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Author :
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289314664
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)
Download or read book Nordic Environmental Valuation Database written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David N. Barton
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289323191
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)
Download or read book Valuation of Ecosystem Services from Nordic Watersheds written by David N. Barton and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2012-02-29 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of the ecosystem services concept suggests that economic valuation studies are already fulfilling a role in raising awareness by demonstrating the loss of nature's goods and services using monetary indicators. In order to have future relevance in capturing value and giving support to policy-makers, valuation methods must specifically address resource accounting, priority setting, and instrument design. This report provides an overview of economic valuation methods of ecosystem services from watersheds in the Nordic countries. The study was commissioned by the Nordic Council of Ministers and conducted by The Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, The Norwegian Institute of Water Research and Sweco Norge during the period May - November 2011. The study indicates that economic valuation methods can be applied to watershed management in multiple ways. However, policy makers should be wary of "one size fits all" valuation estimates that appear ready to use across different watershed types and stakeholder interests.
Author : Scott Cole
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289355875
Total Pages : 87 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)
Download or read book Nordic urban nature recreation written by Scott Cole and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2018-05-25 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nordic countries continue to experience growth of urban areas, which provides benefits like economic growth, but also imposes economic costs in terms of reduced ecosystem services. This report focuses on urban nature recreation and highlights economic methods and data that can help capture the associated nonmarket welfare benefits. The study stresses the need to collect user data to better understand visitation patterns, which can be combined with valuation methods to provide evidence of economic benefits associated with e.g., hiking, cycling, skiing, paddling and other recreation activities. Once these benefits are visible, decision-makers will have a better basis to balance economic growth with the environmental costs it imposes on urban ecosystem services.
Author :
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289327855
Total Pages : 75 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)
Download or read book Ecosystem Services in Forests written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2014 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Nordic Workshop on “Ecosystem Services in Forests – how to assess and value them” was held in Oslo Thursday the 13th of September 2012. During the day, 13 presentations were made, and altogether 41 participants had the opportunity to discuss the way forward and to formulate issues and research fields as recommendations to the Nordic Council of Ministers. This report presents a synthesis of the presentations and provides a brief summary of issues that were raised in the discussions. The workshop addressed both current knowledge of services as well as challenges and possibilities related to assessment and valuation, and challenged participants to formulate new and important issues based on their respective fields of expertise.
Author : Lindhjem, Henrik
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289342404
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)
Download or read book Landscape experiences as a cultural ecosystem service in a Nordic context written by Lindhjem, Henrik and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2015-08-19 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cultural ecosystem services in the form of experiences derived from landscapes are potentially important, but often overlooked. Given the large and unprecedented landscape changes many of the Nordic countries are undergoing, there is a need to find ways of including people’s preferences and the value of landscape impacts in policy assessments and decision-making processes. The project aim has been to synthesize knowledge about the magnitude and value of landscape experiences, and investigate current practices and examples of how landscape impacts are incorporated (or not) in policy assessments and decision-making contexts in the Nordics. The literature demonstrates potentially high unaccounted welfare loss from landscape change. We find clear weaknesses in current practices, that a second phase will try to address. The project was carried out by Vista Analysis in Oslo and Department of Environmental Science at Aarhus University from 2014–15.
Author : Rasmus Reinvang
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289342390
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)
Download or read book Landscape Experiences as a Cultural Ecosystem Service in a Nordic Context: Concepts, Values and Decision-making written by Rasmus Reinvang and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2015 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cultural ecosystem services in the form of experiences derived from landscapes are potentially important, but often overlooked. Given the large and unprecedented landscape changes many of the Nordic countries are undergoing, there is a need to find ways of including people's preferences and the value of landscape impacts in policy assessments and decision-making processes. The project aim has been to synthesize knowledge about the magnitude and value of landscape experiences, and investigate current practices and examples of how landscape impacts are incorporated (or not) in policy assessments and decision-making contexts in the Nordics. The literature demonstrates potentially high unaccounted welfare loss from landscape change. We find clear weaknesses in current practices, that a second phase will try to address. The project was carried out by Vista Analysis in Oslo and Department of Environmental Science at Aarhus University from 2014-15.
