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Nuclear Fuel Cycle Requirements And Supply Considerations Through The Long Term
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Author :Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Working Party on Uranium Demand Publisher :Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : sold by OECD Publications Center] ISBN 13 : Total Pages :94 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Nuclear Fuel Cycle Requirements and Supply Considerations, Through the Long-term by : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Working Party on Uranium Demand
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Cycle Requirements and Supply Considerations, Through the Long-term written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Working Party on Uranium Demand and published by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : sold by OECD Publications Center]. This book was released on 1978 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nuclear Fuel Cycle Requirements and Supply Considerations, Through the Long-term by : OECD Nuclear Energy Agency
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Cycle Requirements and Supply Considerations, Through the Long-term written by OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nuclear Fuel Cycle Requirements and Supply Considerations Through the Long Term by : NEA Committee on Reactor Physics
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Cycle Requirements and Supply Considerations Through the Long Term written by NEA Committee on Reactor Physics and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nuclear fuel cycle requirements and supply considerations, through the long-term : a report by : OECD Nuclear Energy Agency
Download or read book Nuclear fuel cycle requirements and supply considerations, through the long-term : a report written by OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques. Agence pour l' énergie nucléaire Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :84 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (859 download)
Book Synopsis Nuclear Fuel Cycle Requirements and Supply Considerations Through the Long Term by : Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques. Agence pour l' énergie nucléaire
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Cycle Requirements and Supply Considerations Through the Long Term written by Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques. Agence pour l' énergie nucléaire and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Internationalization of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle by : Russian Academy of Sciences
Download or read book Internationalization of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by Russian Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-01-26 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The so-called nuclear renaissance has increased worldwide interest in nuclear power. This potential growth also has increased, in some quarters, concern that nonproliferation considerations are not being given sufficient attention. In particular, since introduction of many new power reactors will lead to requiring increased uranium enrichment services to provide the reactor fuel, the proliferation risk of adding enrichment facilities in countries that do not have them now led to proposals to provide the needed fuel without requiring indigenous enrichment facilities. Similar concerns exist for reprocessing facilities. Internationalization of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle summarizes key issues and analyses of the topic, offers some criteria for evaluating options, and makes findings and recommendations to help the United States, the Russian Federation, and the international community reduce proliferation and other risks, as nuclear power is used more widely. This book is intended for all those who are concerned about the need for assuring fuel for new reactors and at the same time limiting the spread of nuclear weapons. This audience includes the United States and Russia, other nations that currently supply nuclear material and technology, many other countries contemplating starting or growing nuclear power programs, and the international organizations that support the safe, secure functioning of the international nuclear fuel cycle, most prominently the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Author :Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Working Party on Uranium Demand Publisher :Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : sold by OECD Publications Center] ISBN 13 : Total Pages :92 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (89 download)
Book Synopsis Nuclear Fuel Cycle Requirements and Supply Considerations, Through the Long-term by : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Working Party on Uranium Demand
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Cycle Requirements and Supply Considerations, Through the Long-term written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Working Party on Uranium Demand and published by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : sold by OECD Publications Center]. This book was released on 1978 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A New Approach to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle by : Kelsey Hartigan
Download or read book A New Approach to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by Kelsey Hartigan and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2015-02-23 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nuclear Threat Initiative and the Center for Strategic and International Studies joined to launch the New Approaches to the Fuel Cycle project. This project sought to build consensus on common goals, address practical challenges, and engage a spectrum of actors that influence policymaking regarding the nuclear fuel cycle. The project also tackled one of the toughest issues—spent nuclear fuel and high level waste—to see if solutions there might offer incentives to states on the front end of the nuclear fuel cycle and address the inherent inertia and concerns about additional burdens and restrictions that have stalled past efforts to improve the robustness of the nonproliferation regime. This report presents the group’s conclusions that a best-practices approach to the nuclear fuel cycle can achieve these objectives and offer a path to a more secure and sustainable nuclear landscape.
