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Non Discrimination In Turkey
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Book Synopsis Non-Discrimination in Turkey by : Gözde Yılmaz
Download or read book Non-Discrimination in Turkey written by Gözde Yılmaz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-08 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book “Non-discrimination in Turkey” focuses on issue areas within the broader non-discrimination framework in Turkey. It looks domestic change in Turkey regarding non-discrimination across time. The book unpacks the principle of non-discrimination and provides analysis in many issue areas like LGBTI rights, disability rights or age discrimination that rely under the framework of non-discrimination. Adopting a comprehensive approach including many areas within non-discrimination, the book will be useful for the students, scholars and researchers of international relations, political science, Middle East and Turkish studies and those interested in human rights.
Download or read book Country Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Country Report : Non-Discrimination Turkey by : Dilek Kurban
Download or read book Country Report : Non-Discrimination Turkey written by Dilek Kurban and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Country Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Country Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Country Report Non-discrimination by :
Download or read book Country Report Non-discrimination written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Turkey is not a member of the European Union, Directives 2000/43/EC and 2000/78/EC have not been transposed or implemented. The Law on the Human Rights and Equality Institution of Turkey (No. 6701), the anti-discrimination law adopted in 2016, prohibits direct, indirect and multiple discrimination as well as instruction to discriminate, discrimination by assumption, segregation, harassment and mobbing in the workplace. Discrimination by association is not included. The grounds covered by the Law are limited and it prohibits discrimination only on the basis of sex, race, colour, language, religion, belief, denomination, philosophical or political opinion, ethnic origin, wealth, birth, marital status, health, disability and age. Furthermore, there are anti-discrimination provisions in the Constitution and in several laws. Most notable among the laws with anti-discrimination clauses is the Law on Persons with Disabilities, which could be considered as an anti-discrimination law. However, the law prohibits discrimination solely on the ground of disability and has limited material scope. In addition, various laws, including the Labour Law, the Turkish Penal Code and the Law on National Education, have anti-discrimination clauses, but again with limited material scope. Sexual orientation is not enumerated in any of the laws, including the Law on the Human Rights and Equality Institution of Turkey, or in the Constitution, despite the consistent efforts of human rights and LGBTI+ associations. Age is explicitly listed as a protected ground only in the Law on the Human Rights and Equality Institution of Turkey. However, as with sexual orientation, age was also recognised as a ground by the Constitutional Court. The said laws and provisions, as well as precedents set by the Constitutional Court, are not being implemented. While hatred and incitement to hatred are prohibited under the Turkish Penal Code, as noted by the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI), the 'definition of hate crime is excessively narrow and the Criminal Code does not explicitly provide that racist and homo/transphobic motivation constitutes an aggravating circumstance'. Moreover, hate speech grounds are exhaustive and do not include ethnicity, age and sexual orientation. Besides, existing provisions are scarcely applied to cases of hate crimes or hate speech. The anti-discrimination law does not prohibit hate speech or hate crime. The Constitutional Court for the first time found a violation in a hate speech case in 2021.
Author :Nihan Akincilar Köseoglu Publisher :Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften ISBN 13 :9783631829714 Total Pages :274 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (297 download)
Book Synopsis Challenging Discrimination in Different Areas: Turkey by : Nihan Akincilar Köseoglu
Download or read book Challenging Discrimination in Different Areas: Turkey written by Nihan Akincilar Köseoglu and published by Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although legal arrangements have been made against discrimination, discrimination is both explicitly and implicitly active in different parts of society and in different areas. In order to recognize, understand, and oppose these forms of discrimination, it is necessary to be a defender of human rights and to know what discrimination means.
Download or read book Country Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turkey is a multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multilingual society. There are no official data on the composition of the population on the basis of ethnicity, denomination and mother tongue, as the Government has refrained from asking such questions in censuses since the 1960s. Pursuant to the 1923 Lausanne Peace Treaty signed with the Allies, the Turkish Government reluctantly granted minority status to non-Muslim minorities, subsequently de facto limiting protection to Jews, and Armenian and Greek Orthodox Christians by excluding other non-Muslim groups such as Syriac and Protestant Christians. In 2013, a lower court challenged this official minority policy for the first time by holding that the Treaty of Lausanne granted minority status and rights to all non-Muslim citizens.
