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Numerical Modelling Of Sooting Laminar Diffusion Flames At Elevated Pressures And Microgravity
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Book Synopsis Numerical Modelling of Sooting Laminar Diffusion Flames at Elevated Pressures and Microgravity by : Marc Robert Joseph Charest
Download or read book Numerical Modelling of Sooting Laminar Diffusion Flames at Elevated Pressures and Microgravity written by Marc Robert Joseph Charest and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation of AxiSymmetric Laminar Diffusion Flames with Soot by : Adhiraj Dasgupta
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of AxiSymmetric Laminar Diffusion Flames with Soot written by Adhiraj Dasgupta and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detailed numerical modeling of combustion phenomena, soot formation, and radi-ation is an active area of research. In this work a general-purpose, pressure-based,finite volume code for modeling laminar diffusion flames has been incorporatedinto the CFD code OpenFOAM. The code uses a mixture-averaged model for thecalculation of transport coefficients, and can be used to perform detailed modelingof multi-dimensional laminar flames using realistic molecular transport, and withdetailed chemical mechanisms containing hundreds of chemical species and reac-tions. Two soot models have been incorporated into the code: a semi-empiricaltwo-equation model, as well as a detailed Method of Moments with InterpolativeClosure (MOMIC). An emission-only, optically-thin radiation model has also beenincluded in the code to account for the radiative heat loss, and sophisticated radia-tion models with detailed calculations of spectral properties and radiative intensityhave also been included. The flame code showed excellent scalability on massivelydistributed, high-performance computer systems. The code has been validated bymodeling four axisymmetric, co-flowing laminar diffusion flames, and the resultshave been found to be mostly within experimental uncertainty, and comparableto results reported in the literature for the same and similar configurations. Anumber of parametric studies to study the effects of detailed gas-phase chemistry,soot models and radiation have also been performed on these flame configurations.It has been found that the flames considered in this work are all optically thin,and so the simple, emission-only, optically-thin radiation model can be used tomodel these flames with good accuracy and a reasonable computational effort. Inparticular, the detailed radiation models increase the computational cost by twoorders of magnitude, and thus their applicability in a detailed calculation may belimited.It was found that the two-equation soot model used in conjunction with a gas-phase mechanism that adequately describes the combustion of C2 hydrocarbons produces results in close agreement with experimental data for a 1-bar ethylene-airflame, a 10 bar methane-air flame, as well as an ethane-air flame at 10 bar. Thedetailed MOMIC soot model requires the use of a larger, more detailed gas-phasechemical mechanism containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) with fourrings, and thus the computational cost associated with the MOMIC soot modelis significantly higher. The detailed model was used to model the flames, andcomputed soot levels were within a factor of two of the experimental values, whichis typically considered good agreement considering the complex physics involved.The last flame studied using both the soot models was a N2 -diluted ethylene-airflame, in which the predicted values of major gas-phase species were seen to be closeto the experimental values, but the soot levels were off by an order of magnitude.Notwithstanding the lack of agreement with measurements for this flame, the flamesolver with the soot models was demonstrated to be a robust, scalable, and generalcode with potential applications to a variety of laminar flames in the non-premixed,partially premixed and premixed regimes.
Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation of Blow-out of Laminar Jet Diffusion Flame in Microgravity Environment by : Rajasekhar Venuturumilli
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Blow-out of Laminar Jet Diffusion Flame in Microgravity Environment written by Rajasekhar Venuturumilli and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Investigation of Ethylene Laminar Diffusion Flames at Sub-atmospheric Pressures to Simulate Microgravity by : Natalie Panek
Download or read book An Investigation of Ethylene Laminar Diffusion Flames at Sub-atmospheric Pressures to Simulate Microgravity written by Natalie Panek and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethylene/Air diffusion flames were studied at sub and super-atmospheric pressures to simulate a microgravity environment at fuel flow rates of 0.482 mg/s and 1.16 mg/s. Flame properties including flame dimensions, soot formation, temperature, and attachment mechanisms were investigated. Overall, luminous flame height decreased with decreasing pressure to the point of visible luminosity disappearance, resulting in blue flames. Flame width increased with decreasing pressure until the flame was almost spherical. Soot formation decreased with decreasing pressure to negligible concentrations in a near vacuum. At 0.482 mg/s, the percentage of carbon converted into soot was between 0.01% and 0.12%, whereas at 1.16 mg/s, this percentage was between 0.5% and 11% at sub-atmospheric pressures. Maximum flame temperatures increased with decreasing pressure. Regardless of fuel flow rate, the diffusion flames remained attached to the exterior of the burner. This attachment point moved further down the burner exterior as pressure decreased until a near vacuum.
Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation of an Enclosed Laminar Jet Diffusion Flame in Microgravity Environment by : Kezhong Jia
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of an Enclosed Laminar Jet Diffusion Flame in Microgravity Environment written by Kezhong Jia and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Numerical Methods in Laminar Flame Propagation by : Norbert Peters
Download or read book Numerical Methods in Laminar Flame Propagation written by Norbert Peters and published by Springer-Verlag. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Second International Microgravity Combustion Workshop by :
Download or read book The Second International Microgravity Combustion Workshop written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation of Laminar Diffusion Flames by : International Business Machines Corporation. Research Division
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Laminar Diffusion Flames written by International Business Machines Corporation. Research Division and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Soot Formation in Laminar Jet Diffusion Flames at Elevated Pressures by :
Download or read book Soot Formation in Laminar Jet Diffusion Flames at Elevated Pressures written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Elevated Pressure on Soot Formation in Laminar Diffusion Flames by : L. L. McCrain
Download or read book Effects of Elevated Pressure on Soot Formation in Laminar Diffusion Flames written by L. L. McCrain and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Direct Numerical Simulations of Strained Laminar and Turbulent Nonpremixed Flames by : Chunsang Yoo
Download or read book Direct Numerical Simulations of Strained Laminar and Turbulent Nonpremixed Flames written by Chunsang Yoo and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Combustion Measurements by : Norman Chigier
Download or read book Combustion Measurements written by Norman Chigier and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-04-01 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book begins with an introduction to the general problems of making measurements in high temperature and a presentation of chemically reacting flow systems. It describes each instrument with the various diagnostic techniques and discusses measurements that have been made in furnaces, flames, and rocket engines. The detailed measurement techniques described in this book cover a wide spectrum of applications in combustion systems, including gas turbine, rocket measurement techniques that were developed in laboratories. Information obtained on detailed temperature, velocity, particle size, and gas concentration distribution is leading to improve understanding of the chemical combustion process and to design imporvements in combustors.
Book Synopsis Microgravity Combustion by : Howard D. Ross
Download or read book Microgravity Combustion written by Howard D. Ross and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-09-03 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introduction to understanding combustion, the burning of a substance that produces heat and often light, in microgravity environments-i.e., environments with very low gravity such as outer space. Readers are presented with a compilation of worldwide findings from fifteen years of research and experimental tests in various low-gravity environments, including drop towers, aircraft, and space.Microgravity Combustion is unique in that no other book reviews low- gravity combustion research in such a comprehensive manner. It provides an excellent introduction for those researching in the fields of combustion, aerospace, and fluid and thermal sciences. * An introduction to the progress made in understanding combustion in a microgravity environment* Experimental, theoretical and computational findings of current combustion research* Tutorial concepts, such as scaling analysis* Worldwide microgravity research findings
Book Synopsis A Gallery of Combustion and Fire by : Charles E. Baukal, Jr.
Download or read book A Gallery of Combustion and Fire written by Charles E. Baukal, Jr. and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Gallery of Combustion and Fire is the first book to provide a graphical perspective of the extremely visual phenomenon of combustion in full color. It is designed primarily to be used in parallel with, and supplement existing combustion textbooks that are usually in black and white, making it a challenge to visualize such a graphic phenomenon. Each image includes a description of how it was generated, which is detailed enough for the expert but simple enough for the novice. Processes range from small scale academic flames up to full scale industrial flames under a wide range of conditions such as low and normal gravity, atmospheric to high pressures, actual and simulated flames, and controlled and uncontrolled flames. Containing over 500 color images, with over 230 contributors from over 75 organizations, this volume is a valuable asset for experts and novices alike.
