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Nutritional Strategies To Improve Nitrogen Efficiency And Milk Protein Synthesis In Dairy Cows
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Book Synopsis Nutritional strategies to improve nitrogen efficiency and milk protein synthesis in dairy cows by : James D. Ferguson
Download or read book Nutritional strategies to improve nitrogen efficiency and milk protein synthesis in dairy cows written by James D. Ferguson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nutritional Strategies to Improve Nitrogen Efficiency and Reduce Nitrogen Excretion of Lactating Dairy Cows by : Susan M. Noftsger
Download or read book Nutritional Strategies to Improve Nitrogen Efficiency and Reduce Nitrogen Excretion of Lactating Dairy Cows written by Susan M. Noftsger and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The mechanism of action of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid and its effects on N efficiency, ruminal variables, and milk production and composition were examined. In Trial 1, metabolizable protein (MP) supply and AA balance was manipulated through selection of highly digestible RUP sources and Met supplementation. Treatments were: 1) 18.3% crude protein with low estimated intestinal digestibility of RUP; 2) 18.3% CP with high digestibility RUP; 3) 16.9% CP with high digestibility RUP; and 4) 17.0% CP with high digestibility RUP and supplemental Met. Supplementing the highly digestible RUP source with rumen available and rumen escape sources of Met resulted in maximal milk and protein production and maximum N efficiency by cows during the production trial. In Trial 2, continuous culture fermenters were used to determine the optimal concentration of HMB for digestibility of carbohydrates and synthesis of microbial N. Treatments were three concentrations of HMB (0, 0.055, and 0.110 %) and one concentration of dl-Met (0.097%). Digestibility of carbohydrate, other than ADF, was largely insensitive to treatment. Differences in concentration and production of individual VFA were seen and the proportion of bacterial N produced from NH3-N decreased linearly with increasing HMB. This suggests that supplementation of HMB may have a sparing effect on branched chain volatile fatty acids. In trial 3, eight cows were used to examine the passage of HMB from the rumen, ruminal effects of HMB, and effects on production, N utilization, VFA, and protozoa. Samples of omasal fluid were used to determine the amount of Met supplements passing out of the rumen. Treatments were: (1) no methionine (2) 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid at 0.10% of DM; (3) isopropyl HMB at 0.13% of DM; and (4) dl-methionine at 0.088% of DM. Digestibility in the rumen was not different. Protozoa were increased numerically in the omasum by HMB and HMBi treatments. The percentage of HMB that passed into the omasum was 5.3%. Only a small amount of HMBi was found as HMB in the omasum (2.3%).
Book Synopsis Protein and Amino acid nutrition by : Anthony Albanese
Download or read book Protein and Amino acid nutrition written by Anthony Albanese and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein and Amino Acid Nutrition describes the state of knowledge concerning the nutrition of proteins and amino acids. Topics range from the effect of some therapeutic agents on protein and amino acid nutrition, to species and age differences in amino acid requirements; utilization of D-amino acids; effect of proteins and amino acids on the growth of adult tissue in vitro; and amino acid requirements of animals and young adults. This volume is organized into 16 chapters and begins with an overview of the nutritional implications of the metabolic interrelationships of amino acids. The next chapters discuss experiments that tested the differences in amino acid requirements due to the differences in age and in species among animals, the biochemical individuality of amino acid requirements, and the utilization of dietary proteins. This book explains the synthesis of tissue proteins in relation to the essential amino acids; the link between food energy and nitrogen metabolism; and the use of the repletion method to measure the nutritive value of proteins, protein hydrolyzates, and amino acid mixtures. The final chapter discusses the nutritional needs of the older age groups. This book is intended for scientists, students, and researchers interested in human and animal nutrition.
Book Synopsis Nutrient Management of Food Animals to Enhance and Protect the Environment by : E.T. Kornegay
Download or read book Nutrient Management of Food Animals to Enhance and Protect the Environment written by E.T. Kornegay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-05-22 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrient management is an important aspect of feeding livestock and poultry. Today, there is more attention directed toward this issue in animal production than ever before. The heightened awareness of the environmental impacts associated with animal production has caused animal nutritionists to refocus their thoughts, practices, and expectations regarding how nutrients are supplied to animals. In addition, the increase in the size and intensity of modern production units demands new technologies for enhancing nutrient utilization and for reducing the amount of nutrients excreted. Covering these issues and more, Nutrient Management of Food Animals to Enhance and Protect the Environment is a reference tool for agricultural industry leaders, private practitioners, government agencies, and researchers.
Book Synopsis Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition by : W. Haresign
Download or read book Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition written by W. Haresign and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition-1981 is a collection of papers that discusses the effects of dietary fat on milk composition, relating it to the biochemistry of fat synthesis in the mammary gland. The influence of concentrates on milk composition as well as the pattern and level of concentrate feeding on milk output are also covered. The book describes the need for better utilization of grass and grass products in dairy production, the mineral and trace element requirements of pigs; the importance of anion-cation balance in poultry diets and its effects on performance levels; and the selenium and cobalt requirements of ruminants. The problems of medicinal residues in animal products and the toxicological effects of aflatoxin residues in animal products are also considered. People involved in agriculture, dairy production and animal nutrition will find the book useful.
