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Nonthermally Dominated Electron Acceleration During Magnetic Reconnection In A Low Beta Plasma
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Book Synopsis Nonthermally Dominated Electron Acceleration During Magnetic Reconnection in a Low-beta Plasma by :
Download or read book Nonthermally Dominated Electron Acceleration During Magnetic Reconnection in a Low-beta Plasma written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work was motivated by electron acceleration during solar flares. After some introductory remarks on proposed particle acceleration mechanisms and questions needing answers, dynamic simulations and simulation results are presented including energy spectra and the formation of the power law distribution. In summary, magnetic reconnection is highly efficient at converting the free magnetic energy stored in a magnetic shear and accelerating electrons to nonthermal energies in low-[beta] regime. The nonthermal electrons have a dominant fraction and form power-law energy spectra with spectral index p ~ 1 in low-[beta] regime. Electrons are preferentially accelerated along the curvature drift direction along the electric field induced by the reconnection outflow. The results can be applied to explain the observations of electron acceleration during solar flares.
Book Synopsis Nonthermally Dominated Electron Acceleration During Magnetic Reconnection in a Low-[beta] Plasma by :
Download or read book Nonthermally Dominated Electron Acceleration During Magnetic Reconnection in a Low-[beta] Plasma written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By means of fully kinetic simulations, we investigate electron acceleration during magnetic reconnection in a nonrelativistic proton-electron plasma with conditions similar to solar corona and flares. We demonstrate that reconnection leads to a nonthermally dominated electron acceleration with a power-law energy distribution in the nonrelativistic low-[beta] regime but not in the high-[beta] regime, where [beta] is the ratio of the plasma thermal pressure and the magnetic pressure. The accelerated electrons contain most of the dissipated magnetic energy in the low-[beta] regime. A guiding-center current description is used to reveal the role of electron drift motions during the bulk nonthermal energization. We find that the main acceleration mechanism is a Fermi-type acceleration accomplished by the particle curvature drift motion along the electric field induced by the reconnection outflows. Although the acceleration mechanism is similar for different plasma [beta], low-[beta] reconnection drives fast acceleration on Alfvénic timescales and develops power laws out of thermal distribution. Thus, the nonthermally dominated acceleration resulting from magnetic reconnection in low-[beta] plasma may have strong implications for the highly efficient electron acceleration in solar flares and other astrophysical systems.
Book Synopsis Particle Acceleration During Magnetic Reconnection in a Low-beta Pair Plasma by :
Download or read book Particle Acceleration During Magnetic Reconnection in a Low-beta Pair Plasma written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma energization through magnetic reconnection in the magnetically dominated regime featured by low plasma beta ([beta]=8[pi]nkT0/B2 “1) and/or high magnetization ([sigma]=B2/(4[pi]nmc2)”1) is important in a series of astrophysical systems such as solar flares, pulsar wind nebula, and relativistic jets from black holes. In this paper, we review the recent progress on kinetic simulations of this process and further discuss plasma dynamics and particle acceleration in a low-[beta] reconnection layer that consists of electron-positron pairs. We also examine the effect of different initial thermal temperatures on the resulting particle energy spectra. While earlier papers have concluded that the spectral index is smaller for higher [sigma], our simulations show that the spectral index approaches p = 1 for sufficiently low plasma [beta], even if [sigma]~1. Since this predicted spectral index in the idealized limit is harder than most observations, it is important to consider effects that can lead to a softer spectrum such as open boundary simulations. Here, we also remark that the effects of three-dimensional reconnection physics and turbulence on reconnection need to be addressed in the future.
Book Synopsis Particle Acceleration and Plasma Dynamics During Magnetic Reconnection in the Magnetically Dominated Regime by :
Download or read book Particle Acceleration and Plasma Dynamics During Magnetic Reconnection in the Magnetically Dominated Regime written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Magnetic Reconnection in Plasmas by : D. Biskamp
Download or read book Magnetic Reconnection in Plasmas written by D. Biskamp and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-09-14 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, first published in 2000, is a comprehensive introduction to this major topic in plasma physics; for graduates and researchers.