Author : Anna Kärrman
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289360623
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)
Download or read book PFASs in the Nordic environment written by Anna Kärrman and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes a screening study of in all ninety-nine conventional and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the Nordic environment. In addition, extractable organic fluorine (EOF) was analysed. The latter can provide the amount, but not identity, of organofluorine in the samples, which in turn can be used to assess the mass balance between known and unknown PFASs. The study was initiated by the Nordic Screening Group and funded by these and the Nordic Council of Ministers through the Chemicals Group.A total of 102 samples were analyzed in this study, including bird eggs, fish, marine mammals, terrestrial mammals, surface water, WWTP effluents and sludge, and air. Samples were collected by institutes from the participating countries and self-governing areas; Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.
Author : Andersson
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289322217
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)
Download or read book Brominated Flame Retardants (BFR) in the Nordic Environment written by Andersson and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Berit Mattsson
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289310537
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)
Download or read book Environmental Assessment of Seafood Products Through LCA written by Berit Mattsson and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of discussions -- Comment -- 9.3 Workshop 3: Trondheim, November 22-23, 2001 -- 9.4 Workshop 4: Reykjavík, March 21-22, 2002 -- Sigurjón Arason and Eva Yngvadóttir: Development -- Peter Tyedmers: Estimating fuel inputs to North Atlantic Fisheries -- Harald Ellingsen: Energy use in the Norwegian fishing fleet and sustainable vessel technology and fleet structure -- Friederike Ziegler: Environmental assessment of seafood with a life cycle perspective -- Bryndís Skuladottír, Halla Jónsdóttir, Helga E -- Frans Silvenius: LCA of rainbow trout cultivation.
Author : Svenningsen, Lea Skræp
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289362510
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)
Download or read book The Use of Economic Instruments in Nordic Environmental Policy 2014–2017 written by Svenningsen, Lea Skræp and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2019-10-25 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the eighth quadrennial report on the use of economic instruments in Nordic environmental policy published by the Nordic Working Group for Environment and Economics. The report comprises two parts. Part I summarises the use of economic instruments in environmental policies of the five countries, during the period 2014-2017. It provides an overview of new instruments and major changes to existing instruments, a detailed country-by-country description of these developments, and a cross-country comparison. Part II provides an overview of the use of voluntary environmental agreements in different environmental sectors across the Nordic countries. It includes an overview and synthesis of studies that have evaluated the effects of voluntary environmental agreements.
Author : Jonathan Klement
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289378158
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)
Download or read book LCA on reuse of packaging in the Nordics written by Jonathan Klement and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2024-515/ The study's goal was to understand the environmental impacts of different types of packaging throughout the life cycle, specifically reusable versus single-use ones, in takeaway and e-commerce industries in Nordic countries. It found that reusable packaging can be more eco-friendly, though how it compares depends on various factors, including how often it's reused. The study emphasises that there's no one-size-fits-all answer, as specific circumstances greatly influence results. However, with smart design and encouraging correct use, reusable packaging could significantly decrease environmental impact, offering a more sustainable path forward.
Author :
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289322306
Total Pages : 85 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)
Download or read book Assessment of initiatives to prevent waste from building and construction sectors written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael Z. Hauschild
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9401797447
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)
Download or read book Life Cycle Impact Assessment written by Michael Z. Hauschild and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-24 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a detailed presentation of the principles and practice of life cycle impact assessment. As a volume of the LCA compendium, the book is structured according to the LCIA framework developed by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)passing through the phases of definition or selection of impact categories, category indicators and characterisation models (Classification): calculation of category indicator results (Characterisation); calculating the magnitude of category indicator results relative to reference information (Normalisation); and converting indicator results of different impact categories by using numerical factors based on value-choices (Weighting). Chapter one offers a historical overview of the development of life cycle impact assessment and presents the boundary conditions and the general principles and constraints of characterisation modelling in LCA. The second chapter outlines the considerations underlying the selection of impact categories and the classification or assignment of inventory flows into these categories. Chapters three through thirteen exploreall the impact categories that are commonly included in LCIA, discussing the characteristics of each followed by a review of midpoint and endpoint characterisation methods, metrics, uncertainties and new developments, and a discussion of research needs. Chapter-length treatment is accorded to Climate Change; Stratospheric Ozone Depletion; Human Toxicity; Particulate Matter Formation; Photochemical Ozone Formation; Ecotoxicity; Acidification; Eutrophication; Land Use; Water Use; and Abiotic Resource Use. The final two chapters map out the optional LCIA steps of Normalisation and Weighting.