Download or read book A Quest for Equality written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though Turkey is a land of vast ethnic, linguistic and religious diversity - home not only to Turks, Kurds and Armenians, but also, among others, Alevis, Ezidis, Assyrians, Laz, Caferis, Roma, Rum, Caucasians and Jews, the history of the state is one of severe repression of minorities in the name of nationalism. This report sets current law and practice in Turkey against the backdrop of equivalent international standards on linguistic rights of minorities; freedom of religion, thought and conscience; freedom of expression; freedom of assembly and association; political participation; property rights and anti-discrimination.
Book Synopsis Discrimination based on Colour, Ethnic Origin, Language, Religion and Belief in Turkey’s Education System by : Nurcan Kaya
Download or read book Discrimination based on Colour, Ethnic Origin, Language, Religion and Belief in Turkey’s Education System written by Nurcan Kaya and published by Minority Rights Group. This book was released on 2015-10-27 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Turkish government is urged to make a fundamental shift in its approach to education by Minority Rights Group International (MRG) in a new report. A long-standing focus on state-building has been supplemented by increasing emphasis on religious teaching. Both feature strongly in the education system in Turkey making schools a focus of discrimination. The report, Discrimination based on Colour, Ethnic Origin, Language, Religion and Belief in Turkey’s Education System, reveals evidence of discrimination of minority groups and suggests comprehensive reforms to effectively ensure equality. “The ‘national’ education system, which for decades aimed to create young Turkish nationalists, has in recent years become a vehicle for raising young religious Turkish nationalists,” says Nurcan Kaya, Turkey Coordinator of Minority Rights Group International. Religious education is compulsory from grade four in primary schools. While some information on world religions has been introduced, the emphasis remains on teaching Sunni Muslim religious practices. Children of Jewish and Christian families may apply to opt out, but the process can be cumbersome and in many schools alternatives are not provided for them. Non-Muslim students who have opted out can still find themselves having to remain in the religious instruction class or alternatively having to wander in the school corridor – making them vulnerable to taunts from pupils and even teachers. The opt out possibility is still not available to children of other minorities. Another issue is mother tongue education. In 2012, a new elective on the living languages and dialects in Turkey was introduced but due to various limitations, minorities remain marginalised “others” in the education system. Subsequent to the 2012 reform, the report monitors discrimination in the formal education system in the period of the academic year of 2014-2015. The findings are based on the field work of the Monitoring Discrimination in Education Network, an alliance of 16 organizations working in Turkey. The report compiles numerous cases of discrimination based on language, religion, ethnicity, skin colour and the level of income. “In order to bring about a fundamental solution to these problems in the education system, the government must prioritise developing an approach that sees all groups as equal and that responds to demands for rights based on such an understanding of equality,” says Kaya. The report highlights that Turkey has no anti-discrimination law or an equality commission to which victims of discrimination can apply. The existing legislation contains no effective and accessible means of judicial remedies or compensation. Therefore, many discriminatory practices are not reported to school administrations. “The entire education system is based on Turkishness. Non-Turkish groups are either not referred to or referred in a negative way,” says Kaya. “Education system has played a significant role in deepening conflict in society. The positive representation of other groups in the education system would contribute to social peace and harmony.” In order to resolve the many problems in the education system that the current approach causes, the overall aim of government education policy should be cleared of ideological references, and the protection of children’s best interests and the right to education in line with international standards should be considered its fundamental goal, says the report.
Download or read book Country Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After snap presidential elections on 24 June 2018, Turkey changed from a parliamentary to a presidential system, which the Venice Commission has found to constitute 'an excessive concentration of executive powers in the hands of the President and the weakening of parliamentary control of that power'. The President now has unsupervised and exclusive powers to appoint and dismiss ministers and high-ranking state officials, dissolve the Parliament on any grounds and declare a state of emergency. He also appoints four of the 13 members of the High Council of Judges and Prosecutors, which oversees the appointment, promotion and dismissal of judges and prosecutors. The President also has wide de facto legislative powers by virtue of his authority to issue presidential decrees on 'matters relating to executive powers'. Since the failed coup in 2016, Turkey has been ruled by a de facto presidential system against the principles of the separation of powers, constitutional review and the supremacy of the Parliament in law-making. During the emergency regime, declared on 21 July 2016 and lifted on 17 July 2018, 36 executive decrees having the force of law were adopted. Of the 31 decrees adopted up to March 2018, only five were approved by the Turkish Parliament, although the Constitution requires their ex post facto legislative approval. None of the decrees has been subject to review by the Constitutional Court.
