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Nox Removal In Jet Engine Test Cell Exhaust Proposed Non Thermal Plasma Systems And Economic Considerations
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Book Synopsis NOx Removal in Jet-Engine Test Cell Exhaust: Proposed Non-Thermal Plasma Systems and Economic Considerations by :
Download or read book NOx Removal in Jet-Engine Test Cell Exhaust: Proposed Non-Thermal Plasma Systems and Economic Considerations written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incentives for implementing new pollution-control technologies are both regulatory and economic. Given considerable regulatory pressure, e.g., the promulgation of a NESHAPS (National Emissions Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants) for NOx emissions in CY 2000, new de-NOx technologies are being explored. One major reason for this is that conventional de-NOx methods (like wet scrubbers plus Selective Catalytic Reduction -SCR) will not work effectively for the low NO concentrations (e.g.,
Book Synopsis Factors and Uncertainties that Impact Economic Assessments of Non-Thermal Plasma Based Devices to Control NOx Generated from Jet Engine and Cruise Missile Test Facilities by :
Download or read book Factors and Uncertainties that Impact Economic Assessments of Non-Thermal Plasma Based Devices to Control NOx Generated from Jet Engine and Cruise Missile Test Facilities written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Federal regulations concerning the generation and release of many gaseous pollutants, including NOxs, are becoming increasingly more stringent. A number of diverse military operations generate large amounts of NOxs on an episodic basis. Therefore, the military is motivated to acquire new pollution control technologies that will bring them into compliance with the evolving more stringent regulations. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) devices and their variants- such as hybrid systems- offer attractive alternatives to more traditional acid gas (SOx and NOx) control approaches. such as scrubbers, catalytic systems, or adsorbers. The higher performance that is possible with NTP-based pollution control systems comes at a price of complexity and cost. Widespread use of NTP-based pollution control technology by the commercial or military sectors will occur only when the economics for such systems are favorable compared to competing technologies. This paper identifies and discusses the many factors that cause uncertainly in the economic analysis of NTP-based reactors for NOx control. In particular, we focus on conditions representative of jet-engine exhaust containing nitric oxide (NO) combined with hydrocarbons in an emission stream that is primarily air.
Book Synopsis Non-Thermal Plasma System Candidates for Jet-Engine Test Cell Exhaust De-NO(subscript X) by : Louis A. Rosocha
Download or read book Non-Thermal Plasma System Candidates for Jet-Engine Test Cell Exhaust De-NO(subscript X) written by Louis A. Rosocha and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Selective Non-catalytic Reduction of NOx for Jet Engine Test Cells by : James Wayne Dill
Download or read book Evaluation of Selective Non-catalytic Reduction of NOx for Jet Engine Test Cells written by James Wayne Dill and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research evaluates the use of selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) for the removal of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in a jet engine test cell (JETC). The plume effluent in the exhaust stream of a TF30-P111+ and a TF33-P9 engine in a jet engine test cell was first characterized. A test stand and five-point sample probe were designed and built to make measurements directly behind the engine nozzle. Data were collected in conjunction with actual engine tests. Temperature, NOx, carbon monoxide (CO) concentration, and velocity were among the characteristics measured radially and axially in the plume. These parameters were used to determine baseline conditions for the chemical kinetic modeling of SNCR using ammonia, cyanuric acid, urea, and hydrazine with additives of hydrogen, methane, and hydrogen peroxide. The measurements revealed that temperatures are marginal for the application of SNCR in JETCs except at high throttle and afterburner settings on the P111+ engine. The chemicals themselves have limited range of applicability. Additives help to extend their usefulness, mostly by shifting the temperature window down. Urea and hydrogen peroxide yielded the best range of the chemicals tested. However, this combination may reduce NOx in the entire exhaust stream by up to only 25% at military power on the high-performance P111+ engine. The findings of this work have attractive implications for non-JETC applications operating near the same conditions.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Selective Non-catalytic Reduction of NOx̳ for Jet Engine Test Cells by : James Wayne Dill
Download or read book Evaluation of Selective Non-catalytic Reduction of NOx̳ for Jet Engine Test Cells written by James Wayne Dill and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis New Technology for Controlling NOx from Jet Engine Test Cells. Phase 1 by :
Download or read book New Technology for Controlling NOx from Jet Engine Test Cells. Phase 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For some time the U.S. Air Force has been concerned with NOx emissions from jet engine test cells operated by the Air Force. While there are no regulations limiting the NOx emissions of these facilities, such regulations could develop in the near future and would pose significant problems for the Air Force because no available technology is suited for application to jet engine test cells. This report describes laboratory studies of a new NOx control process based on the surprising ability of barium oxide to rapidly capture NO, a process that could be ideally suited to controlling NOx emission from jet engine test cells. Thus, experiments were done in which a simulated exhaust gas containing NO was passed through a bed of either granular barium oxide or barium oxide supported on high-strength alumina. Quantitative NO removals were achieved at space velocities ranging from 2010 to 28,000 v/v/hr temperatures from 21 deg C to 610 deg C, oxygen concentrations of 1.1 to 15.3 percent, and initial NO concentrations from 94 to 1700 ppm. When NO2 was present in the simulated exhaust, it was also removed. The barium oxide was able to capture NO and NO2 in amounts up to at least 23.5 percent of its initial weight. The practical implication is that NOx emissions of a jet engine test cell could be controlled by replacing the acoustic panels now used to decrease the cell's emission of sound with a set of panel bed filters filled with barium oxide. These panel bed filters would also absorb sound, could fit in the space in the test cell now occupied by the acoustic panels, and would remove NO and NO2 from the exhaust before it is discharged to the environment.