Book Synopsis Managing the Nuclear Fuel Cycle by : Mary Beth Nikitin
Download or read book Managing the Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by Mary Beth Nikitin and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) Introduction; (2) Renewed Interest in Nuclear Power Expansion: (a) Worldwide Nuclear Power Status; (b) Nuclear Fuel Services Market: Yellowcake; Conversion; Enrichment; Fuel Fabrication; (c) Final Stages of the Fuel Cycle; (d) Waste Disposal and Energy Security; (3) Proposals on the Fuel Cycle: Pres. Bush¿s '04 Proposal; Discussions in the Nuclear Suppliers Group; El Baradei Proposal; IAEA Experts Group/INFCIRC/640; Putin Initiative; Six Country Concept; IAEA Fuel Bank; Congress. Support; World Nuclear Assoc.; IAEA Standby Arrange. System; Multilateral Enrichment Sanctuary Project; Enrichment Bonds; Global Nuclear Energy Partnership; (4) Comparison of Proposals; (5) Prospects for Implementing Fuel Assurance Mechanisms.
Book Synopsis The Future of Nuclear Fuel Cycle by :
Download or read book The Future of Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In this analysis we have presented a method that provides insight into future fuel cycle alternatives by clarifying the complexity of choosing an appropriate fuel cycle in the context of the distribution of burdens and benefits between generations. The current nuclear power deployment practices, together with three future fuel cycles were assessed."--Page 227.
Author :OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Publisher :Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; Washington, D.C. : OECD Publications and Information Centre ISBN 13 : Total Pages :186 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis The Economics of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle by : OECD Nuclear Energy Agency
Download or read book The Economics of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and published by Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; Washington, D.C. : OECD Publications and Information Centre. This book was released on 1994 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Long-Term Planning for Nuclear Energy Systems Under Deep Uncertainty by : Lance Kyungwoo Kim
Download or read book Long-Term Planning for Nuclear Energy Systems Under Deep Uncertainty written by Lance Kyungwoo Kim and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long-term planning for nuclear energy systems has been an area of interest for policy planners and systems designers to assess and manage the complexity of the system and the long-term, wide-ranging societal impacts of decisions. However, traditional planning tools are often poorly equipped to cope with the deep parametric, structural, and value uncertainties in long-term planning. A more robust, multiobjective decision-making method is applied to a model of the nuclear fuel cycle to address the many sources of complexity, uncertainty, and ambiguity inherent to long-term planning. Unlike prior studies that rely on assessing the outcomes of a limited set of deployment strategies, solutions in this study arise from optimizing behavior against multiple incommensurable objectives, utilizing goal-seeking multiobjective evolutionary algorithms to identify minimax regret solutions across various demand scenarios. By excluding inferior and infeasible solutions, the choice between the Pareto optimal solutions depends on a decision-maker's preferences for the defined outcomes - limiting analyst bias and increasing transparency. Though simplified by the necessity of reducing computational burdens, the nuclear fuel cycle model captures important phenomena governing the behavior of the nuclear energy system relevant to the decision to close the fuel cycle - incorporating reactor population dynamics, material stocks and flows, constraints on material flows, and outcomes of interest to decision-makers. Technology neutral performance criteria are defined consistent with the Generation IV International Forum goals of improved security and proliferation resistance based on structural features of the nuclear fuel cycle, natural resource sustainability, and waste production. A review of safety risks and the economic history of the development of nuclear technology suggests that safety and economic criteria may not be decisive criteria as the safety risks posed by alternative fuel cycles may be comparable in aggregate and economic performance is uncertain and path dependent. Technology strategies impacting reactor lifetimes and advanced reactor introduction dates are evaluated against a high, medium, and phaseout scenarios of nuclear energy demand. Non-dominated, minimax regret solutions are found with the NSGA- II multiobjective evolutionary algorithm. Results suggest that more aggressive technology strategies featuring the early introduction of breeder and burner reactors, possibly combined with lifetime extension of once-through systems, tend to dominate less aggressive strategies under more demanding growth scenarios over the next century. Less aggressive technology strategies that delay burning and breeding tend to be clustered in the minimax regret space, suggesting greater sensitivity to shifts in preferences. Lifetime extension strategies can unexpectedly result in fewer deployments of once-through systems, permitting the growth of advanced systems to meet demand. Both breeders and burners are important for controlling plutonium inventories with breeders achieving lower inventories in storage by locking material in reactor cores while burners can reduce the total inventory in the system. Other observations include the indirect impacts of some performance measures, the relatively small impact of technology strategies on the waste properties of all material in the system, and the difficulty of phasing out nuclear energy while meeting all objectives with the specified technology options.
