Number Theory Through The Eyes Of Sophie Germain

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Number Theory Through the Eyes of Sophie Germain

Author : David Pengelley
Publisher : American Mathematical Society
ISBN 13 : 1470472201
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Number Theory Through the Eyes of Sophie Germain by : David Pengelley

Download or read book Number Theory Through the Eyes of Sophie Germain written by David Pengelley and published by American Mathematical Society. This book was released on 2023-06-29 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Number Theory Through the Eyes of Sophie Germain: An Inquiry Course is an innovative textbook for an introductory number theory course. Sophie Germain (1776–1831) was largely self-taught in mathematics and, two centuries ago, in solitude, devised and implemented a plan to prove Fermat's Last Theorem. We have only recently completely understood this work from her unpublished letters and manuscripts. David Pengelley has been a driving force in unraveling this mystery and here he masterfully guides his readers along a path of discovery. Germain, because of her circumstances as the first woman to do important original mathematical research, was forced to learn most of what we now include in an undergraduate number theory course for herself. Pengelley has taken excerpts of her writings (and those of others) and, by asking his readers to decipher them, skillfully leads us through an inquiry-based course in elementary number theory. It is a detective story on multiple levels. What is Sophie Germain thinking? What do her mathematical writings mean? How do we understand what she knew and what she was trying to do, where she succeeded and where she didn't? Number Theory Through the Eyes of Sophie Germainis simultaneously a masterpiece of historical scholarship, a guide to reading and teaching from primary-source historical documents, an inquiry-based textbook for introductory number theory, and the riveting story of a major, but still unappreciated, mathematician. Work is required of the reader. Readers are carefully guided to discover and prove almost all results for themselves in a sequence of scaffolded exploratory tasks with hints, fully integrated with the narrative. The difficulty of the inquiry tasks varies considerably, but the author provides the reader with appropriately helpful guidance at every step. An introductory number theory course taught with this text would be a remarkable, potentially life-changing, experience. —Stephen Kennedy, Carleton College and MAA Press

Sophie Germain

Author : Shauna L. Hoffman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (341 download)

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Book Synopsis Sophie Germain by : Shauna L. Hoffman

Download or read book Sophie Germain written by Shauna L. Hoffman and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Graph Theory

Author : Karin R Saoub
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429779879
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (297 download)

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Book Synopsis Graph Theory by : Karin R Saoub

Download or read book Graph Theory written by Karin R Saoub and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-03-17 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graph Theory: An Introduction to Proofs, Algorithms, and Applications Graph theory is the study of interactions, conflicts, and connections. The relationship between collections of discrete objects can inform us about the overall network in which they reside, and graph theory can provide an avenue for analysis. This text, for the first undergraduate course, will explore major topics in graph theory from both a theoretical and applied viewpoint. Topics will progress from understanding basic terminology, to addressing computational questions, and finally ending with broad theoretical results. Examples and exercises will guide the reader through this progression, with particular care in strengthening proof techniques and written mathematical explanations. Current applications and exploratory exercises are provided to further the reader’s mathematical reasoning and understanding of the relevance of graph theory to the modern world. Features The first chapter introduces graph terminology, mathematical modeling using graphs, and a review of proof techniques featured throughout the book The second chapter investigates three major route problems: eulerian circuits, hamiltonian cycles, and shortest paths. The third chapter focuses entirely on trees – terminology, applications, and theory. Four additional chapters focus around a major graph concept: connectivity, matching, coloring, and planarity. Each chapter brings in a modern application or approach. Hints and Solutions to selected exercises provided at the back of the book. Author Karin R. Saoub is an Associate Professor of Mathematics at Roanoke College in Salem, Virginia. She earned her PhD in mathematics from Arizona State University and BA from Wellesley College. Her research focuses on graph coloring and on-line algorithms applied to tolerance graphs. She is also the author of A Tour Through Graph Theory, published by CRC Press.

Marvels of Science

Author : Kendall Haven
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313090009
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Marvels of Science by : Kendall Haven

Download or read book Marvels of Science written by Kendall Haven and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 1994-04-15 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These 50 tales take just minutes to read but amply illustrate scientific principles and the evolution of science through history. Discussion questions and additional references are included and stories are cross-indexed by year of occurrence and by scientist. Focusing on the characters, events, and moments of genius that comprise the story of science, these 50 short reads are ideal for both read-alouds and reading assignments. The tales take just minutes to read but amply illustrate scientific principles and the evolution of science through history. Discussion questions and additional references correlate each story with elements of the science curriculum and provide direction for students to pursue their own discoveries. Stories are cross-indexed by year of occurrence and by scientist.