Book Synopsis Mathematical Models of Combustion at High Pressure by : Daniel Fong
Download or read book Mathematical Models of Combustion at High Pressure written by Daniel Fong and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, we develop new mathematical theories of flame propagation that are valid at elevated, or extreme, pressures. Of particular interest is the regime of burning in which the pressure exceeds the critical pressure of the species undergoing chemical reaction. Fluids and flames are known to behave differently under these extreme conditions as opposed to atmospheric pressure. The focus of this dissertation is to investigate these differences by deriving reduced models that contain the unique features. In the first part of this dissertation, we analyze the structure of laminar diffusion flames at high pressure in the limit of large activation energy for the particular configuration of a steady flame in counterflow. We consider a dense fluid in which normal Fickian diffusion of the fuel is limited, and thermal diffusion, i.e., the Soret effect, is the dominant mechanism for fuel mass transport. Temperature and species profiles, as well as flame temperature and location, are determined as a function of Damköhler number and Soret diffusion coefficient. In particular, we find that oxidant is entirely consumed by the flame, while some fuel leaks through. For light fuels, the fuel profile is found to have a local peak on the oxidant side as a result of thermal diffusion. Our analysis includes a description of extinction phenomenon, including explicit criteria in terms of the Soret diffusion coefficient, ratio of temperature of the two streams, and the Damköhler number at extinction. In the second part of this dissertation, we derive an asymptotic theory of laminar premixed flames in high density fluids in the limit of large activation energy. The model is intended to provide insights into the structure and dynamics of deflagration waves in high pressure, dense fluids where normal Fickian diffusion is limited. In such cases, particularly under conditions exceeding the thermodynamic critical point of the fluid, the primary mode of species transport is through thermal diffusion, i.e., the Soret effect. Such a model for diffusive transport is considered, and we derive a model with an explicit dependence on the Soret effect for a one-step overall reaction. The density is assumed sufficiently high to adopt a constant density formulation. The local reaction-diffusion structure is found to be fundamentally different from that of an ideal gas with Fickian diffusion, which results in new conditions relating the equations for thermal and mass transport in the bulk flow. The model is used to investigate the basic structure of planar flames, as well as their stability. Stability boundaries are identified that mark the transition from planar to either steady, spatially periodic structures, or time-dependent modes of propagation. The combined effects of the Soret diffusion coefficient and Lewis number are discussed. Furthermore, a weakly nonlinear analysis of the derived model is carried out, resulting in a modified Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (K-S) equation, accounting for effects of Soret Diffusion. Linear stability analysis shows that the flame front is unstable with respect to long-waves in a range of Soret diffusion coefficient that corresponds to no and weak Soret effect. However, there exists a range of Soret diffusion coefficient for which a flame front is unconditionally stable.
Book Synopsis High-Fidelity Modeling of Buoyancy-Driven Diffusion Flames Towards Fire Suppression by : Bifen Wu
Download or read book High-Fidelity Modeling of Buoyancy-Driven Diffusion Flames Towards Fire Suppression written by Bifen Wu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Buoyancy-driven diffusion flames have been widely studied as a canonical fire configuration due to practical and scientific interests. Numerical investigations are conducted in this dissertation to improve understandings of interactions and couplings among turbulence, chemistry, soot, and multiphase radiation in buoyancy-driven diffusion flames. A high-fidelity modeling framework based on OpenFOAM-5.x, including detailed models for chemistry, radiation, and soot, is developed to improve the numerical accuracy and the computational efficiency with scale-resolved simulations. A Monte Carlo ray tracing (MCRT) based radiation solver coupled with line-by-line databases is developed to describe gas and soot radiation. Detailed and efficient radiation models for water mists are developed and coupled with the MCRT solver. An adaptive hybrid integration chemistry solver is implemented to speed up finite-rate chemistry integration. A semi-empirical two-equation soot model is incorporated to describe soot dynamics. The developed multi-physical platform is systematically verified through a series of combustion-radiation systems including a laminar ethylene diffusion flame and four laminar methane diffusion flames with good agreement. The developed platform is subsequently employed to investigate a laboratory-scale turbulent pool fire. Good agreement with experiments on radiative heat fluxes, and with theories on flame temperature, velocity and puffing frequency, is achieved. Detailed investigations on interactions among chemistry, soot, radiation, and turbulence are performed to gain physical insights on modeling chemistry, soot and radiation. Drawn on the database from high-fidelity pool fire simulations, three physics-based reduced-order models including a flamelet model considering re-absorption, an optimized two-step mechanism for chemistry, and a simple soot model based on the laminar smoke point concept, are developed. Encouraging results are obtained using the reduced-order models with considerable savings in computational cost. Finally, to investigate radiative attenuation of water mists in fire suppression, a radiation model considering anisotropic scattering for water mists is developed and validated against theoretical values, and is adopted to obtain benchmark results for development of reduced-order radiation models.
Book Synopsis Effects of Pressure on the Mechanisms of Soot Formation and Oxidation in Laminar Diffusion Flames by : Chul Han Kim
Download or read book Effects of Pressure on the Mechanisms of Soot Formation and Oxidation in Laminar Diffusion Flames written by Chul Han Kim and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
