The Future of Nursing 2020-2030

Download The Future of Nursing 2020-2030 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780309685061
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (85 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Future of Nursing 2020-2030 by : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine

Download or read book The Future of Nursing 2020-2030 written by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The decade ahead will test the nation's nearly 4 million nurses in new and complex ways. Nurses live and work at the intersection of health, education, and communities. Nurses work in a wide array of settings and practice at a range of professional levels. They are often the first and most frequent line of contact with people of all backgrounds and experiences seeking care and they represent the largest of the health care professions. A nation cannot fully thrive until everyone - no matter who they are, where they live, or how much money they make - can live their healthiest possible life, and helping people live their healthiest life is and has always been the essential role of nurses. Nurses have a critical role to play in achieving the goal of health equity, but they need robust education, supportive work environments, and autonomy. Accordingly, at the request of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, on behalf of the National Academy of Medicine, an ad hoc committee under the auspices of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conducted a study aimed at envisioning and charting a path forward for the nursing profession to help reduce inequities in people's ability to achieve their full health potential. The ultimate goal is the achievement of health equity in the United States built on strengthened nursing capacity and expertise. By leveraging these attributes, nursing will help to create and contribute comprehensively to equitable public health and health care systems that are designed to work for everyone. The Future of Nursing 2020-2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity explores how nurses can work to reduce health disparities and promote equity, while keeping costs at bay, utilizing technology, and maintaining patient and family-focused care into 2030. This work builds on the foundation set out by The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health (2011) report.

Health Professions Education

Download Health Professions Education PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030913319X
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Health Professions Education by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Health Professions Education written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Institute of Medicine study Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001) recommended that an interdisciplinary summit be held to further reform of health professions education in order to enhance quality and patient safety. Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality is the follow up to that summit, held in June 2002, where 150 participants across disciplines and occupations developed ideas about how to integrate a core set of competencies into health professions education. These core competencies include patient-centered care, interdisciplinary teams, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, and informatics. This book recommends a mix of approaches to health education improvement, including those related to oversight processes, the training environment, research, public reporting, and leadership. Educators, administrators, and health professionals can use this book to help achieve an approach to education that better prepares clinicians to meet both the needs of patients and the requirements of a changing health care system.

The Future of Nursing

Download The Future of Nursing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309208955
Total Pages : 700 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Future of Nursing by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book The Future of Nursing written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-02-08 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Future of Nursing explores how nurses' roles, responsibilities, and education should change significantly to meet the increased demand for care that will be created by health care reform and to advance improvements in America's increasingly complex health system. At more than 3 million in number, nurses make up the single largest segment of the health care work force. They also spend the greatest amount of time in delivering patient care as a profession. Nurses therefore have valuable insights and unique abilities to contribute as partners with other health care professionals in improving the quality and safety of care as envisioned in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) enacted this year. Nurses should be fully engaged with other health professionals and assume leadership roles in redesigning care in the United States. To ensure its members are well-prepared, the profession should institute residency training for nurses, increase the percentage of nurses who attain a bachelor's degree to 80 percent by 2020, and double the number who pursue doctorates. Furthermore, regulatory and institutional obstacles-including limits on nurses' scope of practice-should be removed so that the health system can reap the full benefit of nurses' training, skills, and knowledge in patient care. In this book, the Institute of Medicine makes recommendations for an action-oriented blueprint for the future of nursing.

Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule

Download Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309124999
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-24 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the realm of health care, privacy protections are needed to preserve patients' dignity and prevent possible harms. Ten years ago, to address these concerns as well as set guidelines for ethical health research, Congress called for a set of federal standards now known as the HIPAA Privacy Rule. In its 2009 report, Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule: Enhancing Privacy, Improving Health Through Research, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information concludes that the HIPAA Privacy Rule does not protect privacy as well as it should, and that it impedes important health research.

Patient Safety and Quality

Download Patient Safety and Quality PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Department of Health and Human Services
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 592 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Patient Safety and Quality by : Ronda Hughes

Download or read book Patient Safety and Quality written by Ronda Hughes and published by Department of Health and Human Services. This book was released on 2008 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Nurses play a vital role in improving the safety and quality of patient car -- not only in the hospital or ambulatory treatment facility, but also of community-based care and the care performed by family members. Nurses need know what proven techniques and interventions they can use to enhance patient outcomes. To address this need, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), with additional funding from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, has prepared this comprehensive, 1,400-page, handbook for nurses on patient safety and quality -- Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. (AHRQ Publication No. 08-0043)." - online AHRQ blurb, http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nurseshdbk/