Book Synopsis Space Physics and Aeronomy, Solar Physics and Solar Wind by : Nour E. Raouafi
Download or read book Space Physics and Aeronomy, Solar Physics and Solar Wind written by Nour E. Raouafi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-12 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive view of our Sun at the start of a new era in solar and heliospheric physics Humans have been observing and studying our Sun for centuries, yet much is still unknown about the processes that drive its behavior. Thanks to a new generation of space missions and ground telescopes, we are poised to dramatically increase our understanding of the Sun and its environment. Solar Physics and Solar Wind explores advances in solar and heliospheric research over recent decades, as well as the challenges that remain. This comprehensive reference work covers the solar interior, magnetism and radiation, plasma heating and acceleration, the sun's atmosphere, and solar activity. Volume highlights include: Explanations for processes in the solar interior New insights on the solar wind The challenges of measuring the Sun's magnetic field and its radiative output Description of solar atmospheric phenomena such as spicules and jets New developments in understanding flares and coronal mass ejections Ongoing research into how the solar corona is heated The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about the Space Physics and Aeronomy collection in this Q&A with the Editors in Chief
Book Synopsis Artificial Intelligence for Space: AI4SPACE by : Matteo Madi
Download or read book Artificial Intelligence for Space: AI4SPACE written by Matteo Madi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-12-18 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new age space value chain is a complex interconnected system with diverse actors, which involves cross-sector and cross-border collaborations. This book helps to enrich the knowledge of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across the value chain in the space-related domains. Advancements of AI and Machine Learning have impactfully supported the space sector transformation as it is shown in the book. "This book embarks on a journey through the fascinating realm of AI in space, exploring its profound implications, emerging trends, and transformative potential." Prof. Dr. Oliver Ullrich - Director Innovation Cluster Space and Aviaton (UZH Space Hub), University of Zurich, Switzerland Aimed at space engineers, risk analysts, policy makers, technical experts and non-specialists, this book demonstrates insights into the implementation of AI in the space sector, alongside its limitations and use-case examples. It covers diverse AI-related topics applicable to space technologies or space big data such as AI-based technologies for improving Earth Observation big data, AI for space robotics exploration, AI for astrophysics, AI for emerging in-orbit servicing market, and AI for space tourism safety improvement. Key Features: Provides an interdisciplinary approach, with chapter contributions from expert teams working in the governmental or private space sectors, with valuable contributions from computer scientists and legal experts Presents insights into AI implementation and how to unlock AI technologies in the field Up-to-date with the latest developments and cutting-edge applications
Book Synopsis Plasma Astrophysics, Part II by : Boris V. Somov
Download or read book Plasma Astrophysics, Part II written by Boris V. Somov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-16 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-part book is devoted to classic fundamentals and current practices and perspectives of modern plasma astrophysics. This second part discusses the physics of magnetic reconnection and flares of electromagnetic origin in space plasmas in the solar system, single and double stars, relativistic objects, accretion disks and their coronae. More than 25% of the text is updated from the first edition, included the additions of new figures, equations and entire sections on topics such as topological triggers for solar flares and the magnetospheric physics problem. This book is aimed at professional researchers in astrophysics, but it will also be useful to graduate students in space sciences, geophysics, applied physics and mathematics, especially those seeking a unified view of plasma physics and fluid mechanics.
Book Synopsis Magnetic Reconnection in Plasmas by : Dieter Biskamp
Download or read book Magnetic Reconnection in Plasmas written by Dieter Biskamp and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-29 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the theory of magnetic field line reconnection, now a major subject in plasma physics. Biskamp focuses on the various reconnection mechanisms dominating magnetic processes under the different plasma conditions encountered in astrophysical systems and in laboratory fusion devices. The book consists of two major parts: the first deals with the classical resistive approach, while the second presents an overview of weakly collisional or collisionless plasmas. Applications primarily concern astrophysical phenomena and dynamo theory, with emphasis on the solar and geodynamo, as well as magnetospheric substorms--the most spectacular reconnection events in the magnetospheric plasma. The theoretical procedures and results also apply directly to reconnection processes in laboratory plasmas, in particular the sawtooth phenomenon in tokamaks. The book will be of value to graduate students and researchers interested in magnetic processes both in astrophysical and laboratory plasma physics.