Book Synopsis Nox Reduction for Lean Exhaust Using Plasma Assisted Catalysis by :
Download or read book Nox Reduction for Lean Exhaust Using Plasma Assisted Catalysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently CARB estimates on road diesel vehicles contribute 50% of the NOX and 78% of the particulates being discharged from mobile sources. Diesel emissions obviously must be reduced if future air quality targets are to be met. A critical technological barrier exists because there are no commercial technologies available, which can reduce NOX from diesel (lean), exhaust containing 5-15% O2 concentration. One promising approach to reducing NOX and particulates from diesel exhaust is to use a combination of plasma with catalyst. Plasma can be generated thermally or non-thermally. Thermal plasma is formed by heating the system to an exceedingly high temperature (>2000 C). High temperature requirements for plasma makes thermal plasma inefficient and requires skillful thermal management and hence is considered impractical for mobile applications. Non-thermal plasma directs electrical energy into the creation of free electrons, which in turn react with gaseous species thus creating plasma. A combination of non-thermal plasma with catalysts can be referred to Plasma Assisted Catalysts or PAC. PAC technology has been demonstrated in stationary sources where non-thermal plasma catalysis is carried out in presence of NH3 as a reductant. In stationary applications NO is oxidized to HNO3 and then into ammonium nitrate where it is condensed and removed. This approach is impractical for mobile application because of the ammonia requirement and the ultimate mechanism by which NOX is removed. However, if a suitable catalyst can be found which can use onboard fuel as reductant then the technology holds a considerable promise. NOX REDUCTION FOR LEAN EXHAUST USING PLASMA ASSISTED CATALYSIS Ralph Slone, B. Bhatt and Victor Puchkarev NOXTECH INC. In addition to the development of an effective catalyst, a non-thermal plasma reactor needs be scaled and demonstrated along with a reliable and cost effective plasma power source and onboard HC source needs to be proven. Under the work sponsored by DOE and SCAQMD Noxtech is developing a cost effective and reliable PAC system for mobile applications. The goal of the program is to develop a suitable catalyst with the ability to remove high levels of NOx at reasonable space velocities. This new catalyst will then be used to scale the technology to treat exhaust from 80Hp engine and eventually to demonstrate the technology on 200 and 400 Hp engine applications. Using the 2004 EPA proposed regulation as a standard, it is clear in order for PAC system to be commercially viable it needs to remove NOX by 70% or better. It is further assumed from past experience that 30,000 HR-1 space velocities are necessary to ensure a good compact design.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Pilot-Scale Pulse-Corona-Induced Plasma Device to Remove NOx from Combustion Exhausts from a Subscale Combustor and from a Hush House at Nellis AFB, Nevada by :
Download or read book Evaluation of Pilot-Scale Pulse-Corona-Induced Plasma Device to Remove NOx from Combustion Exhausts from a Subscale Combustor and from a Hush House at Nellis AFB, Nevada written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jet engine test cells (JETCs) are used to test-fire new, installed, and reworked jet engines. Because JETCs have been classified as stationary sources of pollutant emissions, they are subject to possible regulation under Title I of the Clean Air Act (CAA) as amended in 1990. In Phase I of the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program, a novel NOx-control approach utilizing pulsed-corona-induced plasma successfully showed 90% removal of NOx in the laboratory. The objective of Phase II was to reproduce the laboratory-scale results in a pilot-scale system. The technology was successfully demonstrated at pilot scale in the field, on a slipstream of JETC flue gas at Nellis Air Force Base. Based on the field data, cost projections were made for a system to treat the full JETC exhaust. The technology efficiently converted NO into ONO, and a wet scrubber was required to achieve the treatment goal of 50-percent removal and destruction of NOx. The plasma simultaneously removes hydrocarbons from the flue gas stream. This project demonstrated that pulse-corona-induced plasma technology is scalable to practical industrial dimensions.
