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Non Projecting Words
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Book Synopsis Non-Projecting Words by : I. Toivonen
Download or read book Non-Projecting Words written by I. Toivonen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing primarily on Swedish, a Germanic language whose particles have not previously been studied extensively, this study develops a theory of non-projecting words in which particles are morphologically independent words that do not project phrases. It identifies the violations of the basic tenets of X-bar theory and develops a formally explicit revision of X-bar theory that can accommodate the requisite "weak" projections.
Book Synopsis Barayin Morphosyntax by : Joseph Lovestrand
Download or read book Barayin Morphosyntax written by Joseph Lovestrand and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-21 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) analysis of the morphosyntax of Barayin, a Chadic language spoken by about 6000 people in the Guera region of Chad. The core chapters of the book draw on rich empirical data to provide analyses of the basic clause, noun phrases, verb phrases, and serial verb constructions. The version of LFG adopted here includes two recent innovations: the first is minimal c-structure, which results in simpler phrase structure representations; the second is the assumption that glue semantics accounts for argument selection, rejecting the need for a level of a-structure or for Completeness and Coherence in f-structure. Argument sharing in serial verb constructions can thus be modeled in a connected s-structure. This method of modeling semantic composition in complex predicates is extended to directional and associated motion complex predicates in Choctaw and Wambaya, removing the need to appeal to a special mechanism to unite semantic forms in such constructions.
Book Synopsis The Handbook of Lexical Functional Grammar by : Mary Dalrymple
Download or read book The Handbook of Lexical Functional Grammar written by Mary Dalrymple and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2023-12-14 with total page 2192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) is a nontransformational theory of linguistic structure, first developed in the 1970s by Joan Bresnan and Ronald M. Kaplan, which assumes that language is best described and modeled by parallel structures representing different facets of linguistic organization and information, related by means of functional correspondences. This volume has five parts. Part I, Overview and Introduction, provides an introduction to core syntactic concepts and representations. Part II, Grammatical Phenomena, reviews LFG work on a range of grammatical phenomena or constructions. Part III, Grammatical modules and interfaces, provides an overview of LFG work on semantics, argument structure, prosody, information structure, and morphology. Part IV, Linguistic disciplines, reviews LFG work in the disciplines of historical linguistics, learnability, psycholinguistics, and second language learning. Part V, Formal and computational issues and applications, provides an overview of computational and formal properties of the theory, implementations, and computational work on parsing, translation, grammar induction, and treebanks. Part VI, Language families and regions, reviews LFG work on languages spoken in particular geographical areas or in particular language families. The final section, Comparing LFG with other linguistic theories, discusses LFG work in relation to other theoretical approaches.
Book Synopsis Morphosyntactic Change by : Bettelou Los
Download or read book Morphosyntactic Change written by Bettelou Los and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-03 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particle verbs (combinations of two words but lexical units) are a notorious problem in linguistics. Is a particle verb like look up one word or two? It has its own entry in dictionaries, as if it is one word, but look and up can be split up in a sentence: we can say He looked the information up and He looked up the information. But why can't we say He looked up it? In English look and up can only be separated by a direct object, but in Dutch the two parts can be separated over a much longer distance. How did such hybrid verbs arise and how do they function? How can we make sense of them in modern theories of language structure? This book sets out to answer these and other questions, explaining how these verbs fit into the grammatical systems of English and Dutch.