Book Synopsis LGBTI Rights in Turkey by : Fait Muedini
Download or read book LGBTI Rights in Turkey written by Fait Muedini and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-12-06 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turkey's hostile approach to the LGBTI community leads Muedini to document the history of LGBTI rights, rights abuses, and activist strategies to secure LGBTI rights in Turkey.
Book Synopsis Nationalism and Non-Muslim Minorities in Turkey, 1915 - 1950 by : Ayhan Aktar
Download or read book Nationalism and Non-Muslim Minorities in Turkey, 1915 - 1950 written by Ayhan Aktar and published by Transnational Press London. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ayhan Aktar has been working on anti-minority policies in modern Turkey since 1991. In the Ottoman Empire’s final decade (in 1906), non-Muslims constituted 20% of the population; by 1927, they were reduced to 2.5% and, nowadays, they make up less than 0.02% of the population of Modern Turkey. Armenians were subjected to deportations (1915), Greeks were ‘exchanged’ (1922–1924) and Jews were forced to migrate abroad (after 1945). Like many other nation-states in the Near East, Turkey has been able to homogenize its population on religious grounds. This book is a collection of Aktar's articles about this transformation. Aktar criticises nationalist historiographies and argues "For instance, a scholar conducting research on the Jewish community during the republican period could easily come to the conclusion that only Jews were discriminated against by the Turkish state. However, this is only partially true! All non-Muslim minorities were discriminated against and their stories cannot be understood unless the Turkish state and its policies are placed at centre stage. Utilizing diplomatic correspondence in the British and US National Archives has enabled me to understand anti-minority policies as a whole and to treat the subject within a totality." This book will interest scholars and students of nationalism, minority studies and Turkish history and politics. CONTENTS Foreword Chapter 1. Debating the Armenian Massacres in the Last Ottoman Parliament, November – December 1918 Chapter 2. Organizing The Deportations and Massacres: Ottoman Bureaucracy and the Cup, 1915 – 1918 Chapter 3. Homogenizing the Nation, Turkifying the Economy: The Turkish Experience of Population Exchange Reconsidered Chapter 4. Conversion of a ‘Country’ into a ‘Fatherland’: The Case of Turkification Examined, 1923–1934 Chapter 5. “Turkification” Policies in the Early Republican Era Chapter 6. “Tax Me to the End of My Life!” Anatomy of Anti-Minority Tax Legislation, (1942 - 3) Chapter 7. Turkish Attitudes vis à vis The Zionist Project by Ayhan Aktar and Soli Özel Chapter 8. Economic Nationalism in Turkey: The Formative Years, 1912 – 1925
Book Synopsis Human Rights in Turkey by : Hasan Aydin
Download or read book Human Rights in Turkey written by Hasan Aydin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-09 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides the historical setting of Turkey related to the development of democracy, human rights issues, the treatment of cultural and ethnic minorities, and the short- and long-term consequences of the crackdown including impacts on individuals, institutions like education and the media, the criminal justice system, the economy, and Turkey’s standing in the international community. Since the foundation of the Republic of Turkey, the military and the media have been the main traditional powers of oppressive, secularist, and nationalist regimes in the country. After a period of initial reforms, rather than eliminating the structures of the authoritarian state, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan seized the levers of power and used them aggressively against his political enemies. He turned Turkey into a one-man regime after the failed coup attempt on July 15, 2016, and his actions included the widespread violation of human rights. This book tells the tale of the consequences of the measures taken after the failed coup attempt that have adversely impacted the development of democracy and human rights in Turkey, altering the nation’s course of history. Beginning with a State of Emergency that was declared in July of 2016, Turkey has moved to a more authoritarian state. Among the consequences of the actions taken have been imprisonment of hundreds of thousands, the shuttering of media, the dismissal of public employees, the dismissal of academics, jailed elected Kurdish politicians, and the misuse of the criminal justice to victimize the population. Adverse effects have included widespread violations of human rights, torture, and mistreatment of prisoners, false imprisonment, and the absence of the right to a fair trial. This book examines some of the thorniest questions of Turkish democratization and human rights, including the underlying reasons for the decay of democracy and what has happened as a result of this decay. Among these is a deterioration of the educational system, a reduction in economic stability, the absence of the