Download or read book EPA Publications Bibliography written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721193820 Total Pages :40 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (938 download)
Book Synopsis Investigation of Nox Removal from Small Engine Exhaust by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Investigation of Nox Removal from Small Engine Exhaust written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-15 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contribution of emissions from small engines to the air pollution is significant. Due to differences in operating conditions and economics, the pollution control systems designed for automobiles will be neither suitable nor economically feasible for use on small engines. The objective of this project was to find a catalyst for the removal of NOx from the exhaust of small engines which use a rich air to fuel ratio. The desired catalyst should be inexpensive so that the cost of the pollution control unit will be only a small fraction of the total equipment cost. The high cost of noble metals makes them too expensive for use as NOx catalyst for small engines. Catalytic reduction of Nitrogen Oxide (NO) can also be accomplished by base-metal oxide catalysts. The main disadvantage of base-metal catalysts is their deactivation by poisons and high temperatures. Requirements for the length of the life of the small engine exhaust catalysts are much less than those for automobile exhaust catalysts. Since there is no oxygen in the exhaust gases, reduction selectivity is not a problem. Also, the reducing exhaust gases might help prevent the harmful interactions of the catalyst with the support. For these reasons only the supported metal oxide catalysts were investigated in this project. Akyurtlu, Ates and Akyurtlu, Jale F. Langley Research Center
Book Synopsis Technical Literature Abstracts by : Society of Automotive Engineers
Download or read book Technical Literature Abstracts written by Society of Automotive Engineers and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitrogen oxides (NOx) why and how they are controlled by :
Download or read book Nitrogen oxides (NOx) why and how they are controlled written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reactions of Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) Leading to the Formation of Nitric Acid (HNO3) in Non-Thermal Plasmas (NTPs): White Paper for the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) Compliance Project CP-1038, "Development of Non-Thermal Plasma Reactor Technology for Control of Atmospheric Emissions." by :
Download or read book Reactions of Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) Leading to the Formation of Nitric Acid (HNO3) in Non-Thermal Plasmas (NTPs): White Paper for the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) Compliance Project CP-1038, "Development of Non-Thermal Plasma Reactor Technology for Control of Atmospheric Emissions." written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrical energy coupled into an NTP can be used to create highly reactive species, e.g., oxygen atoms O(3P), OH radicals, N-radicals, electrons, and other free radicals, ions, and active species in gaseous media at near-ambient temperatures and pressures. These active species subsequently react with entrained pollutants in the gas, converting them to non-hazardous compounds. Because NTP processing shows promise for simultaneously removing different types of pollutants (e.g., NOx/SOx and VOCs), it is particularly attractive for many present and future environmental applications. In a thermal process thousands of electron volts of energy are typically required to decompose one pollutant molecule, because it is a non-selective process. Compared to a thermal process, non-thermal plasmas typically require energies of order 10's - 100's eV per decomposed pollutant molecule, thus showing the benefits of selective chemistry. It has been decided that the primary targets for our work on NTP technology will be jet engine test cells (JETCs) and cruise missile test cells (CMTCs), which are stationary sources of air emissions. Therefore, we can exercise the option of converting the emitted NOx to HNO3 (or related acids) and scrub out the acid. In this white paper, we will show the primary paths of such conversions.
Book Synopsis Fronte della fortezza vecchia di Corfu [profil]. by :
Download or read book Fronte della fortezza vecchia di Corfu [profil]. written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Application of Pulse-corona-induced Plasmas for Control of NOx from Jet Engine Test Cells by : Michael D. Durham
Download or read book Application of Pulse-corona-induced Plasmas for Control of NOx from Jet Engine Test Cells written by Michael D. Durham and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Non-thermal Plasma Assisted Removal of SO2/NOx from Flue Gas by : Wanming Sun
Download or read book Non-thermal Plasma Assisted Removal of SO2/NOx from Flue Gas written by Wanming Sun and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gap Space Optimization for NOx Removal in a Non-thermal Plasma Discharge by : Zhicheng Wang
Download or read book Gap Space Optimization for NOx Removal in a Non-thermal Plasma Discharge written by Zhicheng Wang and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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