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Nuclear Trade Controls
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Book Synopsis International Nuclear Export Controls and Non-Proliferation by : Ian J. Stewart
Download or read book International Nuclear Export Controls and Non-Proliferation written by Ian J. Stewart and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the evolution of international nuclear non-proliferation trade controls over time. The book argues that the international nuclear export controls have developed in a sub-optimal way as a result of a non-proliferation collective action problem. This has resulted in competition among suppliers, owing to the absence of an overarching effective system of control. While efforts have been undertaken to address this collective action problem and strengthen controls over time, these measures have been inherently limited, it is argued here, because of the same structural factors and vested interests that led to the creation of the problem in the first place. This study examines international controls from the beginning of the nuclear age and early efforts to control the atom, up to more recent times and the challenge posed by Iranian and North Korean nuclear ambitions. Drawing on a rich body of original archival research and interviews, the book demonstrates that the collective action problem has restrained cooperation in preventing nuclear proliferation and that gaps persist in the international nuclear trade control regime. This book will be of much interest to students of nuclear proliferation and arms control, security studies, and International Relations.
Book Synopsis Reforming Nuclear Export Controls by : Ian Anthony
Download or read book Reforming Nuclear Export Controls written by Ian Anthony and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Reforming Nuclear Export Controls' examines the structure & activities of the Nuclear Suppliers Group as an ad hoc group of 44 states committed to applying effective controls on the export of nuclear-related dual-use equipment & material.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Trade Controls by : Fred McGoldrick
Download or read book Nuclear Trade Controls written by Fred McGoldrick and published by . This book was released on 2013-05-31 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The merits of nuclear trade controls for helping stem proliferation have been strenuously debated for decades. Some have maintained that the policy of secrecy and denial that the United States pursued in the aftermath of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was a failure and that, instead, sharing the peaceful benefits of nuclear energy under nonproliferation controls and conditions has helped build key elements of the global regime to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons. Others argue that international nuclear trade increases the risk of nuclear-weapons proliferation. Both viewpoints have merit, and both need to be taken seriously. This report has four main elements. First, it explains the nature and importance of the nonproliferation conditions that the United States requires for its exports of nuclear materials, equipment, and technology as well as dual-use items and technology that have both nuclear and nonnuclear applications. Second, it compares these with the nuclear export controls of other exporting states as reflected in the guidelines of such multilateral arrangements as the Zangger Committee (ZC), the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG), and other international agreements and understandings such as the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and, where known, the specific export policies of other individual nuclear-supplier states. Third, it assesses the limits, weaknesses, successes, and failures of nuclear export controls of nuclear suppliers to date. Finally, it identifies the challenges for the future and the role that the United States should play in meeting them.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Export Controls and Supply Side Restraints by : Harald Mu ller
Download or read book Nuclear Export Controls and Supply Side Restraints written by Harald Mu ller and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on Arms Control, Oceans, and International Environment Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :238 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Nuclear Nonproliferation and Export Controls by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on Arms Control, Oceans, and International Environment
Download or read book Nuclear Nonproliferation and Export Controls written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on Arms Control, Oceans, and International Environment and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Export Controls and Nonproliferation Policy by :
Download or read book Export Controls and Nonproliferation Policy written by and published by Congress. This book was released on 1994 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Preventing Black Market Trade in Nuclear Technology by : Matthew Bunn
Download or read book Preventing Black Market Trade in Nuclear Technology written by Matthew Bunn and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-31 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every nuclear weapons program for decades has relied extensively on illicit imports of nuclear-related technologies. This book offers the most detailed public account of how states procure what they need to build nuclear weapons, what is currently being done to stop them, and how global efforts to prevent such trade could be strengthened. While illicit nuclear trade can never be stopped completely, effective steps to block illicit purchases of nuclear technology have sometimes succeeded in slowing nuclear weapons programs and increasing their costs, giving diplomacy more chance to work. Hence, this book argues, preventing illicit transfers wherever possible is a key element of an effective global non-proliferation strategy.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on International Security and Scientific Affairs Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :108 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Controls on Exports of Nuclear-related Goods and Technology by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on International Security and Scientific Affairs
Download or read book Controls on Exports of Nuclear-related Goods and Technology written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on International Security and Scientific Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy Conservation and Power Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :76 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Nuclear Exports by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy Conservation and Power
Download or read book Nuclear Exports written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy Conservation and Power and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis To Supply Or to Deny by : Michael David Beck