rule of law and due process, a radical transformation of the country, and violations of universal human rights. Endorsements: As one who knows people who have been victimized by the authoritarian regime in Turkey, “Human Rights in Turkey” provides unique insights and perspectives on the changes that have befallen his wonderful country. It is truly insightful. David L. Carter, Ph.D., Michigan State University Human Rights in Turkey: Assaults on Human Dignity fills a major gap in contemporary political scholarship. Its elucidation of Turkey’s democratic backsliding into a one-man authoritarian regime is insightful and unique. Absolutely required reading for anyone who cares about this beautiful country, its wonderful people, and its uncertain future. Kati Piri, Member of the European Parliament and Delegation to the EU-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee Aydin’s and Langley’s book addresses critical issues in a critical case. Turkey had been regarded as a rising democracy in a troubled region, but in recent years the country has experienced troubling signs of democratic erosion. Central to that decline is the precarious status of basic human rights of expression, association, religion, and due process. This book explores what has happened and how it affects individuals and the Turkish polity more broadly. John M. Carey, Ph.D.. Wentworth Professor in the Social Sciences, Dartmouth College, NH, USA Turkey was once a poster-boy of the league of modernizing countries – a staunch ally of the West, an almost-democracy that would become better soon enough. It might even be the first Muslim country to join the European Union. That image now lies shattered under the erratic one-man-show of Tayyip Erdoğan. The police state reigns supreme, opposition is cowed, the courts are in shambles, and more journalists are jailed for their opinions than in any other country. How did it all come to this pass? This collection of essays examines the visible and obscure causes of the catclysmic events that have transformed Turkey. They question the long-established state of semi-freedom under secular rule, as well as the “Islamic” challenges that have arisen since Erdoğan’s rise to power. Sevan Nisanyan, Historian, Linguist, and Political Refugee, Greece Situated right at the border between East and West, Turkey and its volatile political development continues to attract attention from people interested in the prospect for democracy. This book offers an impressive and thorough account of the recent democratic backsliding and reveals that not only the hope for a consolidation of liberal democracy but also large sections of the population are victims of rising authoritarianism. Jacob Torfing, PhD., Professor in Politics and Institutions, Roskilde University, Denmark A fascinating book detailing the rapid deterioration of human rights in Turkey, involving false imprisonment, job dismissals, media restrictions, and due process violations. A careful examination of the swift decline of democracy, transforming a prospering country into one where economic, educational, and social stability, and the operation of the justice system were impacted by a government declaration of a State of Emergency. A comprehensive analysis of the ways in which a society changes when human rights are not enforced in accord with the principles of due process and the rule of law. Jay Albanese, PhD., Virginia Commonwealth University, Wilder School of Government & Public Affairs As a human rights activist and a victim of severe human rights violations in Turkey, I recognize the value of the chapters, as they provide a thorough examination and analysis of subjects regarding Human rights violations in Turkey. The book comprehensively chronicles the events pertaining to the steady rise of political authoritarianism. The relevancy of the issues addressed in each chapter make the book important in regard to the emerging civil society movement in Turkey. Furthermore, the descriptions of the severe decline of human rights and the democratic backsliding towards authoritarianism and facism during the last decade in Turkey, highlights the significance of the book. Haluk Savas, PhD., Professor of Psychiatry, Psychotherapist And Editor in Chief of KHK TV (Voice of Rights), Turkey Human rights violations are a world-wide phenomenon, occurring in various capacities and to varying degrees in each country. However, unique to Turkey, is the rapid increase in violations that are not the result of deeply rooted social practices, but rather are contingent upon political decisions. Therefore, the cases of these violations are worthy of study. Hercules Millas, PhD., Political Scientist, Greece We are living in a “Geography of Genocide.”Historically, Unionists (committtee of union and progress) who committed the 1915 Armenian Genocide, established the Republic of Turkey. As a result, a distorted history and official ideology for the state was established. Furthermore, “redlines” in the country, such as the Kurdish Question, the Armenian Genocide, and the Cyprus Issue, were fabricated. Until today, the Turkish Republic remains in denial of the problems that have caused major human rights violations. This book chronicles a very important reality that evaluates the “core state structure” in Turkey, which remains intact even though rulers have changed, through human rights violations. Eren Keskin, Lawyer and Human Right Activist, The Vice-president of the Human Rights Association, Turkey
