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Numerical Simulation And Experimental Validation Of Fluid Flow And Mass Transfer In An Ammonothermal Crystal Growth Reactor
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Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of Fluid Flow and Mass Transfer in an Ammonothermal Crystal Growth Reactor by : Stefan Ilie Moldovan
Download or read book Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of Fluid Flow and Mass Transfer in an Ammonothermal Crystal Growth Reactor written by Stefan Ilie Moldovan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to their physical properties, gallium nitride crystals are in high demand in applications including light emitting diodes, high power and high frequency devices. One way of growing the crystals is the ammonothermal growth process. The process consists of chemical reactions occurring in reactors under high temperature and high pressure conditions. A basket of gallium nitride nutrient is inserted inside the reactor filled with ammonia and a mineralizer, whereupon gallium nitride is dissolved and transported by natural convection and then deposited onto the seeds. Because the etching and deposition reactions require temperatures in the range of 600 to 1,000 K (620 to 1,340 °F) and pressures in the range of 1,000 to 6,000 bar (14,504 to 87,022 psi), it is impossible to visualize the flow or measure its parameters. This dissertation presents a way to look inside an ammonothermal crystal growth reactor by simulating the process using CFD software. An equivalent reactor and crystal growth environment are created to provide experimental validation. The equivalent reactor respects geometric and dynamic similitude with respect to the actual ammonothermal crystal growth reactor. Experimental temperatures and velocities are recorded and compared with numerical results. Three turbulence models and the laminar model were tested. The laminar and the standard k-[omega] models performed better compared with experimental results. By simulating an equivalent reactor that allows visualization and measurements, the CFD model was validated. With the validated model, simulations of the actual growth process including mass transfer were performed. The wall temperature profile, the geometry of the nutrient basket, and the baffle were used as parameters to investigate their influence on the deposition rates. The temperatures on the outer walls of the reactor have a great influence on the deposition rate and can lead to etching of the seeds instead of crystal growing. The presence of a baffle inside the reactor also has a great influence on the deposition rates, and the need to find an optimal configurations became obvious. The geometry and the nature of the nutrient basket proved to be a great parameter to improve the deposition rates.
Book Synopsis Modelling of Transport Phenomena in Crystal Growth by : Janusz S. Szmyd
Download or read book Modelling of Transport Phenomena in Crystal Growth written by Janusz S. Szmyd and published by Computational Mechanics. This book was released on 2000 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The large crystals of semiconducting and superconducting materials used for electronic and optical devices are usually grown from the melt by Czochralski or Bridgman method and their quality is significantly affected by the melt flow and related heat and mass transfer. Recent intensive research activities in this area covering crystal growth in microgravity, crystal growth of superconducting materials, crystal growth in high pressure, the commercial development of pullers that can produce crystals with large diameters etc. have substantially raised the expectation for numerous new practical applications.
Book Synopsis Measurement of Crystal Growth and Nucleation Rates by : John Garside
Download or read book Measurement of Crystal Growth and Nucleation Rates written by John Garside and published by IChemE. This book was released on 2002 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous ed.: published as Measurement of crystal growth rates. Germany: European Federation of Chemical Engineering, Working Party on Crystallization, 1990.
Book Synopsis The Role of Convection and Fluid Flow in Solidification and Crystal Growth by : D. T. J. Hurle
Download or read book The Role of Convection and Fluid Flow in Solidification and Crystal Growth written by D. T. J. Hurle and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-12-01 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physicochemical Hydrodynamics: The Role of Convection and Fluid Flow in Solidification and Crystal Growth focuses on the processes, methodologies, reactions, and approaches involved in solidification and crystal growth brought about by convection and fluid flow. The selection first offers information on the techniques of crystal growth, convection in Czochralski growth melts, and Marangoni effects in crystal growth melts. Discussions focus on crystal growth under reduced gravity, Marangoni effects in growth from a crucible, thermocapillary convection in floating zones, near-field flow, Czochralski bulk flow, and melt, solution, and vapor growth. The text then examines the effect of convective flow on morphological stability and time-dependent natural convection in crystal growth systems. The manuscript elaborates on the effects of fluid flow on the solidification of industrial castings and ingots and application of holographic interferometry to hydrodynamic phenomena in crystal growth. Topics include effects of fluid flow on crystal structure, importance of macrosegregation defects in castings, value of convection in crystal growth, and occurrence of thermal oscillations in fluids. The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in the role of convection and fluid flow in solidification and crystal growth.
Book Synopsis Phase Change with Convection: Modelling and Validation by : Tomasz A. Kowalewski
Download or read book Phase Change with Convection: Modelling and Validation written by Tomasz A. Kowalewski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-04 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique volume offers a review of state-of-the-art modelling methods of phase change problems, numerical and experimental methods used in the field. It combines the experience of theoreticians with those using numerical tools for modelling problems of solidification.