Nurses With Disabilities

Download Nurses With Disabilities PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 082611010X
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (261 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nurses With Disabilities by : Leslie Neal-Boylan

Download or read book Nurses With Disabilities written by Leslie Neal-Boylan and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2012-10-12 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " This is the first research-based book to confront workplace issues facing nurses who have disabilities. It not only examines in depth their experiences, roadblocks to successful employment, and misperceptions surrounding them, but also provides viable solutions for creating positive attitudes towards them and a welcoming work environment that fosters hiring and retention. From the perspectives and actual voices of nurses with disabilities, nurse leaders, nurse administrators, and patients, the book identifies nurses with disabilities (including sensory, musculoskeletal, emotional, and mental health issues), discusses why they choose to leave nursing or hide their disabilities, and analyzes how their disabilities may influence career choices. "

Health-Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination

Download Health-Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030946921X
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Health-Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Health-Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-04-02 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two programs that provide benefits based on disability: the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program and the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. This report analyzes health care utilizations as they relate to impairment severity and SSA's definition of disability. Health Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination identifies types of utilizations that might be good proxies for "listing-level" severity; that is, what represents an impairment, or combination of impairments, that are severe enough to prevent a person from doing any gainful activity, regardless of age, education, or work experience.

Integrating Social Care into the Delivery of Health Care

Download Integrating Social Care into the Delivery of Health Care PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309493439
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Integrating Social Care into the Delivery of Health Care by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Integrating Social Care into the Delivery of Health Care written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-01-30 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrating Social Care into the Delivery of Health Care: Moving Upstream to Improve the Nation's Health was released in September 2019, before the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic in March 2020. Improving social conditions remains critical to improving health outcomes, and integrating social care into health care delivery is more relevant than ever in the context of the pandemic and increased strains placed on the U.S. health care system. The report and its related products ultimately aim to help improve health and health equity, during COVID-19 and beyond. The consistent and compelling evidence on how social determinants shape health has led to a growing recognition throughout the health care sector that improving health and health equity is likely to depend â€" at least in part â€" on mitigating adverse social determinants. This recognition has been bolstered by a shift in the health care sector towards value-based payment, which incentivizes improved health outcomes for persons and populations rather than service delivery alone. The combined result of these changes has been a growing emphasis on health care systems addressing patients' social risk factors and social needs with the aim of improving health outcomes. This may involve health care systems linking individual patients with government and community social services, but important questions need to be answered about when and how health care systems should integrate social care into their practices and what kinds of infrastructure are required to facilitate such activities. Integrating Social Care into the Delivery of Health Care: Moving Upstream to Improve the Nation's Health examines the potential for integrating services addressing social needs and the social determinants of health into the delivery of health care to achieve better health outcomes. This report assesses approaches to social care integration currently being taken by health care providers and systems, and new or emerging approaches and opportunities; current roles in such integration by different disciplines and organizations, and new or emerging roles and types of providers; and current and emerging efforts to design health care systems to improve the nation's health and reduce health inequities.

Understanding Nursing and Healthcare Research

Download Understanding Nursing and Healthcare Research PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1473911524
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (739 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Understanding Nursing and Healthcare Research by : Patricia Cronin

Download or read book Understanding Nursing and Healthcare Research written by Patricia Cronin and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2014-12-01 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on enabling students to understand what research is, why it is relevant in healthcare and how it should be applied in practice. It takes the reader step by step through the research process, from choosing research questions through to searching the literature, analysing findings and presenting the final piece of work. Key features of the book are: Tips for the best practice when reading and critiquing research. Activities to test your knowledge. Key points which highlight the important topics. A companion website which includes a critical appraisal tool to use when assessing papers, multiple choice questions and free SAGE journal articles for students. Seminar plans and PowerPoint slides are provided to support lecturers in their teaching. It is essential reading for all undergraduate students of nursing, midwifery and healthcare.

The Future of the Nursing Workforce in the United States

Download The Future of the Nursing Workforce in the United States PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Jones & Bartlett Publishers
ISBN 13 : 0763756849
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (637 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Future of the Nursing Workforce in the United States by : Peter Buerhaus

Download or read book The Future of the Nursing Workforce in the United States written by Peter Buerhaus and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on 2009-10-06 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Future of the Nursing Workforce in the United States: Data, Trends and Implications provides a timely, comprehensive, and integrated body of data supported by rich discussion of the forces shaping the nursing workforce in the US. Using plain, jargon free language, the book identifies and describes the key changes in the current nursing workforce and provide insights about what is likely to develop in the future. The Future of the Nursing Workforce offers an in-depth discussion of specific policy options to help employers, educators, and policymakers design and implement actions aimed at strengthening the current and future RN workforce. The only book of its kind, this renowned author team presents extensive data, exhibits and tables on the nurse labor market, how the composition of the workforce is evolving, changes occurring in the work environment where nurses practice their profession, and on the publics opinion of the nursing profession.