Book Synopsis Particle Acceleration During Magnetic Reconnection in Highly Magnetized Plasmas by :
Download or read book Particle Acceleration During Magnetic Reconnection in Highly Magnetized Plasmas written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Observation of Ion Acceleration and Heating During Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection in a Laboratory Plasma by :
Download or read book Observation of Ion Acceleration and Heating During Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection in a Laboratory Plasma written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ion dynamics in a collisionless magnetic reconnection layer are studied in a laboratory plasma. The measured in-plane plasma potential profile, which is established by electrons accelerated around the electron diffusion region, shows a saddle-shaped structure that is wider and deeper towards the outflow direction. This potential structure ballistically accelerates ions near the separatrices toward the outflow direction. Ions are heated as they travel into the high pressure downstream region.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia Of Cosmology, The - Set 2: Frontiers In Cosmology (In 3 Volumes) by : Claudia De Rham
Download or read book Encyclopedia Of Cosmology, The - Set 2: Frontiers In Cosmology (In 3 Volumes) written by Claudia De Rham and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2023-09-21 with total page 1438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second set of The Encyclopedia of Cosmology, in three volumes, continues this major, long-lasting, seminal reference at the graduate student level laid out by the most prominent researchers in the general field of cosmology. Together, these volumes will be a comprehensive review of the most important current topics in cosmology, discussing the important concepts and current status in each field, covering both theory and observation.These three volumes are edited by Dr Giovanni Fazio from the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, with each volume authored or edited by specialists in the area: Modified Gravity by Claudia de Rham and Andrew Tolley (Imperial College), Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics edited by Floyd Stecker (NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center), Black Holes edited by Zoltan Haiman (Columbia University). These volumes follow the earlier publication in 2020 of The Encyclopedia of Cosmology, which comprises the following four volumes: Galaxy Formation and Evolution by Rennan Barkana (Tel Aviv University), Numerical Simulations in Cosmology edited by Kentaro Nagamine (Osaka University / University of Nevada), Dark Energy by Shinji Tsujikawa (Tokyo University of Science), and Dark Matter by Jihn E Kim (Seoul National University). The Encyclopedia aims to provide an overview of the most important topics in cosmology and serve as an up-to-date reference in astrophysics.
Book Synopsis Perseus in Sicily (IAU S342) by : Keiichi Asada
Download or read book Perseus in Sicily (IAU S342) written by Keiichi Asada and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-31 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perseus is an outstanding case in which to study the physics of relativistic plasma and thermal gas, and the interplay between galactic nuclei and galaxy clusters. Ground and space observatories have recently provided some ground-breaking insights into the Perseus system, from a detailed image of a jet launched in the vicinity of a supermassive black hole, through VLBI, to an unexpected degree of turbulence in the cluster core, constrained by high energy resolution in x-rays. While preparing for the next generation observatories that will allow readers to address these questions in other systems, this volume provides some first steps in exploring topics relating to particle acceleration, energy transport between large and small scales and the role of magnetic fields in the launch of relativistic jets. Chapters deal with the latest results covering theory, observations, and numerical simulations, spanning a wide range in physical scales and energy ranges.
