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Noncommercial Culture And Drug Susceptibility Testing Methods For Screening Patients At Risk For Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis
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Book Synopsis Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocols by : Richard Schwalbe
Download or read book Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocols written by Richard Schwalbe and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-05-22 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The clinical microbiology laboratory is often a sentinel for the detection of drug resistant strains of microorganisms. Standardized protocols require continual scrutiny to detect emerging phenotypic resistance patterns. The timely notification of clinicians with susceptibility results can initiate the alteration of antimicrobial chemotherapy and
Book Synopsis Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of extensively drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis, especially in countries with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, is a serious threat to global public health and jeopardizes efforts to effectively control the disease. This publication offers updated recommendations for the diagnosis and management of drug-resistant tuberculosis in a variety of geographical, economic and social settings, and the recording of data that enables the monitoring and evaluation of programs.--Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Noncommercial Culture and Drug-susceptibility Testing Methods for Screening Patients at Risk for Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Noncommercial Culture and Drug-susceptibility Testing Methods for Screening Patients at Risk for Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several noncommercial culture and drug-susceptibility testing (DST) methods have been developed specifically for settings with limited access to sophisticated laboratory infrastructure and technical expertise. Several rapid, inexpensive methods have shown initial promise. The most advanced are microscopic observation of drug susceptibility (MODS), colorimetric redox indicator (CRI) methods, thin-layer agar methods, the nitrate reductase assay (NRA) and mycobacteriophage-based assays. In 2009, the strength of the evidence for these noncommercial methods was assessed by WHO, following standards appropriate for evaluating both the accuracy of new TB diagnostics and their effect on patients and public health. The results showed that the current evidence is insufficient to recommend the use of thin-layer agar or phage-based assays. There was considered to be sufficient evidence for the use of CRI methods, MODS and NRA under clearly defined programme and operational conditions, in reference laboratories and under strict laboratory protocols, and as an interim solution while capacity for genotypic or automated liquid culture and DST is being developed. Under these conditions, MODS and NRA are recommended for direct testing of sputum specimens. Together with CRI methods, MODS and NRA are also recommended for indirect DST of M. tuberculosis isolates grown in conventional culture. The time to detection of MDR-TB may not necessarily be faster with indirect testing, and none of these methods can detect extensively drug-resistant TB. Conventional culture and DST capacity are therefore still required in all settings.
Book Synopsis Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2011 update of Guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis is intended as a tool for use by public health professionals working in response to the Sixty-second World Health Assembly's resolution on prevention and control of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Resolution WHA62.15, adopted in 2009, calls on Member States to develop a comprehensive framework for the management and care of patients with drug-resistant TB. The recommendations contained in these guidelines address the most topical questions concerning the programmatic management of drug-resistant TB: case-finding, multidrug resistance, treatment regimens, monitoring the response to treatment, and selecting models of care. The guidelines primarily target staff and medical practitioners working in TB treatment and control, and partners and organizations providing technical and financial support for care of drug-resistant TB in settings where resources are limited.
Book Synopsis Treatment of Tuberculosis by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Treatment of Tuberculosis written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis WHO consolidated guidelines on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment by : World Health Organization
Download or read book WHO consolidated guidelines on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2018-11-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tuberculosis (TB) strains with drug resistance (DR-TB) are more difficult to treat than drug-susceptible ones, and threaten global progress towards the targets set by the End TB Strategy of the World Health Organization (WHO). There is thus a critical need for evidence-based policy recommendations on the treatment and care of patients with DR-TB, based on the most recent and comprehensive evidence available. In this regard, the WHO consolidated guidelines on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment fulfil the mandate of WHO to inform health professionals in Member States on how to improve treatment and care for patients with DR-TB. Between 2011 and 2018, WHO has developed and issued evidence-based policy recommendations on the treatment and care of patients with DR-TB. These policy recommendations have been presented in several WHO documents and their associated annexes, including the WHO treatment guidelines for multidrug- and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis, 2018 update, issued by WHO in December 2018. The policy recommendations in each of these guidelines have been developed by WHO-convened Guideline Development Groups (GDGs), using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to summarize the evidence, and formulate policy recommendations and accompanying remarks. The present Consolidated guidelines include a comprehensive set of WHO recommendations for the treatment and care of DR-TB, derived from these WHO guidelines documents. The consolidated guidelines include policy recommendations on treatment regimens for isoniazid-resistant TB (Hr-TB) and MDR/RR-TB, including longer and shorter regimens, culture monitoring of patients on treatment, the timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in MDR/RR-TB patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), use of surgery for patients receiving MDR-TB treatment, and optimal models of patient support and care.
