Noncommercial Culture And Drug Susceptibility Testing Methods For Screening Patients At Risk For Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis

Download Noncommercial Culture And Drug Susceptibility Testing Methods For Screening Patients At Risk For Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Noncommercial Culture And Drug Susceptibility Testing Methods For Screening Patients At Risk For Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Noncommercial Culture and Drug-susceptibility Testing Methods for Screening Patients at Risk for Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789241501620
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Noncommercial Culture and Drug-susceptibility Testing Methods for Screening Patients at Risk for Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Noncommercial Culture and Drug-susceptibility Testing Methods for Screening Patients at Risk for Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several noncommercial culture and drug-susceptibility testing (DST) methods have been developed specifically for settings with limited access to sophisticated laboratory infrastructure and technical expertise. Several rapid, inexpensive methods have shown initial promise. The most advanced are microscopic observation of drug susceptibility (MODS), colorimetric redox indicator (CRI) methods, thin-layer agar methods, the nitrate reductase assay (NRA) and mycobacteriophage-based assays. In 2009, the strength of the evidence for these noncommercial methods was assessed by WHO, following standards appropriate for evaluating both the accuracy of new TB diagnostics and their effect on patients and public health. The results showed that the current evidence is insufficient to recommend the use of thin-layer agar or phage-based assays. There was considered to be sufficient evidence for the use of CRI methods, MODS and NRA under clearly defined programme and operational conditions, in reference laboratories and under strict laboratory protocols, and as an interim solution while capacity for genotypic or automated liquid culture and DST is being developed. Under these conditions, MODS and NRA are recommended for direct testing of sputum specimens. Together with CRI methods, MODS and NRA are also recommended for indirect DST of M. tuberculosis isolates grown in conventional culture. The time to detection of MDR-TB may not necessarily be faster with indirect testing, and none of these methods can detect extensively drug-resistant TB. Conventional culture and DST capacity are therefore still required in all settings.

Global Tuberculosis Report 2013

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241564652
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Global Tuberculosis Report 2013 by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Global Tuberculosis Report 2013 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2013 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the eighteenth global report on tuberculosis (TB) published by WHO in a series that started in 1997. It provides a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic and progress in implementing and financing TB prevention care and control at global regional and country levels using data reported by almost 200 countries that account for over 99% of the world's TB cases. Two years before the 2015 deadline for achievement of global TB targets the 2013 report includes a special supplement that assesses progress towards the 2015 targets and the actions needed to accelerate towards or move beyond them.The report has 8 main chapters. The introductory chapter provides general background on TB as well as an explanation of global targets for TB control the WHO's Stop TB Strategy that covers the period 2006-2015 and the development of a post-2015 global TB strategy. The remaining seven chapters cover the disease burden caused by TB (incidence prevalence mortality); TB case notifications and treatment outcomes; drug resistance surveillance among TB patients and the programmatic response in detecting and providing treatment for multidrug-resistant TB; diagnostics and laboratory strengthening for TB; addressing the co-epidemics of TB and HIV; financing TB care and control; and research and development for new TB diagnostics drugs and vaccines.The four annexes of the report include a thorough explanation of methods used to estimate the burden of disease caused by TB one-page profiles for 22 high TB-burden countries and tables of data on key indicators for all countries organized by WHO region.

Guidelines for Surveillance of Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789241598675
Total Pages : 83 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (986 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Guidelines for Surveillance of Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis by :

Download or read book Guidelines for Surveillance of Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This fourth edition of World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for surveillance of drug resistance in tuberculosis is an updated version of earlier editions published in 1994, 1997 and 2003. These guidelines incorporate the 2007 WHO Interim recommendations for the surveillance of drug resistance in tuberculosis, as well as the conclusions of an Expert Committee Meeting on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveys held in Geneva in September 2008. In addition, the guidelines take into account recent advancements in laboratory diagnostics and subsequent WHO guidance, including the 2008 WHO Policy guidance on drug-susceptibility testing (DST) of second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs and the 2008 WHO Policy Statement, Molecular line probe assays for rapid screening of patients at risk of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Furthermore, these updated guidelines incorporate the wealth of experience gained from 15 years of the Global Project on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance (hereinafter, referred to as the Global Project), a project initiated by WHO and the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union)."--Page ix.

Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789241501583
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (15 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2011 update of Guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis is intended as a tool for use by public health professionals working in response to the Sixty-second World Health Assembly's resolution on prevention and control of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Resolution WHA62.15, adopted in 2009, calls on Member States to develop a comprehensive framework for the management and care of patients with drug-resistant TB. The recommendations contained in these guidelines address the most topical questions concerning the programmatic management of drug-resistant TB: case-finding, multidrug resistance, treatment regimens, monitoring the response to treatment, and selecting models of care. The guidelines primarily target staff and medical practitioners working in TB treatment and control, and partners and organizations providing technical and financial support for care of drug-resistant TB in settings where resources are limited.

Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241547588
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of extensively drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis, especially in countries with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, is a serious threat to global public health and jeopardizes efforts to effectively control the disease. This publication offers updated recommendations for the diagnosis and management of drug-resistant tuberculosis in a variety of geographical, economic and social settings, and the recording of data that enables the monitoring and evaluation of programs.--Publisher's description.