A Primer of Analytic Number Theory

Author : Jeffrey Stopple
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521012539
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis A Primer of Analytic Number Theory by : Jeffrey Stopple

Download or read book A Primer of Analytic Number Theory written by Jeffrey Stopple and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-06-23 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An undergraduate-level 2003 introduction whose only prerequisite is a standard calculus course.

Nothing Stopped Sophie

Author : Cheryl Bardoe
Publisher : Little, Brown Books for Young Readers
ISBN 13 : 0316394297
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (163 download)

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Book Synopsis Nothing Stopped Sophie by : Cheryl Bardoe

Download or read book Nothing Stopped Sophie written by Cheryl Bardoe and published by Little, Brown Books for Young Readers. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The true story of eighteenth-century mathematician Sophie Germain, who solved the unsolvable to achieve her dream. When her parents took away her candles to keep their young daughter from studying math...nothing stopped Sophie. When a professor discovered that the homework sent to him under a male pen name came from a woman...nothing stopped Sophie. And when she tackled a math problem that male scholars said would be impossible to solve...still, nothing stopped Sophie. For six years Sophie Germain used her love of math and her undeniable determination to test equations that would predict patterns of vibrations. She eventually became the first woman to win a grand prize from France's prestigious Academy of Sciences for her formula, which laid the groundwork for much of modern architecture (and can be seen in the book's illustrations). Award-winning author Cheryl Bardoe's inspiring and poetic text is brought to life by acclaimed artist Barbara McClintock's intricate pen-and-ink, watercolor, and collage illustrations in this true story about a woman who let nothing stop her.

ENC Focus Review

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis ENC Focus Review by :

Download or read book ENC Focus Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The ABC’s of Science

Author : Giuseppe Mussardo
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030551695
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis The ABC’s of Science by : Giuseppe Mussardo

Download or read book The ABC’s of Science written by Giuseppe Mussardo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-05 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science, with its inherent tension between the known and the unknown, is an inexhaustible mine of great stories. Collected here are twenty-six among the most enchanting tales, one for each letter of the alphabet: the main characters are scientists of the highest caliber most of whom, however, are unknown to the general public. This book goes from A to Z. The letter A stands for Abel, the great Norwegian mathematician, here involved in an elliptic thriller about a fundamental theorem of mathematics, while the letter Z refers to Absolute Zero, the ultimate and lowest temperature limit, - 273,15 degrees Celsius, a value that is tremendously cooler than the most remote corner of the Universe: the race to reach this final outpost of coldness is not yet complete, but, similarly to the history books of polar explorations at the beginning of the 20th century, its pages record successes, failures, fierce rivalries and tragic desperations. In between the A and the Z, the other letters of the alphabet are similar to the various stages of a very fascinating journey along the paths of science, a journey in the company of a very unique set of characters as eccentric and peculiar as those in Ulysses by James Joyce: the French astronomer who lost everything, even his mind, to chase the transits of Venus; the caustic Austrian scientist who, perfectly at ease with both the laws of psychoanalysis and quantum mechanics, revealed the hidden secrets of dreams and the periodic table of chemical elements; the young Indian astrophysicist who was the first to understand how a star dies, suffering the ferocious opposition of his mentor for this discovery. Or the Hungarian physicist who struggled with his melancholy in the shadows of the desert of Los Alamos; or the French scholar who was forced to hide her femininity behind a false identity so as to publish fundamental theorems on prime numbers. And so on and so forth. Twenty-six stories, which reveal the most authentic atmosphere of science and the lives of some of its main players: each story can be read in quite a short period of time -- basically the time it takes to get on and off the train between two metro stations. Largely independent from one another, these twenty-six stories make the book a harmonious polyphony of several voices: the reader can invent his/her own very personal order for the chapters simply by ordering the sequence of letters differently. For an elementary law of Mathematics, this can give rise to an astronomically large number of possible books -- all the same, but - then again - all different. This book is therefore the ideal companion for an infinite number of real or metaphoric journeys.