Book Synopsis Equality and Non-Discrimination under the European Convention on Human Rights by : Oddný Mjöll Arnadóttir
Download or read book Equality and Non-Discrimination under the European Convention on Human Rights written by Oddný Mjöll Arnadóttir and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-10-18 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The case-law of the European Court of Human Rights on discrimination under the Convention is typically considered to be unclear and conflicting. Against that background, new possibilities for more effective protection against discrimination are opening up through recent developments in the case-law on Article 14 and with the advent of the new Protocol 12 to the Convention. This study demonstrates that the 'objective and reasonable justification' test and convenional treatment of non-discrimination are not apt for dealing with these emerging new possibilities or for explaining the variations in existing case-law. It therefore suggests a new approach to dealing with protection against discrimination under the Convention, developed by focusing on variations in the strictness of objective justification review. This study proposes a more viable framework for understanding discrimination analysis under the Convention which includes an alternative interpretation of the burden of proof under Article 14 and a three-tiered model of factors that influences the strictness of review.
Book Synopsis European Union Non-Discrimination Law and Intersectionality by : Anna Lawson
Download or read book European Union Non-Discrimination Law and Intersectionality written by Anna Lawson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contributes to a critical reflection of current legislative and jurisprudential developments in Non-Discrimination Law, focusing on the European Union. The book is focused on intersectionality between gender, race and disability and the question of whether, and to what extent, this intersection can be adequately addressed in (EU) law. The discussion rests on two basic assumptions. First, the multiplication of 'discrimination grounds' in EU law and other legal regimes should not result in a dilution of the demands of equality law. Accordingly, the book focuses on the three key grounds - race, gender and disability. These constitute nodes around which other discrimination grounds can be grouped. Second, any multi-ground non-discrimination law framework needs to engage with the question of discrimination on several grounds. This book provides a critical evaluation of some of the problems presented by such intersectionality and an opportunity to explore the issues in depth. This collection offers some new proposals relating to the regrouping of identity categories and to the general approach to socio-legal research in the field. It also contains a comparative section, which expands on practical experiences with intersectionality and law, and a section dedicated to juridical responses to intersectionality. The book will be a valuable resource for researchers, academics and those working in the area of EU non-discrimination law and policy.
Book Synopsis Turkey's Integration into the European Union by : Belgin Akçay
Download or read book Turkey's Integration into the European Union written by Belgin Akçay and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2013-06-20 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relations between Turkey and the European Union have a very long history. Officially, they began with the Ankara Agreement. Following the signature of this Agreement, the relationship has undergone many developments. Some authors compare this relation to a turbulent marriage; though it has its share of problems, it remains an ongoing one, and both parties have managed to stay together. The book is designed to include discussion of consumer protection law, competition law, the dispute settlement procedures, the principle of non-discrimination on grounds of nationality with regard to Turkish workers in the European Union and Union workers in Turkey, as well as an overview of Turkey-EU relations that consists of legal, political and economic assessments on Turkish accession to the European Union. This book aims to draw a framework regarding the Turkish Law and enable the readers to learn about Turkish Law. Though it could easily be stated that though there are certain points to be completed, most aspects of Turkish Law are in harmony with EU Law. Turkey has taken many important steps in the past 50 year history with the EU, and especially from the legal perspective, has fulfilled most of the important goals. Thus, readers will also have a vision of this development, and of Turkish Law as a whole, after reading this book.