Download or read book NorFor - written by Harald Volden and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NorFor is a semi-mechanistic feed evaluation system for cattle, which is used by advisors in Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. This book describes in detail the system and it covers five main sections. The first is concerned with information on feed characteristics, feed analysis and feed digestion methods. The second section describes the digestion and metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract and the supply and requirement of energy and metabolizable amino acids. The third section considers the prediction of feed intake and physical structure of the diet. The fourth section focuses on model evaluation and the final section provides information on the IT solutions and feed ration formulation by a non-linear economical optimization procedure. This book will be of significant interest to researchers, students and advisors of cattle nutrition and feed evaluation.
Book Synopsis INRA feeding system for ruminants by : INRA
Download or read book INRA feeding system for ruminants written by INRA and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-11-27 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The INRA Feeding System for Ruminants has been renewed to better address emerging challenges for animal nutrition: prevision of productive responses, product quality, animal health and emissions to the environment, in a larger extent of breeding contexts. The new system is mainly built from meta-analyses of large data bases, and modelling. The dietary supply model accounts for digestive interactions and flows of individual nutrients, so that feed values depend on the final ration. Animal requirements account for variability in metabolic efficiency. Various productive and non-productive animal responses to diets are quantified. This book presents the whole system for dairy and meat, large and small ruminant production, including specificities for tropical and Mediterranean areas. The first two sections present biological concepts and equations (with their field of application and statistical accuracy) used to predict intake (including at grazing) and nutrient supply (Section 1), animal’s requirements and multiple responses to diets (Section 2). They apply to net energy, metabolisable protein and amino acids, water, minerals and vitamins. Section 3 presents the use of concepts and equations in rationing with two purposes: (1) diet calculation for a given performance objective; and (2) prediction of the multiple responses of animal to diet changes. Section 4 displays the tables of feed values, and their prevision. All the equations and concepts are embedded in the fifth version of INRAtion® software for practical use.
Book Synopsis Modelling Nutrient Utilization in Farm Animals by : J. P. McNamara
Download or read book Modelling Nutrient Utilization in Farm Animals written by J. P. McNamara and published by CABI. This book was released on 2000 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes current research in modelling nutrient use in farm animals, from cellular to ecosystem level. The chapters are developed from papers presented at a satellite meeting of the 9th International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology, held in South Africa in October 1999.Excellent papers from a top list of contributorsEditors of great reputationCovers the current topics of interest
Book Synopsis Nutritional Strategies to Optimize Efficiency of Nitrogen Use by Lactating Dairy Cows by : Jan Schuba
Download or read book Nutritional Strategies to Optimize Efficiency of Nitrogen Use by Lactating Dairy Cows written by Jan Schuba and published by . This book was released on 2018* with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amino-acids; cattle; excretion; goats; nitrogen; recommendations; ruminants; sheep; supply; urea
Book Synopsis Nutrition and Lactation in the Dairy Cow by : Philip C. Garnsworthy
Download or read book Nutrition and Lactation in the Dairy Cow written by Philip C. Garnsworthy and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1988 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Protein and Non-protein Nitrogen for Ruminants by :
Download or read book Protein and Non-protein Nitrogen for Ruminants written by and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1977 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synchronization of Energy and Protein Supply in the Rumen of Dairy Cows by : Teja Kaswari
Download or read book Synchronization of Energy and Protein Supply in the Rumen of Dairy Cows written by Teja Kaswari and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2004 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gut efficiency; the key ingredient in ruminant production by : Sylvie Andrieu
Download or read book Gut efficiency; the key ingredient in ruminant production written by Sylvie Andrieu and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-08-28 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globally, dairy and beef production has become an extremely competitive industry. While the world milk production is predicted to grow significantly by 2020 with the emergence of new consumers in developing countries, milk and meat production in the more establish markets now has to fulfil new societal needs beside the simple product supply: animal health, food safety, and production environmental impact are some of them. At the same time, the recent extreme increase in feed costs emphasizes again the key role of rumen and gut efficiency management in production economics. All these new thematic topics are central to the proper management of ruminant digestive process. Producers must endeavour to seek new technologies to improve production efficiency, animal health and production costs while keeping in mind the environmental impact these changes make. ‘Gut efficiency; the key ingredient in ruminant production’ brings together some of the world’s leading authorities in the field of ruminant nutrition and production. It considers the importance of digestive health in performance achievement together with novel strategies to manage it. It is aimed at nutritionists, veterinarians and animal producers as well as students and researchers studying animal and applied biological sciences.