Book Synopsis The Logic of Pronominal Resumption by : Ash Asudeh
Download or read book The Logic of Pronominal Resumption written by Ash Asudeh and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2012-01-19 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a cross-linguistic investigation of resumptive pronouns and related phenomena. Pronominal resumption is the realization of the base of a syntactic dependency as a bound pronoun. Resumption occurs in unbounded dependencies, such as relative clauses and questions, and in the variety of raising known as copy raising. Processing factors may also give rise to resumption, even in environments where it does not normally occur in a given language. Ash Asudeh proposes a new theory of resumption based on the use of a resource logic for semantic composition and the typologically robust observation that resumptive pronouns are ordinary pronouns in their morphological and lexical properties. The framework for semantic composition is Glue Semantics and the syntactic framework is Lexical-Functional Grammar. The author introduces these frameworks and the concept of resource logics accessibly and compares results and explanations with those offered by a number of contrasting theoretical frameworks. The theory achieves a novel unification of hitherto heterogeneous resumption phenomena. It unifies two kinds of resumptive pronouns that are found in unbounded dependencies - one kind behaves syntactically like a gap, whereas the other kind does not. It also unifies resumptive pronouns in unbounded dependencies with the obligatory pronouns in copy raising. The theory also provides the basis for a new understanding of processing-based resumption, both in production and in parsing and interpretation. This book makes a substantial contribution to the understanding of the syntax-semantics interface, the nature of unbounded dependencies, and linguistic variation. It is clearly written and includes examples from a wide range of languages, such as English, Hebrew, Irish, Swedish, and Vata. It will interest researchers in syntax and semantics and its results are also relevant to computational linguistics, psycholinguistics, and the logical analysis of language. Short blurb This book is a cross-linguistic investigation of resumptive pronouns and related resumption phenomena. The author proposes a new theory of resumption based on the use of a resource logic for semantic composition and the typologically robust observation that resumptive pronouns are ordinary pronouns in their morphological and lexical properties.
Download or read book Clitics written by Andrew Spencer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-12 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In most languages we find 'little words' which resemble a full word, but which cannot stand on their own. Instead they have to 'lean on' a neighbouring word, like the 'd, 've and unstressed 'em of Kim'd've helped'em ('Kim would have helped them'). These are clitics, and they are found in most of the world's languages. In English the clitic forms appear in the same place in the sentence that the full form of the word would appear in but in many languages clitics obey quite separate rules of placement. This book is the first introduction to clitics, providing a complete summary of their properties, their uses, the reasons why they are of interest to linguists and the various theoretical approaches that have been proposed for them. The book describes a whole host of clitic systems and presents data from over 100 languages.
Book Synopsis Resumption as Resource Management by : Ash Asudeh
Download or read book Resumption as Resource Management written by Ash Asudeh and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis First [and Second] Report of the General Committee of Railroads on Safety Appliance Standards ... November 12th, 1910 [-April 12, 1911] by : General committee of railroads on safety appliance standards
Download or read book First [and Second] Report of the General Committee of Railroads on Safety Appliance Standards ... November 12th, 1910 [-April 12, 1911] written by General committee of railroads on safety appliance standards and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Justice of the Peace and Local Government Review by :
Download or read book Justice of the Peace and Local Government Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Justice of the Peace written by and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page 970 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New York Supplement written by and published by . This book was released on 1904 with total page 1170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes decisions of the Supreme Court and various intermediate and lower courts of record; May/Aug. 1888-Sept../Dec. 1895, Superior Court of New York City; Mar./Apr. 1926-Dec. 1937/Jan. 1938, Court of Appeals.
Download or read book The New York Supplement written by and published by . This book was released on 1904 with total page 1266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Cases argued and determined in the Court of Appeals, Supreme and lower courts of record of New York State, with key number annotations." (varies)
Book Synopsis The Swedish Nation in Word and Picture by : Herman Lundborg
Download or read book The Swedish Nation in Word and Picture written by Herman Lundborg and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biology Of Enlightenment by : Mukunda Rao
Download or read book Biology Of Enlightenment written by Mukunda Rao and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2012-07-21 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book we meet with the modern sage, U.G. Krishnamurti, and listen to his penetrating voice describing life and reality as it is. What is body and what is mind? Is there a soul? Is there a beyond, a God? What is enlightenment? Is there a life after death? Never before have these questions been tackled with such simplicity, candour and clarity. In these unpublished early conversations with friends (1967-71), U.G.discusses in detail his search for the truth and how he underwent radical biological changes in 1967. Preferring to call it the natural state over enlightenment, he insists that whatever transformation he has undergone is within the structure of the human body and not in the mind at all. It is the natural state of being that sages like the Buddha, Jesus and, in modern times, Sri Ramana, stepped into. And U.G.never tires of pointing out that 'this is the way you, stripped of the machinations of thought, are also functioning.'
Download or read book The Bee-keepers' Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1920 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Language written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 1018 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New York Supreme Court written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 1160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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