Book Synopsis Understanding Tuberculosis by : Pere-Joan Cardona
Download or read book Understanding Tuberculosis written by Pere-Joan Cardona and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-02-15 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a disease that is transmitted through aerosol. This is the reason why it is estimated that a third of humankind is already infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The vast majority of the infected do not know about their status. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a silent pathogen, causing no symptomatology at all during the infection. In addition, infected people cannot cause further infections. Unfortunately, an estimated 10 per cent of the infected population has the probability to develop the disease, making it very difficult to eradicate. Once in this stage, the bacilli can be transmitted to other persons and the development of clinical symptoms is very progressive. Therefore the diagnosis, especially the discrimination between infection and disease, is a real challenge. In this book, we present the experience of worldwide specialists on the diagnosis, along with its lights and shadows.
Book Synopsis WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 3 by : World Health Organization
Download or read book WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 3 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2020-06-22 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Global Tuberculosis Report 2013 by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Global Tuberculosis Report 2013 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2013 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the eighteenth global report on tuberculosis (TB) published by WHO in a series that started in 1997. It provides a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic and progress in implementing and financing TB prevention care and control at global regional and country levels using data reported by almost 200 countries that account for over 99% of the world's TB cases. Two years before the 2015 deadline for achievement of global TB targets the 2013 report includes a special supplement that assesses progress towards the 2015 targets and the actions needed to accelerate towards or move beyond them.The report has 8 main chapters. The introductory chapter provides general background on TB as well as an explanation of global targets for TB control the WHO's Stop TB Strategy that covers the period 2006-2015 and the development of a post-2015 global TB strategy. The remaining seven chapters cover the disease burden caused by TB (incidence prevalence mortality); TB case notifications and treatment outcomes; drug resistance surveillance among TB patients and the programmatic response in detecting and providing treatment for multidrug-resistant TB; diagnostics and laboratory strengthening for TB; addressing the co-epidemics of TB and HIV; financing TB care and control; and research and development for new TB diagnostics drugs and vaccines.The four annexes of the report include a thorough explanation of methods used to estimate the burden of disease caused by TB one-page profiles for 22 high TB-burden countries and tables of data on key indicators for all countries organized by WHO region.
Book Synopsis Clinical Tuberculosis by : Lloyd N. Friedman
Download or read book Clinical Tuberculosis written by Lloyd N. Friedman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-08-26 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Entirely updated and revised, the 6th edition of Clinical Tuberculosis continues to provide the TB physician with a definitive and erudite account of the latest techniques in diagnosis, treatment and control of TB, including an overview of the latest guidelines from the CDC and WHO. With an increased emphasis on the clinical aspects and treatment, this book will be an invaluable resource to the TB practitioner in public health or clinical practice and an ideal reference to laboratory staff. Key Features Completely updated and reorganized Includes brand new chapters on radiology and an overview of the latest WHO, ATS/CDC/IDSA, ERS, NICE, CTS and IUATLD guidelines Clinically focused to provide up-to-date guidance on diagnosis, treatment and control Edited by three renowned experts in the field of tuberculosis
Download or read book Emerging Infectious Diseases written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 1206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Recommendations for Investigating Contacts of Persons with Infectious Tuberculosis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Recommendations for Investigating Contacts of Persons with Infectious Tuberculosis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main purpose of these recommendations is to assist national and local public health tuberculosis (TB) control programmes in low- and middle-income countries to develop and implement case finding among people exposed to infectious cases of TB. Systematic evaluation of people who have been exposed to potentially infectious cases of tuberculosis (TB) can be an efficient, targeted approach to intensified TB case finding that is within the purview of TB control programmes. There are, however, no comprehensive global recommendations for programmes. WHO, the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease and the International Standards for Tuberculosis Care all recommend that children under 5 years of age and persons living with HIV (PLHIV) who are exposed to infectious cases of TB be evaluated for active TB and considered for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) if active TB is excluded. With these exceptions, there are no recommendations at global level to: 1. define the epidemiological and programme conditions under which contact investigation is indicated;2. describe TB index patients on whom contact investigation should be focused;3. identify TB contacts who should be investigated (other than children under 5 years of age and PLHIV);and recommend the procedures to be used for identifying, screening and tracking TB contacts. The following recommendations are based on recent systematic reviews of the literature on contact investigation in low- and middle-income countries.