Author : Rahman Azari
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1003820034
Total Pages : 487 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Embodied Carbon in the Built Environment written by Rahman Azari and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-12-22 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook explores the critically important topic of embodied carbon, providing advanced insights that focus on measuring and reducing embodied carbon from across the built environment, including buildings, urban areas and cities, and construction materials and components. Split into five distinct sections, international experts, researchers, and professionals present the recent developments in the field of embodied carbon from various perspectives and at different scales of material, building, and city. Following an introduction to the embodied carbon question, the chapters in Section 1 then cover the key debates around issues such as the politics of embodied carbon, links between embodied carbon and thermal mass, and the misuse of carbon offsets. Section 2 reviews the embodied carbon policies in a selected number of countries. Sections 3, 4, and 5 approach the topic of embodied carbon from urban-, building-, and material-scale perspectives, respectively, and use case studies to demonstrate estimation techniques and present opportunities and challenges in embodied carbon mitigation. This will be important reading for upper-level students and researchers in Architecture, Urban Planning, Engineering, and Construction disciplines. Presenting case studies of embodied carbon assessment, this book will also help practicing architects, engineers, and urban planners understand embodied carbon estimation techniques and different mitigation strategies.
Author : Bengt Steen
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429772351
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (297 download)
Download or read book Monetary Valuation of Environmental Impacts written by Bengt Steen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is meant to improve our understanding of sustainable development of production and consumption. Monetary values of the impact of emission and resources are determined, and used in environmental management, with a focus on sustainability. Values related to cultural context are not possible to predict, therefore ignored. The book only focuses on environmental goods and services that are used to satisfy basic human needs. One of the benefits of monetary valuation is its holistic approach. The impact of any contributing factor on the total value, can be determined, and the sensitivity to uncertainty in inputs can be estimated. This is useful in developing knowledge, where it is most needed. In a society, there are many economic units which need to function in tandem to support human welfare. Each unit has its own system boundary in what it includes and covers in time and space. The system boundary of a sustainable unit is likely to be very long and wide. This book provides data on long term monetary values of environmental impacts from human activities. It discusses the choice of system boundaries, and how to use monetary values in sustainable development. A large part of the book describes impact models in terms of the relation between emissions and natural goods and services.
Author :
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289319542
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)
Download or read book Retrospective environmental risk assessment of human pharmaceuticals in the Nordic countries 1997-2007 written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Gerhard Heinemeyer
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3319961489
Total Pages : 613 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)
Download or read book The Practice of Consumer Exposure Assessment written by Gerhard Heinemeyer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-03 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book closes a current gap by providing the scientific basis for consumer exposure assessment in the context of regulatory risk assessment. Risk is defined as the likelihood of an event occurring and the severity of its effects. The margin between the dose that leads to toxic effects and the actual dose of a chemical is identified by estimating population exposure. The objective of this book is to provide an introduction into the scientific principles of consumer exposure assessment, and to describe the methods used to estimate doses of chemicals, the statistics applied and computer tools needed. This is presented through the backgrounds of the special fields in exposure analysis, such as exposure via food and by the use of consumer products, toys, clothing and other items. As a general concept, human exposure is also understood to include exposure via the environment and from the work setting. In this context, the specific features of consumer exposure are pointed out and put into the context of regulation, in particular food safety, chemicals safety (REACh) and consumer product safety. The book is structured into three parts: The first part deals with the general concepts of consumer exposure as part of the overall risk analysis framework of risk characterization, risk assessment and risk communication. It describes the three basic features of exposure assessment (i) the exposure scenario (ii) the exposure model and (iii) the exposure parameters, addressing external and internal exposure. Also, the statistical presentation of data to characterize populations, in connection with variability, uncertainty and quality of information and the presentation of exposure evaluation results is described. The second part deals with the specific issues of exposure assessment, exposure via food consumption, exposure from use of consumer products, household products, toys, cosmetic products, textiles, pesticides and others. This part also covers methods for acquisition of data for exposure estimations, including the relevant information from regulations needed to perform an accurate exposure assessment. The third part portrays a prospect for further needs in the development and improvement of consumer exposure assessment, as well as international activities and descriptions of the work of institutions that are involved in exposure assessment on the regulatory and scientific level. And conversely, it creates the rationale for the exposure assessment details necessary to satisfy regulatory needs such as derivation of upper limits and risk management issues.