Encyclopedia of Health Services Research

Download Encyclopedia of Health Services Research PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1452266115
Total Pages : 1457 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Health Services Research by : Ross M. Mullner

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Health Services Research written by Ross M. Mullner and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2009-05-15 with total page 1457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, as never before, healthcare has the ability to enhance the quality and duration of life. At the same time, healthcare has become so costly that it can easily bankrupt governments and impoverish individuals and families. Health services research is a highly multidisciplinary field, including such areas as health administration, health economics, medical sociology, medicine, , political science, public health, and public policy. The Encyclopedia of Health Services Research is the first single reference source to capture the diversity and complexity of the field. With more than 400 entries, these two volumes investigate the relationship between the factors of cost, quality, and access to healthcare and their impact upon medical outcomes such as death, disability, disease, discomfort, and dissatisfaction with care. Key Features Examines the growing healthcare crisis facing the United States Encompasses the structure, process, and outcomes of healthcare Aims to improve the equity, efficiency, effectiveness, and safety of healthcare by influencing and developing public policies Describes healthcare systems and issues from around the globe Key Themes Access to Care Accreditation, Associations, Foundations, and Research Organizations Biographies of Current and Past Leaders Cost of Care, Economics, Finance, and Payment Mechanisms Disease, Disability, Health, and Health Behavior Government and International Healthcare Organizations Health Insurance Health Professionals and Healthcare Organizations Health Services Research Laws, Regulations, and Ethics Measurement; Data Sources and Coding; and Research Methods Outcomes of Care Policy Issues, Healthcare Reform, and International Comparisons Public Health Quality and Safety of Care Special and Vulnerable Groups The Encyclopedia is designed to be an introduction to the various topics of health services research for an audience including undergraduate students, graduate students, andgeneral readers seeking non-technical descriptions of the field and its practices. It is also useful for healthcare practitioners wishing to stay abreast of the changes and updates in the field.

Knowledge Translation in Health Care

Download Knowledge Translation in Health Care PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1444357255
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Knowledge Translation in Health Care by : Sharon E. Straus

Download or read book Knowledge Translation in Health Care written by Sharon E. Straus and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-24 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health care systems worldwide are faced with the challenge of improving the quality of care. Providing evidence from health research is necessary but not sufficient for the provision of optimal care and so knowledge translation (KT), the scientific study of methods for closing the knowledge-to-action gap and of the barriers and facilitators inherent in the process, is gaining significance. Knowledge Translation in Health Care explains how to use research findings to improve health care in real life, everyday situations. The authors define and describe knowledge translation, and outline strategies for successful knowledge translation in practice and policy making. The book is full of examples of how knowledge translation models work in closing the gap between evidence and action. Written by a team of authors closely involved in the development of knowledge translation this unique book aims to extend understanding and implementation worldwide. It is an introductory guide to an emerging hot topic in evidence-based care and essential for health policy makers, researchers, managers, clinicians and trainees.

Using Nursing Research to Shape Health Policy

Download Using Nursing Research to Shape Health Policy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 0826170110
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (261 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Using Nursing Research to Shape Health Policy by : Patricia A. Grady, PhD, RN, FAAN

Download or read book Using Nursing Research to Shape Health Policy written by Patricia A. Grady, PhD, RN, FAAN and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2017-03-15 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examining the crucial interrelationship between nursing research and health policy, this book presents examples of specific health care policy that has been influenced, implemented, or changed as a result of nursing research. It builds on the discussion of this relationship as described in the editors' earlier book, Shaping Health Policy through Nursing Research, named a Doody's Core Title in 2013 and an AJN Book of the Year in 2011. This current edition updates earlier information with new nursing research by esteemed scholars. It encompasses research related to major policy statements of the decade, including the IOM Future of Nursing report, the Affordable Care Act, and the Blueprint for Genomics in Nursing, and highlights how they have influenced, and will continue to influence, health policy. Written for multiple audiences including undergraduate and graduate students, faculty, and nursing professionals, the book presents information on how science shapes health policy in general, models and strategies for linking research and health policy, and multiple examples of how major nursing research has influenced health policy. The text provides both a conceptual orientation and an operational approach to strategies linking research to policy and influencing policy makers at the organizational, community, state, national, and international levels. Key Features: Offers examples of cutting edge nursing research that provides a foundation for practice and policy Incorporates major policy directives of this decade and highlights how nursing research has influenced health policy Demonstrates to undergraduate and graduate students, faculty, and nursing professionals how nursing research can shape health policy decisions Includes perspectives, models and strategies for using nursing research to influence health policy Addresses how nursing research shapes policy at organizational, community, state, national, and international levels