Book Synopsis Assurances of Long-term Supply of Technology, Fuel and Heavy Water and Services in the Interest of National Needs Consistent with Non-proliferation by :
Download or read book Assurances of Long-term Supply of Technology, Fuel and Heavy Water and Services in the Interest of National Needs Consistent with Non-proliferation written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Uranium for Nuclear Power by : Ian Hore-Lacy
Download or read book Uranium for Nuclear Power written by Ian Hore-Lacy and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-02-19 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uranium for Nuclear Power: Resources, Mining and Transformation to Fuel discusses the nuclear industry and its dependence on a steady supply of competitively priced uranium as a key factor in its long-term sustainability. A better understanding of uranium ore geology and advances in exploration and mining methods will facilitate the discovery and exploitation of new uranium deposits. The practice of efficient, safe, environmentally-benign exploration, mining and milling technologies, and effective site decommissioning and remediation are also fundamental to the public image of nuclear power. This book provides a comprehensive review of developments in these areas. Provides researchers in academia and industry with an authoritative overview of the front end of the nuclear fuel cycle Presents a comprehensive and systematic coverage of geology, mining, and conversion to fuel, alternative fuel sources, and the environmental and social aspects Written by leading experts in the field of nuclear power, uranium mining, milling, and geological exploration who highlight the best practices needed to ensure environmental safety
Book Synopsis Nuclear Wastes by : National Research Council
Download or read book Nuclear Wastes written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-02-23 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear weapons production and power generation has caused public outcry and political consternation. Nuclear Wastes presents a critical review of some waste management and disposal alternatives to the current national policy of direct disposal of light water reactor spent fuel. The book offers clearcut conclusions for what the nation should do today and what solutions should be explored for tomorrow. The committee examines the currently used "once-through" fuel cycle versus different alternatives of separations and transmutation technology systems, by which hazardous radionuclides are converted to nuclides that are either stable or radioactive with short half-lives. The volume provides detailed findings and conclusions about the status and feasibility of plutonium extraction and more advanced separations technologies, as well as three principal transmutation concepts for commercial reactor spent fuel. The book discusses nuclear proliferation; the U.S. nuclear regulatory structure; issues of health, safety and transportation; the proposed sale of electrical energy as a means of paying for the transmutation system; and other key issues.
Book Synopsis A Decision Analysis Framework for the U.S. Nuclear Fuel Cycle by : Lara Marie Pierpoint
Download or read book A Decision Analysis Framework for the U.S. Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by Lara Marie Pierpoint and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If we are willing to pay a premium, we may be able to mitigate some of the long-lasting impacts of nuclear waste. Deciding how to navigate this tradeoff, between cost and waste, is a central challenge for stewards of nuclear power. It is made more difficult by uncertainties that characterize the global future of nuclear electricity generation. The recent increase in concern about climate change has prompted U.S. policymakers to back strategies favorable toward nuclear power, so much so that some experts see a "nuclear renaissance" on the horizon. Whether such a renaissance will come to pass, involving the construction of a vast new fleet of nuclear plants, is unclear - especially in light of the March 2011 nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi reactors in Japan. Even more unclear is what should be done with the commercial U.S. nuclear waste, given an array of technical options and a large amount of uncertainty about how much waste will ultimately need to be managed. This study introduces a framework for analysis of strategies to evolve the nuclear fuel cycle which may be helpful in analyzing decision problems for similarly complex, long-lived technical infrastructure systems. The framework consists of a system dynamics simulation coupled with a decision analysis model. The system dynamics code is developed specifically for this study to be simple, fast-running, and also to echo the results of many previous nuclear fuel cycle simulations in demonstrating how various technical options impact important parameters (like uranium consumed, waste generated, etc.). Code results are benchmarked to more complex fuel cycle simulations for the parameters relevant to the decision space. The decision analysis model takes information from the simulation and makes it useful to policymakers, by allowing the explicit analysis of desirable decision pathways under uncertainty, and also considering tradeoffs among system goals. The framework is applied to three nuclear systems, the light-water reactor (LWR) once through fuel cycle, which represents the status quo, an advanced, traditional, plutonium-fed self sustaining fast reactor fuel cycle, and a fast reactor fuel cycle for which initial fast reactor cores are composed of enriched uranium rather than recycled LWR fuel. Fast reactors are highly likely to cost more than LWRs, but they can produce electricity from some of the elements that most plague the long-term management of a nuclear waste repository. A