Book Synopsis Advances in Computer Simulation Studies on Crystal Growth by : Hiroki Nada
Download or read book Advances in Computer Simulation Studies on Crystal Growth written by Hiroki Nada and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-11-16 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Advances in Computer Simulation Studies on Crystal Growth" that was published in Crystals
Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation of Heat and Mass Transport During Space Crystal Growth with MEPHISTO by :
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Heat and Mass Transport During Space Crystal Growth with MEPHISTO written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chemical Vapor Transport, Secondary Nucleation, and Mass Transfer in Crystal Growth by : William R. Wilcox
Download or read book Chemical Vapor Transport, Secondary Nucleation, and Mass Transfer in Crystal Growth written by William R. Wilcox and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Crystal Growth from the Melt by : Georg Müller
Download or read book Crystal Growth from the Melt written by Georg Müller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1 The content ofthis article is based on a German book version ) which appeared at the end of the year 1986. The author tried to incorporate - as far as possible - new important results published in the last year. But the literature in the field of "convection and inhomogeneities in crystal growth from the melt" has increased so much in the meantime that the reader and the collegues should make allowance for any incompleteness, also in the case that their important contributions have not been cited. This could for example hold for problems related to the Czochralski growth. But especially for this topic the reader may be refered to the forthcoming volume of this series, which contains special contributions on "Surface Tension Driven Flow in Crystal Growth Melts" by D. Schwabe and on "Convection in Czochralski Melts" by M. Mihelcic, W. Uelhoff, H. Wenzl and K. Wingerath. The preparation of this manuscript has been supported by several women whose help is gratefully acknowledged by the autor: Mrs. Gisela Neuner for the type writing, Mrs. Abigail Sanders, Mrs. Fiona Eels and especially Prof. Nancy Haegel for their help in questions of the English language and Mrs. Christa Weber for reading corrections. Also the good cooperation with the Springer Verlag, especially Mrs. Bohlen and with the managing editor of Crystals, Prof. H. C. Freyhardt, who critically read the manuscript, is acknowledged.
Book Synopsis Experimental Validation of (Cd, Zn)Te Crystal Growth Model by : Toby David Rule
Download or read book Experimental Validation of (Cd, Zn)Te Crystal Growth Model written by Toby David Rule and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Crystal Growth Technology by : Hans J. Scheel
Download or read book Crystal Growth Technology written by Hans J. Scheel and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2008-02-26 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book top experts treat general thermodynamic aspects of crystal fabrication; numerical simulation of industrial growth processes; commercial production of bulk silicon, compound semiconductors, scintillation and oxide crystals; X-ray characterization; and crystal machining. Also, the role of crystal technology for renewable energy and for saving energy is discussed. It will be useful for scientists and engineers involved in crystal and epilayer fabrication as well as for teachers and graduate students in material science, chemical and metallurgical engineering, and micro- and optoelectronics, including nanotechnology.
Book Synopsis Trends in Crystal Growth Research by : George V. Karas
Download or read book Trends in Crystal Growth Research written by George V. Karas and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental and theoretical aspects of crystal growth and its applications, e.g. in devices, are within the scope of these new books. Experimental and theoretical contributions are included in the following fields: theory of nucleation and growth, molecular kinetics and transport phenomena, crystallisation in viscous media such as polymers and glasses; crystal growth of metals, minerals, semiconductors, superconductors, magnetics, inorganic, organic and biological substances in bulk or as thin films; molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapour deposition, growth of III-V and II-VI and other semiconductors; characterisation of single crystals by physical and chemical methods; apparatus, instrumentation and techniques for crystal growth, and purification methods; and multilayer heterostructures and their characterisation with an emphasis on crystal growth and epitaxial aspects of electronic materials.
Book Synopsis Numerical Simulations of Czochralski Growth of Single Crystals by : Qiang Xiao (author)
Download or read book Numerical Simulations of Czochralski Growth of Single Crystals written by Qiang Xiao (author) and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling Crystal Growth Rates from Solution by : Makoto Ohara
Download or read book Modeling Crystal Growth Rates from Solution written by Makoto Ohara and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1973 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation of Industrial Crystal Growth by : Axel Voigt
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Industrial Crystal Growth written by Axel Voigt and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Supercritical Water Cooled Reactor by : Yina Zhang
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Supercritical Water Cooled Reactor written by Yina Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Numerical Treatment of a Linear Model of Crystal Growth in a Vertical Bridgman Device by : Gerta Köster
Download or read book Numerical Treatment of a Linear Model of Crystal Growth in a Vertical Bridgman Device written by Gerta Köster and published by Herbert Utz Verlag. This book was released on 1996 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