WHO consolidated guidelines on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9789241550529
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (55 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis WHO consolidated guidelines on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment by : World Health Organization

Download or read book WHO consolidated guidelines on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2018-11-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tuberculosis (TB) strains with drug resistance (DR-TB) are more difficult to treat than drug-susceptible ones, and threaten global progress towards the targets set by the End TB Strategy of the World Health Organization (WHO). There is thus a critical need for evidence-based policy recommendations on the treatment and care of patients with DR-TB, based on the most recent and comprehensive evidence available. In this regard, the WHO consolidated guidelines on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment fulfil the mandate of WHO to inform health professionals in Member States on how to improve treatment and care for patients with DR-TB. Between 2011 and 2018, WHO has developed and issued evidence-based policy recommendations on the treatment and care of patients with DR-TB. These policy recommendations have been presented in several WHO documents and their associated annexes, including the WHO treatment guidelines for multidrug- and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis, 2018 update, issued by WHO in December 2018. The policy recommendations in each of these guidelines have been developed by WHO-convened Guideline Development Groups (GDGs), using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to summarize the evidence, and formulate policy recommendations and accompanying remarks. The present Consolidated guidelines include a comprehensive set of WHO recommendations for the treatment and care of DR-TB, derived from these WHO guidelines documents. The consolidated guidelines include policy recommendations on treatment regimens for isoniazid-resistant TB (Hr-TB) and MDR/RR-TB, including longer and shorter regimens, culture monitoring of patients on treatment, the timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in MDR/RR-TB patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), use of surgery for patients receiving MDR-TB treatment, and optimal models of patient support and care.

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6)

Author : King K. Holmes
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464805253
Total Pages : 1027 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) by : King K. Holmes

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

Prevalence of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis Assessed by Next-generation Sequencing

Author : Salam El Achkar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Prevalence of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis Assessed by Next-generation Sequencing by : Salam El Achkar

Download or read book Prevalence of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis Assessed by Next-generation Sequencing written by Salam El Achkar and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tuberculosis (TB) is the first killer infectious disease, with 10 million new cases estimated worldwide in 2017. TB drug resistance and its diagnosis are particularly problematic. Only 25% of the 450,000 incident multidrug resistant (MDR) TB patients estimated over the same year were diagnosed and treated as such.Although Lebanon is a low-TB burden country, significant challenges exist in terms of disease control. Lebanon is the country hosting the largest refugee population proportionally to its national population worldwide, with 1.5 million Syrian refugees as a consequence of the war in Syria, in addition to large populations of Palestinian refugees and migrant workers. Such populations are particularly vulnerable to risks of TB and emergence of drug resistance. The last national survey on the prevalence of drug resistant TB was done 15 years ago, well before the start of the Syrian crisis in 2011. Even most recent reported rates of MDR TB largely relied on estimates. Second-line drug susceptibility testing (DST) and individualized extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB treatments were not available in the country.In order to gain a more comprehensive view of the TB situation, we set up the first nationwide study combining phenotypic and extensive molecular testing to determine the prevalence and extent of TB drug resistance in the country. A total of 417 patients were included, corresponding to all confirmed TB cases reported to the national tuberculosis program between June, 2016 and November, 2017. Lowenstein-Jensen and/or MGIT culturing, and molecular testing using GeneXpert MTB/RIF and/or Anyplex MTB/NTM Real-time were used in Lebanon for diagnostic confirmation and DST. In Lille, we evaluated, for the first time on a nationally representative sample, a new deep sequencing assay called Deeplex-MycTB, for extensive drug resistance prediction and genotyping of patient isolates. MIRU-VNTR typing was used in combination for defining molecular clusters, potentially suggestive of endemically circulating or epidemically transmitted TB strains.For the first time in the country, out of the 354 culture positive TB cases with available DST, 3 XDR cases, resistant to at least rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), kanamycin (KAN)/amikacin (AMI) and levofloxacin (LFX) were detected, in addition to 5 MDR (resistant to at least RIF, INH) cases and one RIF mono-resistant case. Among the remaining cases, 3.4% (12/354) had resistance to INH and streptomycin (SM), 3.4% (12/354) mono-resistance to INH, 0.3% (1/354) mono-resistance to ethambutol (EMB), 8.5% (30/354) mono-resistance to streptomycin (SM), while 81.9% (290/354) were susceptible to all 4 first line drugs. While none of MDR and XDR TB cases were found in molecular clusters, a large cluster comprising 36 other patients was identified, suggestive of a highly endemic or actively transmitted drug susceptible strain.A total of 4184 out of 4407 (94.9%) possible phenotypes could be predicted by Deeplex-MycTB for 339/348 (97.4%) analyzable samples, of which 1282/1380 (92.9%) matched the available phenotypic results. Based on detectable resistance determinants, INH, RIF, EMB and SM resistance was concordantly predicted with 90.3%, 100%, 100%, 52.8% sensitivity, respectively, and susceptibility with 99.6%, 100%, 99.4%, 99.6% specificity, respectively. While predicted first and second-line drug resistance matched almost completely the available phenotypic profiles of the 8 MDR and XDR cases, mutations were additionally detected in all of these 8 cases in targets predicting supplementary pyrazinamide and/or ethionamide resistance, not phenotypically tested. Moreover, resistance to fluoroquinolones was also predicted in 34/339 (10%) non-MDR cases, not subjected to LFX DST. Finally, the use of advanced molecular testing allowed us to identify the first 12 (3.4%) zoonotic TB cases identified in the country [...].