Book Synopsis Experimental Study of Ion Heating and Acceleration During Magnetic Reconnection by : Scott Chia Hsu
Download or read book Experimental Study of Ion Heating and Acceleration During Magnetic Reconnection written by Scott Chia Hsu and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy Partition in Magnetic Reconnection and Kinetic Turbulence in Weakly Collisional Plasmas by : Christopher Edward Willmott
Download or read book Energy Partition in Magnetic Reconnection and Kinetic Turbulence in Weakly Collisional Plasmas written by Christopher Edward Willmott and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents the results of two studies detailing the dissipation of energy in magnetic reconnection and decaying turbulence in weakly collisional plasmas. One of the open questions regarding magnetic reconnection is how magnetic energy is dissipated into particle heating, kinetic energy, and supra-thermal particle acceleration; an understanding of energy partition in reconnection may be used to explain numerous physical phenomena such as the turbulent heating of the solar wind and the formation of high-energy astrophysical jets. We find the plasmoid dominated regime results in the formation of magnetised collisionless shocks which cause strong particle heating and the formation of spatially localised high temperature regions for electrons. The detection of these shocks, and the analysis of their role in thermalizing energy, is one of the most original contributions to this thesis; indeed, we are not familiar with any other study where this has previously been reported. We also find non-spatially localised heating for the ions with evidence to suggest that this heating occurs due to the onset of the ion-acoustic instability. The study finds that the particles which are accelerated to the highest energies are accelerated within plasmoids and form power law spectra with spectral slopes of E-1.6. This study proposes a novel mechanism to explain the particle acceleration: a magnetic mirror effect driven by the bulk velocity of the magnetic fields at the trailing edge of the plasmoid. This thesis also reports on the Kinetic Reduced Electron Heating Model (KREHM) using the Viriato code as part of a larger study comparing the limitations of validity of various reduced-kinetic models of plasmas against a fully-kinetic model. Two different ion betas are considered: 0.1 and 0.5. We find that there is excellent agreement between KREHM and the fully-kinetic model over a range far greater than the asymptotic [beta]i ~ me/mi limit would suggest. The KREHM model is also used to demonstrate the importance of electron Landau damping in kinetic turbulence, approaching the fully-kinetic spectral shape when it is included but deviating significantly and approaching the hybrid-kinetic spectra during isothermal runs when it is explicitly excluded. The limits and applicability of KREHM and the other reduced-kinetic approaches examined may provide insight into the pertinent kinetic effects in turbulent collisionless plasmas.
Author :National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine Publisher : ISBN 13 :9780309677608 Total Pages :291 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (776 download)
Book Synopsis Plasma Science by : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine
Download or read book Plasma Science written by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2021-02-28 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma Science and Engineering transforms fundamental scientific research into powerful societal applications, from materials processing and healthcare to forecasting space weather. Plasma Science: Enabling Technology, Sustainability, Security and Exploration discusses the importance of plasma research, identifies important grand challenges for the next decade, and makes recommendations on funding and workforce. This publication will help federal agencies, policymakers, and academic leadership understand the importance of plasma research and make informed decisions about plasma science funding, workforce, and research directions.
Book Synopsis A Study of Magnetized Plasma Turbulence in the Nonrelativistic and Relativistic Regimes by : Cristian Santiago Vega
Download or read book A Study of Magnetized Plasma Turbulence in the Nonrelativistic and Relativistic Regimes written by Cristian Santiago Vega and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turbulence is ubiquitous in space and astrophysical plasmas and is believed to play an important role in particle heating and nonthermal acceleration. These plasmas are commonly threaded by an external magnetic field imposed by the object they surround (e.g., planet, star), making magnetized plasma turbulence a problem of significant interest. In this thesis, we use numerical simulations to study two relatively unexplored regimes of magnetized plasma turbulence, viz., the sub-electron inertial scale in nonrelativistic low electron beta plasmas and both the magnetohydrodynamic and kinetic scales in relativistically hot plasmas. Phenomenology is used to model the energy distribution of turbulent fluctuations and particles. In the nonrelativistic regime studied, energy dissipation is seen to be strongly intermittent, concentrating on electron-scale current sheets. A few of these current sheets exhibit signatures of electron-only reconnection. The particle energy probability density function in the relativistic regime displays a nonthermal tail of ultrarelativistic particles that goes from power-law-like to log-normal as the guide field is increased. We propose that this can be understood in terms of the acceleration mechanism that dominates in each case. Also noteworthy is the observed intermittency in the spatial distribution of ultrarelativistic particles.
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