value function compares how these options fare under different scenarios, incorporating system-wide costs and the system waste burden as the two attributes in the function. The primary result is that the best strategy, under a strong preference for eliminating LWR spent nuclear fuel waste, consists of building a few traditional fast reactors now, and then building a full fleet more rapidly later in the century. This allows both for a significant amount of waste mitigation compared to an all-LWR fuel cycle, and for the costs associated with the more expensive fast reactor technology to be incurred primarily later in the century. On the other hand, if cost is the main consideration, the framework advises moving forward with the once-through LWR fuel cycle and avoiding fast reactors altogether, or at least until later in the century. These results are examined from a traditional decision analysis perspective, and then from one that departs somewhat from the assumption of a fully powerful decision maker. In reality, a government decision maker can only offer incentives to industry in order to induce a strategy change. Changing the decision model to reflect this reality causes the framework to more strongly advise moving forward with traditional fast reactors. This occurs because any single attempt at offering incentives to industry might be unsuccessful, and thus prevent a waste concerned government from achieving any significant mitigation. The most important contribution of the methodology is its ability to illuminate which parameters represent strong drivers of system decisions. Preferences across competing attributes are always important: in general, if decision maker preferences for reducing cost vs. waste were to shift significantly, the framework would show a change in the desirable decision strategy. Decision results are not very sensitive, on the other hand, to the rate of nuclear power growth or to the cost of fast reactor technology. A second contribution comes from the initial foray into studying a more complex decision maker perspective, and shows how a different view can complement results using the traditional decision analysis assumption of an "ideal" decision maker. Ultimately, the system dynamics/decision analysis framework presented here helps identify desirable pathways for complex system evolution, identifies factors that bear strongly on decisions and which are deserving of more study, and begins to show how strategy implementation can be considered within the framework in order to further improve decision-making.
Book Synopsis The Path to Sustainable Nuclear Energy. Basic and Applied Research Opportunities for Advanced Fuel Cycles by :
Download or read book The Path to Sustainable Nuclear Energy. Basic and Applied Research Opportunities for Advanced Fuel Cycles written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this report is to identify new basic science that will be the foundation for advances in nuclear fuel-cycle technology in the near term, and for changing the nature of fuel cycles and of the nuclear energy industry in the long term. The goals are to enhance the development of nuclear energy, to maximize energy production in nuclear reactor parks, and to minimize radioactive wastes, other environmental impacts, and proliferation risks. The limitations of the once-through fuel cycle can be overcome by adopting a closed fuel cycle, in which the irradiated fuel is reprocessed and its components are separated into streams that are recycled into a reactor or disposed of in appropriate waste forms. The recycled fuel is irradiated in a reactor, where certain constituents are partially transmuted into heavier isotopes via neutron capture or into lighter isotopes via fission. Fast reactors are required to complete the transmutation of long-lived isotopes. Closed fuel cycles are encompassed by the Department of Energy?s Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI), to which basic scientific research can contribute. Two nuclear reactor system architectures can meet the AFCI objectives: a?single-tier? system or a?dual-tier? system. Both begin with light water reactors and incorporate fast reactors. The?dual-tier? systems transmute some plutonium and neptunium in light water reactors and all remaining transuranic elements (TRUs) in a closed-cycle fast reactor. Basic science initiatives are needed in two broad areas:? Near-term impacts that can enhance the development of either?single-tier? or?dual-tier? AFCI systems, primarily within the next 20 years, through basic research. Examples: Dissolution of spent fuel, separations of elements for TRU recycling and transmutation Design, synthesis, and testing of inert matrix nuclear fuels and non-oxide fuels Invention and development of accurate on-line monitoring systems for chemical and nuclear species in the nuclear fuel cycle Development of advanced tools for designing reactors with reduced margins and lower costs? Long-term nuclear reactor development requires basic science breakthroughs: Understanding of materials behavior under extreme environmental conditions Creation of new, efficient, environmentally benign chemical separations methods Modeling and simulation to improve nuclear reaction cross-section data, design new materials and separation system, and propagate uncertainties within the fuel cycle Improvement of proliferation resistance by strengthening safeguards technologies and decreasing the attractiveness of nuclear materials A series of translational tools is proposed to advance the AFCI objectives and to bring the basic science concepts and processes promptly into the technological sphere. These tools have the potential to revolutionize the approach to nuclear engineering R & D by replacing lengthy experimental campaigns with a rigorous approach based on modeling, key fundamental experiments, and advanced simulations.