Emerging Infectious Diseases

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1206 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (21 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Emerging Infectious Diseases by :

Download or read book Emerging Infectious Diseases written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 1206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 3

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9240007288
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 3 by : World Health Organization

Download or read book WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 3 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2020-06-22 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Clinical Tuberculosis

Author : Lloyd N. Friedman
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351249975
Total Pages : 469 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Clinical Tuberculosis by : Lloyd N. Friedman

Download or read book Clinical Tuberculosis written by Lloyd N. Friedman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-08-26 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Entirely updated and revised, the 6th edition of Clinical Tuberculosis continues to provide the TB physician with a definitive and erudite account of the latest techniques in diagnosis, treatment and control of TB, including an overview of the latest guidelines from the CDC and WHO. With an increased emphasis on the clinical aspects and treatment, this book will be an invaluable resource to the TB practitioner in public health or clinical practice and an ideal reference to laboratory staff. Key Features Completely updated and reorganized Includes brand new chapters on radiology and an overview of the latest WHO, ATS/CDC/IDSA, ERS, NICE, CTS and IUATLD guidelines Clinically focused to provide up-to-date guidance on diagnosis, treatment and control Edited by three renowned experts in the field of tuberculosis

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocols

Author : Richard Schwalbe
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420014498
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocols by : Richard Schwalbe

Download or read book Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocols written by Richard Schwalbe and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-05-22 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The clinical microbiology laboratory is often a sentinel for the detection of drug resistant strains of microorganisms. Standardized protocols require continual scrutiny to detect emerging phenotypic resistance patterns. The timely notification of clinicians with susceptibility results can initiate the alteration of antimicrobial chemotherapy and

Practical manual on tuberculosis laboratory strengthening

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9240061509
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Practical manual on tuberculosis laboratory strengthening by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Practical manual on tuberculosis laboratory strengthening written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2022-10-31 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Catalogue of mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and their association with drug resistance

Author :
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 924002817X
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Catalogue of mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and their association with drug resistance by :

Download or read book Catalogue of mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and their association with drug resistance written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Understanding Tuberculosis

Author : Pere-Joan Cardona
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 953307938X
Total Pages : 566 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (33 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Understanding Tuberculosis by : Pere-Joan Cardona

Download or read book Understanding Tuberculosis written by Pere-Joan Cardona and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-02-15 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a disease that is transmitted through aerosol. This is the reason why it is estimated that a third of humankind is already infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The vast majority of the infected do not know about their status. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a silent pathogen, causing no symptomatology at all during the infection. In addition, infected people cannot cause further infections. Unfortunately, an estimated 10 per cent of the infected population has the probability to develop the disease, making it very difficult to eradicate. Once in this stage, the bacilli can be transmitted to other persons and the development of clinical symptoms is very progressive. Therefore the diagnosis, especially the discrimination between infection and disease, is a real challenge. In this book, we present the experience of worldwide specialists on the diagnosis, along with its lights and shadows.

Fluorescent Light-emitting Diode (LED) Microscopy for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789241501613
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Fluorescent Light-emitting Diode (LED) Microscopy for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Fluorescent Light-emitting Diode (LED) Microscopy for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light-emitting diodes (LED) have been developed to offer the benefits of fluorescence microscopy without the associated costs. In 2009, the evidence for the efficacy of LED microscopy was assessed by the World Health Organization, on the basis of standards appropriate for evaluating both the accuracy and the effect of new TB diagnostics on patients and public health. The results showed that the accuracy of LED microscopy was equivalent to that of international reference standards, it was more sensitive than conventional Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy and it had qualitative, operational and cost advantages over both conventional fluorescence and Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy. On the basis of these findings, WHO recommends that conventional fluorescence microscopy be replaced by LED microscopy, and that LED microscopy be phased in as an alternative for conventional Ziehl-Neelsen light microscopy.

Tuberculosis

Author : Jean-Marie Kayembe
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789237815
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (892 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Tuberculosis by : Jean-Marie Kayembe

Download or read book Tuberculosis written by Jean-Marie Kayembe and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-09-26 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tuberculosis is an ancient disease with a high incidence and mortality rate, unequally distributed worldwide. Epidemiological indicators, but also risk factors, play a key role in the natural history of the disease and need to be regulary addressed. Low and middle income countries are not prepared for appropriate response and are also the most affected. The incidence of this extrapulmonary disease is far from being clearly established. Epidemiological studies in different geographical areas will help in this field.