written by Kevin Ochsner and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rich source of authoritative information that supports reading and study in the field of cognitive neuroscience, this two-volume handbook reviews the current state-of-the-science in all major areas of the field.
Author :Monica Arun Valsangkar-Smyth Publisher :National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada ISBN 13 : Total Pages :286 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (51 download)
Book Synopsis Hemispheric Processing in Object-based Selective Attention [microform] by : Monica Arun Valsangkar-Smyth
Download or read book Hemispheric Processing in Object-based Selective Attention [microform] written by Monica Arun Valsangkar-Smyth and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2001 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Sensory Working Memory by : Pierre Jolicoeur
Download or read book Mechanisms of Sensory Working Memory written by Pierre Jolicoeur and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-17 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanisms of Sensory Working Memory: Attention and Performance XXV provides an update on research surrounding the memory processes that are crucial for many facets of cognitive processing and experience, with new coverage of emerging areas of study, including a new understanding of working memory for features of stimuli devoid of verbal, phonological, or long-term memory content, such as memory for simple visual features (e.g., texture or color), simple auditory features (e.g., pitch), or simple tactile features (e.g., vibration frequency), now called sensory memory to distinguish from verbal memory. This contemporary focus on sensory memory is just beginning, and this collection of original contributions provides a foundational reference for the study mechanisms of sensory memory. Students, scholars, and researchers studying memory mechanisms and processes in cognitive neuroscience, cognitive science, neuroscience, and psychology will find this book of great value to their work. - Introduces the study of sensory mechanisms of working memory as distinct from verbal memory - Covers visual memory, auditory memory, and tactile memory - Includes translational content as the breakdown of working memory is often associated with a disease, disorder, or trauma to the brain
Book Synopsis Visual Attention by : Richard D. Wright
Download or read book Visual Attention written by Richard D. Wright and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1998-10-29 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paying attention is something we are all familiar with and often take for granted, yet the nature of the operations involved in paying attention is one of the most profound mysteries of the brain. This book contains a rich, interdisciplinary collection of articles by some of the pioneers of contemporary research on attention. Central themes include how attention is moved within the visual field; attention's role during visual search, and the inhibition of these search processes; how attentional processing changes as continued practice leads to automatic performance; how visual and auditory attentional processing may be linked; and recent advances in functional neuro-imaging and how they have been used to study the brain's attentional network
Book Synopsis Neurobiology of Attention by : Laurent Itti
Download or read book Neurobiology of Attention written by Laurent Itti and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-03-31 with total page 757 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A key property of neural processing in higher mammals is the ability to focus resources by selectively directing attention to relevant perceptions, thoughts or actions. Research into attention has grown rapidly over the past two decades, as new techniques have become available to study higher brain function in humans, non-human primates, and other mammals. Neurobiology of Attention is the first encyclopedic volume to summarize the latest developments in attention research.An authoritative collection of over 100 chapters organized into thematic sections provides both broad coverage and access to focused, up-to-date research findings. This book presents a state-of-the-art multidisciplinary perspective on psychological, physiological and computational approaches to understanding the neurobiology of attention. Ideal for students, as a reference handbook or for rapid browsing, the book has a wide appeal to anybody interested in attention research.* Contains numerous quick-reference articles covering the breadth of investigation into the subject of attention* Provides extensive introductory commentary to orient and guide the reader* Includes the most recent research results in this field of study
Book Synopsis The Neuroscience of Attention: The Neuroscience of Attention by : George R. Mangun
Download or read book The Neuroscience of Attention: The Neuroscience of Attention written by George R. Mangun and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-02-16 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will provide the reader with a solid overview of the mechanisms and models in the neuroscience of attentional control and selection from leading authorities working in humans and animals, and incorporating a array of neuroscience methods from single neuron recordings to functional brain imaging.
Book Synopsis The Merging of the Senses by : Barry E. Stein
Download or read book The Merging of the Senses written by Barry E. Stein and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1993-01-22 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together neural, perceptual, and behavioral studies, The Merging of the Senses provides the first detailed review of how the brain assembles information from different sensory systems in order to produce a coherent view of the external world. Stein and Meredith marshall evidence from a broad array of species to show that interactions among senses are the most ancient scheme of sensory organization, an integrative system reflecting a general plan that supersedes structure and species. Most importantly, they explore what is known about the neural processes by which interactions among the senses take place at the level of the single cell.The authors draw on their own experiments to illustrate how sensory inputs converge (from visual, auditory, and somatosensory modalities, for instance) on individual neurons in different areas of the brain, how these neurons integrate their inputs, the principles by which this integration occurs, and what this may mean for perception and behavior. Neurons in the superior colliculus and cortex are emphasized as models of multiple sensory integrators.
Book Synopsis Auditory Selective Attention by : Constanze Elisabeth Anna Mikyska
Download or read book Auditory Selective Attention written by Constanze Elisabeth Anna Mikyska and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Auditory System at the Cocktail Party by : John C. Middlebrooks
Download or read book The Auditory System at the Cocktail Party written by John C. Middlebrooks and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-19 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Auditory System at the Cocktail Party is a rather whimsical title that points to the very serious challenge faced by listeners in most everyday environments: how to hear out sounds of interest amid a cacophony of competing sounds. The volume presents the mechanisms for bottom-up object formation and top-down object selection that the auditory system employs to meet that challenge. Ear and Brain Mechanisms for Parsing the Auditory Scene by John C. Middlebrooks and Jonathan Z. Simon Auditory Object Formation and Selection by Barbara Shinn-Cunningham, Virginia Best, and Adrian K. C. Lee Energetic Masking and Masking Release by John F. Culling and Michael A. Stone Informational Masking in Speech Recognition by Gerald Kidd, Jr. and H. Steven Colburn Modeling the Cocktail Party Problem by Mounya Elhilali Spatial Stream Segregation by John C. Middlebrooks Human Auditory Neuroscience and the Cocktail Party Problem by Jonathan Z. Simon Infants and Children at the Cocktail Party by Lynne Werner Older Adults at the Cocktail Party by M. Kathleen Pichora-Fuller, Claude Alain, and Bruce A. Schneider Hearing with Cochlear Implants and Hearing Aids in Complex Auditory Scenes by Ruth Y. Litovsky, Matthew J. Goupell, Sara M. Misurelli, and Alan Kan About the Editors: John C. Middlebrooks is a Professor in the Department of Otolaryngology at the University of California, Irvine, with affiliate appointments in the Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, the Department of Cognitive Sciences, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering. Jonathan Z. Simon is a Professor at the University of Maryland, College Park, with joint appointments in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the Department of Biology, and the Institute for Systems Research. Arthur N. Popper is Professor Emeritus and Research Professor in the Department of Biology at the University of Maryland, College Park. Richard R. Fay is Distinguished Research Professor of Psychology at Loyola University, Chicago. About the Series: The Springer Handbook of Auditory Research presents a series of synthetic reviews of fundamental topics dealing with auditory systems. Each volume is independent and authoritative; taken as a set, this series is the definitive resource in the field.
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