Book Synopsis Laboratory Methods for Clinical and Public Health by : George P. Kubica
Download or read book Laboratory Methods for Clinical and Public Health written by George P. Kubica and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fluorescent Light-emitting Diode (LED) Microscopy for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Fluorescent Light-emitting Diode (LED) Microscopy for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light-emitting diodes (LED) have been developed to offer the benefits of fluorescence microscopy without the associated costs. In 2009, the evidence for the efficacy of LED microscopy was assessed by the World Health Organization, on the basis of standards appropriate for evaluating both the accuracy and the effect of new TB diagnostics on patients and public health. The results showed that the accuracy of LED microscopy was equivalent to that of international reference standards, it was more sensitive than conventional Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy and it had qualitative, operational and cost advantages over both conventional fluorescence and Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy. On the basis of these findings, WHO recommends that conventional fluorescence microscopy be replaced by LED microscopy, and that LED microscopy be phased in as an alternative for conventional Ziehl-Neelsen light microscopy.
Book Synopsis The Use of Bedaquiline in the Treatment of Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis by : World Health Organization
Download or read book The Use of Bedaquiline in the Treatment of Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WHO estimates that up to half a million new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) occur worldwide, each year. Current treatment regimens for MDR-TB present many challenges: treatment lasts 20 months or more, requiring daily administration of drugs that are more toxic, less effective, and far more expensive than those used to treat drug-susceptible TB. Globally, less than half of all patients who start MDR-TB therapy are treated successfully. For the first time in over 40 years, a new TB drug with a novel mechanism of action - bedaquiline- is available, and was granted accelerated approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration in December 2012. There is considerable interest in the potential of this drug to treat MDR-TB. However, information about this new drug remains limited. It has only been through two Phase IIb trials for safety and efficacy. The World Health Organization (WHO) is therefore issuing "interim policy guidance". This interim guidance provides advice on the inclusion of bedaquiline in the combination therapy of MDR-TB in accordance with the existing WHO Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant TB (2011 Update).
Book Synopsis Practical manual on tuberculosis laboratory strengthening by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Practical manual on tuberculosis laboratory strengthening written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2022-10-31 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis MICROBIAL RESEARCH by : Vinita Katiyar
Download or read book MICROBIAL RESEARCH written by Vinita Katiyar and published by I K International Pvt Ltd. This book was released on 2018-10-15 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, a compilation of 21 chapters, includes research findings and review articles contributed by scientists and researchers in different areas of microbiology. It contains review articles on bacterial pheromones, biosensors, various microbial enzymes, industrial biocatalysis, chaperones and proteases, present scenario of tuberculosis, diagnostic techniques for indoor dust enumeration including the human papilloma virus. In a nutshell, it contains useful information about the current hot spots of microbiology, enlisting the latest techniques. For all those involved in the pursuit of microbial ecology, medical microbiology, industrial microbiology, environmental microbiology and microbial physiology, this volume will prove to be immensely useful and stimulating.