Dirichlet

Author : Uta C. Merzbach
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030010732
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Dirichlet by : Uta C. Merzbach

Download or read book Dirichlet written by Uta C. Merzbach and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-29 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first extensive biography of the influential German mathematician, Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (1805 – 1859). Dirichlet made major contributions to number theory in addition to clarifying concepts such as the representation of functions as series, the theory of convergence, and potential theory. His mathematical methodology was explicitly based on a thorough knowledge of the work of his predecessors and his belief in the underlying unity of the branches of mathematics. This unified approach is exemplified in a paper that effectively launched the field of analytic number theory. The same orientation pervaded his teaching, which had a profound influence on the work of many mathematicians of subsequent generations. Chapters dealing with his mathematical work alternate with biographical chapters that place Dirichlet’s life and those of some of his notable associates in the context of the political, social, and artistic culture of the period. This book will appeal not only to mathematicians but also to historians of mathematics and sciences, and readers interested in the cultural and intellectual history of the nineteenth century.

Prime Suspects

Author : Andrew Granville
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691188734
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Prime Suspects by : Andrew Granville

Download or read book Prime Suspects written by Andrew Granville and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-06 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An outrageous graphic novel that investigates key concepts in mathematics Integers and permutations—two of the most basic mathematical objects—are born of different fields and analyzed with separate techniques. Yet when the Mathematical Sciences Investigation team of crack forensic mathematicians, led by Professor Gauss, begins its autopsies of the victims of two seemingly unrelated homicides, Arnie Integer and Daisy Permutation, they discover the most extraordinary similarities between the structures of each body. Prime Suspects is a graphic novel that takes you on a voyage of forensic discovery, exploring some of the most fundamental ideas in mathematics. Travel with Detective von Neumann as he leaves no clue unturned, from shepherds’ huts in the Pyrenees to secret societies in the cafés of Paris, from the hidden codes in the music of the stones to the grisly discoveries in Finite Fields. Tremble at the ferocity of the believers in deep and rigid abstraction. Feel the frustration—and the excitement—of our young heroine, Emmy Germain, as she blazes a trail for women in mathematical research and learns from Professor Gauss, the greatest forensic detective of them all. Beautifully drawn and exquisitely detailed, Prime Suspects is unique, astonishing, and witty—a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to experience mathematics like never before.

Mathematical Expeditions

Author : Reinhard Laubenbacher
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461205239
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Mathematical Expeditions by : Reinhard Laubenbacher

Download or read book Mathematical Expeditions written by Reinhard Laubenbacher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stories of five mathematical journeys into new realms, pieced together from the writings of the explorers themselves. Some were guided by mere curiosity and the thrill of adventure, others by more practical motives. In each case the outcome was a vast expansion of the known mathematical world and the realisation that still greater vistas remain to be explored. The authors tell these stories by guiding readers through the very words of the mathematicians at the heart of these events, providing an insightinto the art of approaching mathematical problems. The five chapters are completely independent, with varying levels of mathematical sophistication, and will attract students, instructors, and the intellectually curious reader. By working through some of the original sources and supplementary exercises, which discuss and solve -- or attempt to solve -- a great problem, this book helps readers discover the roots of modern problems, ideas, and concepts, even whole subjects. Students will also see the obstacles that earlier thinkers had to clear in order to make their respective contributions to five central themes in the evolution of mathematics.

Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters

Author : James J. Tattersall
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521585316
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (853 download)

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Book Synopsis Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters by : James J. Tattersall

Download or read book Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters written by James J. Tattersall and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-10-14 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended to serve as a one-semester introductory course in number theory. Throughout the book a historical perspective has been adopted and emphasis is given to some of the subject's applied aspects; in particular the field of cryptography is highlighted. At the heart of the book are the major number theoretic accomplishments of Euclid, Fermat, Gauss, Legendre, and Euler, and to fully illustrate the properties of numbers and concepts developed in the text, a wealth of exercises have been included. It is assumed that the reader will have 'pencil in hand' and ready access to a calculator or computer. For students new to number theory, whatever their background, this is a stimulating and entertaining introduction to the subject.