Download or read book To Supply Or to Deny written by Michael David Beck and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) are not necessarily acquired as entire systems. They are often assembled from parts and materials, many of which are dual-use?i.e., of both commercial and military utility. Often, suppliers of these components do not ask who their customers are or inquire about the intended application. This has for a long time been the Achilles? heel of well-intentioned nonproliferation conventions. The answer lies in more stringent export controls of weapons-related technologies. In this eye-opening collection of essays, sponsored by the Center for International Trade and Security at the University of Georgia (USA), a group of outstanding experts in the nonproliferation field report on the efforts of five leading supplier countries?the United States, France, Russia, China, and India?to implement export controls on weapons and sensitive technologies used for producing WMD. The book is both reassuring and alarming in its very precise survey and analysis of export control regimes. At most national levels, regulation is rapidly making firms more accountable, and more industries are routinely implementing internal compliance programs. However, these advances are in a neck-to-neck race with intangible methods of transferring information, corporations with no national allegiance, and competition among international suppliers. Based on in-depth research?each of the contributors spent considerable time conducting interviews with government officials and other policy experts, observing policy making and implementation, and gathering empirical data?this detailed and thought-provoking book will be of great value to all concerned with security objectives for the twenty-first century.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Commerce by : Thomas Berndorfer
Download or read book Nuclear Commerce written by Thomas Berndorfer and published by Diplomica Verlag. This book was released on 2009 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peaceful and non-peaceful applications of nuclear technologies share a common fate: one cannot exist without the other. As the world is about to experience a nuclear renaissance, the nuclear industry has gone through a phase of consolidation. Despite more efficient intra-industry structures and technological advancements it will still not be able to close the increasing gap in energy demand to be expected in the near future. The economic attractiveness and relative absence of emissions still make atomic power an attractive candidate for an energy mix comprising several different "clean" technologies. A renewed interest in nuclear energy will at the same time demand for a robust non-proliferation framework as a safety-guarantee for the market. Export controls have been found to be an effective tool in this regard. The Zangger Committee as the legitimate interpreter of the Non-Proliferation Treaty and the Nuclear Suppliers Group representing the most influential countries in nuclear commerce have established a system of checks and balances that may not halt proliferation altogether, but which has managed to slow it down significantly. The effect of these control structures on the development of the nuclear market cannot be assessed directly. Political and security concerns particularly attributed to nuclear matters make their application a necessity for the existence of the commerce itself. Recent global efforts such as the United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1540 and 1673 are focusing on the implementation of common set of key elements for strategic trade controls. The success of these measures will have a direct impact on the sustainability of the nuclear renaissance.
Book Synopsis Current and Future Challenges for Asian Nonproliferation Export Controls by : Scott Allan Jones
Download or read book Current and Future Challenges for Asian Nonproliferation Export Controls written by Scott Allan Jones and published by . This book was released on 2004-07-30 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As recent investigations into the vast nuclear network fronted by Pakistani scientist A. Q. Khan have made clear, the black market in nuclear supplies operated with ease and impunity. Much of this network was located and operated in Malaysia, a country with, at best, a rudimentary export control system. Through normal trade channels, the constituent components of nuclear weapons originated in and transited through this Asian nation, serving to draw further attention to how states in this economically dynamic region oversee the trade in strategic goods and technologies. Export controls represent one of the key elements of a comprehensive nonproliferation strategy. They include procedures adopted by countries to regulate and monitor trade in weaponry and weapons-related (dual-use) technologies. However, the effectiveness of export control as a tool for limiting the spread of sensitive technologies and weaponry has been compromised by globalization and a complex array of international developments. The distinction between military and commercial products, for example, has become less clear. Therefore, it is likely that export control policies and institutions need to be continually adjusted if they are to serve international security objectives. Regional export control standards are quite varied. For example, over the past 2 years, China passed legislation related to nuclear, chemical and biological, missile, and military exports. Taiwan updated its export regulations with regards to Mainland trade. South Korea implemented a catch-all regulation. And Singapore passed legislation strengthening state control over the export of strategic goods, including munitions and related dual-use goods. Other states, such as Laos, Myanmar, and Malaysia, have made only minor, primarily legislative, changes, most of which are superficial. For example, despite U.S. efforts to persuade Malaysia to adopt more stringent nuclear export controls, its foreign minister said that he did not currently "see any necessity" to sign the Additional Protocol to Malaysia's nuclear safeguards agreement. Recent disclosures about Libya's nuclear program revealed that a Malaysian firm manufactured some of Tripoli's nuclear equipment. How countries in the Asia region respond to the relentlessly changing nature of the proliferation challenge will affect profoundly the shape of global security for many years. In many instances, the countries of the region are major transshipment and assembly points for critical strategic dual-use goods and technologies. Some of these countries are already major producers of strategic items, while others are or have potential to become suppliers. Yet, national export control systems in the region, with a few exceptions, remain rudimentary and resource-poor. As Asia develops into a clearly demarcated economic "region," it is confronted by similar export control challenges as those faced in Europe with the advent of the Common Market. As such, a regional system of export control standards and practices emerged as a means to ensure not only economic parity, but regional and international security as well. While not necessarily as advanced in terms of regional identity as the European free trade area, the states of Asia could benefit profitably from a regional approach to export control development and coordination. In addition, the states of Asia could also gain from increased export control cooperation with the United States. As a global leader in nonproliferation, the United States can provide critical assistance to export control development efforts through training and the allocation of other resources. Likewise, the United States should focus its export control outreach efforts to the less developed export control systems in Asia, especially the transshipment countries.