Advancing the Nation's Health Needs

Download Advancing the Nation's Health Needs PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309094275
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advancing the Nation's Health Needs by : National Research Council

Download or read book Advancing the Nation's Health Needs written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-08-13 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is the twelfth assessment of the National Institutes of Health National Research Service Awards program. The research training needs of the country in basic biomedical, clinical, and behavioral and social sciences are considered. Also included are the training needs of oral health, nursing, and health services research. The report has been broadly constructed to take into account the rapidly evolving national and international health care needs. The past and present are analyzed, and predictions with regard to future needs are presented.

Health Care Comes Home

Download Health Care Comes Home PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309212405
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Health Care Comes Home by : National Research Council

Download or read book Health Care Comes Home written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-22 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, health care devices, technologies, and practices are rapidly moving into the home. The factors driving this migration include the costs of health care, the growing numbers of older adults, the increasing prevalence of chronic conditions and diseases and improved survival rates for people with those conditions and diseases, and a wide range of technological innovations. The health care that results varies considerably in its safety, effectiveness, and efficiency, as well as in its quality and cost. Health Care Comes Home reviews the state of current knowledge and practice about many aspects of health care in residential settings and explores the short- and long-term effects of emerging trends and technologies. By evaluating existing systems, the book identifies design problems and imbalances between technological system demands and the capabilities of users. Health Care Comes Home recommends critical steps to improve health care in the home. The book's recommendations cover the regulation of health care technologies, proper training and preparation for people who provide in-home care, and how existing housing can be modified and new accessible housing can be better designed for residential health care. The book also identifies knowledge gaps in the field and how these can be addressed through research and development initiatives. Health Care Comes Home lays the foundation for the integration of human health factors with the design and implementation of home health care devices, technologies, and practices. The book describes ways in which the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and federal housing agencies can collaborate to improve the quality of health care at home. It is also a valuable resource for residential health care providers and caregivers.

Crossing the Quality Chasm

Download Crossing the Quality Chasm PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309132967
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Crossing the Quality Chasm by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Crossing the Quality Chasm written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-19 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Second in a series of publications from the Institute of Medicine's Quality of Health Care in America project Today's health care providers have more research findings and more technology available to them than ever before. Yet recent reports have raised serious doubts about the quality of health care in America. Crossing the Quality Chasm makes an urgent call for fundamental change to close the quality gap. This book recommends a sweeping redesign of the American health care system and provides overarching principles for specific direction for policymakers, health care leaders, clinicians, regulators, purchasers, and others. In this comprehensive volume the committee offers: A set of performance expectations for the 21st century health care system. A set of 10 new rules to guide patient-clinician relationships. A suggested organizing framework to better align the incentives inherent in payment and accountability with improvements in quality. Key steps to promote evidence-based practice and strengthen clinical information systems. Analyzing health care organizations as complex systems, Crossing the Quality Chasm also documents the causes of the quality gap, identifies current practices that impede quality care, and explores how systems approaches can be used to implement change.

Finding What Works in Health Care

Download Finding What Works in Health Care PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309164257
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Finding What Works in Health Care by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Finding What Works in Health Care written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-07-20 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Healthcare decision makers in search of reliable information that compares health interventions increasingly turn to systematic reviews for the best summary of the evidence. Systematic reviews identify, select, assess, and synthesize the findings of similar but separate studies, and can help clarify what is known and not known about the potential benefits and harms of drugs, devices, and other healthcare services. Systematic reviews can be helpful for clinicians who want to integrate research findings into their daily practices, for patients to make well-informed choices about their own care, for professional medical societies and other organizations that develop clinical practice guidelines. Too often systematic reviews are of uncertain or poor quality. There are no universally accepted standards for developing systematic reviews leading to variability in how conflicts of interest and biases are handled, how evidence is appraised, and the overall scientific rigor of the process. In Finding What Works in Health Care the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 21 standards for developing high-quality systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research. The standards address the entire systematic review process from the initial steps of formulating the topic and building the review team to producing a detailed final report that synthesizes what the evidence shows and where knowledge gaps remain. Finding What Works in Health Care also proposes a framework for improving the quality of the science underpinning systematic reviews. This book will serve as a vital resource for both sponsors and producers of systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research.