Solved and Unsolved Problems in Number Theory

Author : Daniel Shanks
Publisher : American Mathematical Society
ISBN 13 : 1470476452
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Solved and Unsolved Problems in Number Theory by : Daniel Shanks

Download or read book Solved and Unsolved Problems in Number Theory written by Daniel Shanks and published by American Mathematical Society. This book was released on 2024-01-24 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The investigation of three problems, perfect numbers, periodic decimals, and Pythagorean numbers, has given rise to much of elementary number theory. In this book, Daniel Shanks, past editor of Mathematics of Computation, shows how each result leads to further results and conjectures. The outcome is a most exciting and unusual treatment. This edition contains a new chapter presenting research done between 1962 and 1978, emphasizing results that were achieved with the help of computers.

Sophie Germain

Author : L.L. Bucciarelli
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9027711356
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (277 download)

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Book Synopsis Sophie Germain by : L.L. Bucciarelli

Download or read book Sophie Germain written by L.L. Bucciarelli and published by Springer. This book was released on 1980-10-31 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why should the story of a woman's role in the development of a scientific theory be written? Is it to celebrate, as some have done, the heroism of a woman's struggle in a man's world? Or is it, rather~to demonstrate that gender is irrelevant to the march of scientific ideas? This book hopes to do neither. Rather, it intends to do justice both to the professional life of a woman in science and to the development of the theory with which she was engaged. Technically, this essay centers on Sophie Germain's analysis of the modes of vibration of elastic surfaces, work which won a competition set by the French Academy of Sciences in 1809. It also evaluates related work on the mathematical theory of elasticity done by men of the Academy. Biographically, it is about a woman who believed in the greatness of science and strove, with some measure of success, to participate in that noble, but wholly male-dominated, enterprise. It explores her failures, analyzes her success, and describes how the members of the Parisian scientific community dealt with her offerings, contributions and demands.

Sophie’s Diary

Author : Dora Musielak
Publisher : American Mathematical Society
ISBN 13 : 1470471566
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Sophie’s Diary by : Dora Musielak

Download or read book Sophie’s Diary written by Dora Musielak and published by American Mathematical Society. This book was released on 2022-08-11 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sophie Germain overcame gender stigmas and a lack of formal education to prove that for all prime exponents less than 100 Case I of Fermat's Last Theorem holds. Hidden behind a man's name, her brilliance as mathematician was first discovered by three of the greatest scholars of the eighteenth century, Lagrange, Gauss, and Legendre. In Sophie's Diary, Germain comes to life through a fictionalized journal that intertwines mathematics with historical descriptions of the brutal events that took place in Paris between 1789 and 1793. This format provides a plausible perspective of how a young Sophie could have learned mathematics on her own—both fascinated by numbers and eager to master tough subjects without a teacher's guidance. Her passion for mathematics is integrated into her personal life as an escape from societal outrage. Sophie's Diary is suitable for a variety of readers—both young and old, mathematicians and novices—who will be inspired and enlightened on a field of study made easy, as told through the intellectual and personal struggles of an exceptional young woman.

An Episodic History of Mathematics

Author : Steven G. Krantz
Publisher : MAA
ISBN 13 : 0883857669
Total Pages : 395 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (838 download)

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Book Synopsis An Episodic History of Mathematics by : Steven G. Krantz

Download or read book An Episodic History of Mathematics written by Steven G. Krantz and published by MAA. This book was released on 2010-04 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of snapshots of the history of mathematics from ancient times to the twentieth century.

Spatial Sense Makes Math Sense

Author : Catheryne Draper
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1475834306
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (758 download)

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Book Synopsis Spatial Sense Makes Math Sense by : Catheryne Draper

Download or read book Spatial Sense Makes Math Sense written by Catheryne Draper and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2017-12-08 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spatial Sense Makes Math Sense: How Parents Can Help Their Children Learn Both brings the strengths of both algebra (arithmetic) and geometry into focus by showing how spatial relationships can make both make more sense. Parents will learn how to further develop and improve their child’s spatial sense using visual-spatial strategies of classifying, drawing diagrams, big idea concept building, visualizing, and more. As Sawyer encourages, “Even if the pictures are not good, the effort of making them will leave lasting traces in the mind and can cause the work to be remembered.” Whether you had a preference for geometry and endured algebra, loved algebra and never understood geometry, or were one of those people who never recognized a purpose for any of the math topics or, in truth, in any mathematics, this book will show parents how developing spatial sense can help visually explain both algebra and geometry relationships. You will read about Sophie Germain who believed that algebra and geometry worked hand-in-hand because, as she described them, algebra is written geometry and geometry is figured algebra.