Book Synopsis Relationship Between Mammary Gland Metabolism and Nitrogen Efficiency in the Lactating Dairy Cow by :
Download or read book Relationship Between Mammary Gland Metabolism and Nitrogen Efficiency in the Lactating Dairy Cow written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research was to evaluate the responses in mammary metabolism and milk protein yield when the mammary gland is exposed to different nutritional scenarios and to correlate these with efficiency of nitrogen utilization. Two trials were conducted using Latin square designs. The first trial evaluated three dietary CP levels (16.1, 14.6 and 13.2%) with or without abomasal infusion of the predicted limiting essential amino acids (EAA) on 14.6 and 13.2% CP diets. Milk and milk protein yields were not affected by treatment (average 35.4 kg/d and 1.03 kg/d, respectively); efficiency of use of dietary CP and MP increased, and urinary N excretion decreased, as dietary CP decreased. Infusions of EAA increased mammary clearance rate for the non-infused EAA, allowing for the same yield of milk protein despite lower arterial concentrations of these AA in the infused treatments. Overall, efficiency of N utilization did not appear to be affected by changes in mammary metabolism and was probably driven by reduced extra-mammary catabolism as AA supply was reduced. The second trial evaluated post-ruminal infusions of glucose, acetate and casein, alone or in combination. Glucose increased milk protein yield through greater mammary AA clearance rate and reduced AA oxidation within the gland, achieving a 58% efficiency of MP utilization. When glucose was infused with casein, the recovery of infused casein in milk protein was 47%. Acetate had no effect on milk protein yield. Under the condition of this experiment, cell signaling proteins were not affected by treatment and therefore did not help explain the responses to infused nutrients. In conclusion, glucose has a clear stimulating effect on milk protein synthesis and the mammary gland has the ability to increase the supply of nutrients to match its synthetic capacity. Both experiments demonstrated that the NRC (2001) model does not have the ability to predict the responses observed on either low (13.2%) CP diet or with glucose infusion. This indicates that the single nutrient-limiting nature of the NRC (2001) model, which milk and milk protein secretion based only on MP limitation, is insensitive to the interaction of glucose and MP supplies.
Book Synopsis Nutritional Strategies to Influence Milk Production, Composition, Processabilty and Nitrogen Excretion of Lactating Dairy Cows by : Zoe Charlotte McKay
Download or read book Nutritional Strategies to Influence Milk Production, Composition, Processabilty and Nitrogen Excretion of Lactating Dairy Cows written by Zoe Charlotte McKay and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Protein Nutrition in Dairy Cows by : Paulina Letelier
Download or read book Protein Nutrition in Dairy Cows written by Paulina Letelier and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The release of N into the environment is having a severe negative impact in the ecosystems and human health. The dairy industry is under pressure to improve the N utilization and reduce the N losses to the environment. This work comprises 1 meta-analysis, and 2 cow experiments that aimed to study the effect of protein nutrition, amino acids (AA), and sampling methodologies on cow performance, and N utilization responses of lactating dairy cows. The meta-analysis was conducted to determine the association of plasma essential AA (EAA) profile with cow performance and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN). A hierarchical clustering revealed 2 plasma EAA clusters. Cows in cluster 1 had lower proportion of Leu and Val and greater proportion of Phe, Lys, Ile and Thr in total plasma EAA, greater milk, protein and fat yield and numerically lower PUN than cows in cluster 2. Our findings suggested the existence of an association between the plasma EAA profile and productive performance. The first cow experiment evaluated three protocols to determine urinary urea-N (UUN) excretion, the end-product of N metabolism in dairy cows. Urinary urea-N excretion was lower when determined by spot sampling compared to bladder catheterization or via an external collection cup device. Urinary urea-N and creatinine concentration were greater for spot sampling than for bladder catheterization. Urine specific gravity explained 66.5, 73.2, and 32.1% of the variation in urine output for bladder catheterization, collection cup and spot sampling, respectively. Increasing salt in the diet tended to increase urine output, decrease urinary urea concentration as well as milk protein concentration and yield. Finally, the last cow experiment evaluated production performance of dairy cows when fed 4 levels of dietary crude protein (CP) at different stages of lactation. Milk energy output was influenced by the interaction between dietary CP and stage of lactation. At 180 days in milk, feeding diets with more than 16.3% up to 17.4% CP marginally increased milk energy output from 31.5 to 32.6 Mcal/d. At 270 days in milk, the predicted responses of milk energy output to dietary CP decreased, resulting in a marginal improvement (24.5 vs. 25.8 Mcal/d) when cows were fed diet with more than 15.6% up to 16.9% CP. Nitrogen use efficiency linearly decreased with increasing levels of dietary CP.
Book Synopsis Recent Developments in Ruminant Nutrition by : W Haresign
Download or read book Recent Developments in Ruminant Nutrition written by W Haresign and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Developments in Ruminant Nutrition presents papers that discuss the advancement of the different areas of ruminant nutrition. The book is comprised of 20 chapters that cover topics, such as reproduction, diet, and nutrition. The coverage of the text includes growth stimulation in ruminants; protein quantity and quality for the U.K. dairy cow; and complete-diet feeding of dairy cows. The book also covers rumen fermentation related topics, such as influence of nitrogen and carbohydrate inputs on rumen fermentation; aspects of the biochemistry of rumen fermentation and their implication in ruminant productivity; and manipulation of rumen fermentation. The text will be of great use to researchers and professionals in the animal husbandry industry.