Book Synopsis Finding Common Ground by : National Academy of Engineering
Download or read book Finding Common Ground written by National Academy of Engineering and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protecting U.S. security by controlling technology export has long been a major issue. But the threat of the Soviet sphere is rapidly being superseded by state-sponsored terrorism; nuclear, chemical, biological, and missile proliferation; and other critical security factors. This volume provides a policy outline and specific steps for an urgently needed revamping of U.S. and multilateral export controls. It presents the latest information on these and many other pressing issues: The successes and failures of U.S. export controls, including a look at U.S. laws, regulations, and export licensing; U.S. participation in international agencies; and the role of industry. The effects of export controls on industry. The growing threat of "proliferation" technologies. World events make this volume indispensable to policymakers, government security agencies, technology exporters, and faculty and students of international affairs.
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on Energy, Nuclear Proliferation, and Government Processes Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :172 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (17 download)
Book Synopsis U.S. Policy on Export of Helium-3 and Other Nuclear Materials and Technology by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on Energy, Nuclear Proliferation, and Government Processes
Download or read book U.S. Policy on Export of Helium-3 and Other Nuclear Materials and Technology written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on Energy, Nuclear Proliferation, and Government Processes and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chasing the Dragon by : Evan S. Medeiros
Download or read book Chasing the Dragon written by Evan S. Medeiros and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2005-08-16 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's export controls on equipment, materials, and technologies used to produce weapons of mass destruction (WMD) have evolved significantly since the early 1980s. This monograph examines the structure and operation of the Chinese government's system of controls on exports that could be used in the production of WMD and WMD-related delivery systems. The author identifies the key organizations involved in export control decisionmaking, relevant laws and regulations, and the interactions among government organizations involved in vetting sensitive exports.
Book Synopsis Strategic Trade Review by : Andrea Viski
Download or read book Strategic Trade Review written by Andrea Viski and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-23 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Strategic Trade Review is a peer reviewed journal dedicated to strategic trade, export controls, and sanctions. The sixth Spring/Summer 2018 issue features articles on emerging technologies and export controls, cryptosanctions, export control practices in advanced countries, proliferation finance, defense exports, and capacity-building. It also includes a "Practitioners Perspectives" section. The Strategic Trade Review publishes articles from a global authorship. The Review is an essential resource for researchers, practitioners, students, policy-makers, and other stakeholders involved in trade and security.
Book Synopsis Current and Future Challenges for Asian Nonproliferation Export Controls by : Scott Allan Jones
Download or read book Current and Future Challenges for Asian Nonproliferation Export Controls written by Scott Allan Jones and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Asia develops into a clearly demarcated economic "region," it is confronted by similar export control challenges as those faced in Europe with the advent of the Common Market. As such, a regional system of export control standards and practices emerged as a means to ensure not only economic parity, but regional and international security as well. While not necessarily as advanced in terms of regional identity as the European free trade area, the states of Asia could benefit profitably from a regional approach to export control development and coordination. In addition, the states of Asia could also gain from increased export control cooperation with the United States. As a global leader in nonproliferation, the United States can provide critical assistance to export control development efforts through training and the allocation of other resources. Likewise, the United States should focus its export control outreach efforts to the less developed export control systems in Asia, especially the transshipment countries.
