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Nominal Debt As A Burden On Monetary Policy
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Book Synopsis Nominal Debt as a Burden on Monetary Policy by :
Download or read book Nominal Debt as a Burden on Monetary Policy written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We characterize the optimal sequential choice of monetary policy in economies with either nominal or indexed debt. In a model where nominal debt is the only source of time inconsistency, the Markov-perfect equilibrium policy implies the progressive depletion of the outstanding stock of debt, until the time inconsistency disappears. There is a resulting welfare loss if debt is nominal rather than indexed. We also analyze the case where monetary policy is time inconsistent even when debt is indexed. In this case, with nominal debt, the sequential optimal policy converges to a time-consistent steady state with positive -- or negative -- debt, depending on the value of the intertemporal elasticity of substitution. Welfare can be higher if debt is nominal rather than indexed and the level of debt is not too high.
Book Synopsis Nominal Debt as a Burden on Monetary Policy by : Javier Díaz-Giménez
Download or read book Nominal Debt as a Burden on Monetary Policy written by Javier Díaz-Giménez and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Debt Burden and Its Consequences for Monetary Policy by : Guillermo Calvo
Download or read book The Debt Burden and Its Consequences for Monetary Policy written by Guillermo Calvo and published by Springer. This book was released on 1998-02-12 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In all countries debt and deficits of the public sector are at the heart of economic policy debate. Debt and deficits pose major problems, all the more pressing in Europe because of the Maastricht criteria for entry into European Monetary Union. And in the developing world debt has been associated with major financial crises. This volume, arising from an International Economic Association conference at the Bundesbank, sees academics and policy makers debate the key issues and their implications in theory and practice.
Book Synopsis Nominal Debt as a Burden on Monetary Policy by : Javier Díaz-Giménez
Download or read book Nominal Debt as a Burden on Monetary Policy written by Javier Díaz-Giménez and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nominal Debt as a Burden on Monetary Policy by :
Download or read book Nominal Debt as a Burden on Monetary Policy written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "We study the effects of nominal debt on the optimal sequential choice of monetary and debt policy. When the stock of debt is nominal, the incentive to generate unanticipated inflation increases the cost of the outstanding debt even if no unanticipated inflation episodes occur in equilibrium. Without full commitment, the optimal sequential policy is to deplete the outstanding stock of debt progressively until these extra costs disappear. Nominal debt is therefore a burden on monetary policy, not only because it must be serviced, but also because it creates a time inconsistency problem that distorts interest rates. The introduction of alternative forms of taxation may lessen this burden, if there is enough commitment to fiscal policy"--Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago web site.
Book Synopsis Optimal Fiscal and Monetary Policy with Nominal and Indexed Debt by : Michael T. Gapen
Download or read book Optimal Fiscal and Monetary Policy with Nominal and Indexed Debt written by Michael T. Gapen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-11-01 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper highlights the importance of debt composition in setting optimal fiscal and monetary policy over short-run business cycles and in the long run. Nominal debt as state-contingent debt can be a significant policy tool to reduce the volatility of distortionary government policy, thereby reducing macroeconomic volatility while increasing equilibrium output and consumption. The welfare gain from using nominal debt to hedge against shocks to the government budget is as large as the welfare gain from the ability to issue debt.
Book Synopsis The Debt Burden and Its Consequences for Monetary Policy by : Guillermo A. Calvo
Download or read book The Debt Burden and Its Consequences for Monetary Policy written by Guillermo A. Calvo and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 1998-01 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this volume reflect on the fact that in all countries debt and deficits of the public sector are at heart: of economic policy debate. Debt and deficits pose major problems, all the more pressing in Europe because of the Maastricht criteria for entry into European Monetary Union. In the developing world debt has been associated with major financial crises.
Book Synopsis The Debt Burden and Its Consequences for Monetary Policy by : Guillermo A. Calvo
Download or read book The Debt Burden and Its Consequences for Monetary Policy written by Guillermo A. Calvo and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Is Inflation Effective for Liquidating Short-Term Nominal Debt? by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Is Inflation Effective for Liquidating Short-Term Nominal Debt? written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The possibility of reducing the real value of domestic non-indexed government debt through inflation is studied. A central result is that this kind of debt liquidation is possible even though prices are sticky and government bonds are short term. A policy implication is that short bond maturities are no safeguard against surprise devaluations intended to lower the burden of the debt. If devaluation incentives are present, it is further argued that nominal non-indexed bonds could give rise to situations where devaluations are a consequence of self-fulfilling expectations cycles. Any views expressed in the Departmental Memoranda (DM) Series represent the opinions of the authors and, unless otherwise indicated, should not be interpreted as official Fund views.
Book Synopsis Nominal Debt Dynamics and Monetary Policy by : Liam Graham
Download or read book Nominal Debt Dynamics and Monetary Policy written by Liam Graham and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How is the impact of monetary policy affected by the nature of nominal debt contracts? How does this change if the interest payments on the debt are fixed or floating? To address these questions, we add a model of financial institutions' behaviour to a dynamic general equilibrium model in which some households face credit constraints. We analyse these affects of inflationary shocks, and derive implications for monetary policy. We question the common view that inflationary shocks necessarily result in debtors increasing their consumption. We also provide a potential explanation for interest rate smoothing on the part of central banks.
Book Synopsis Government Spending Effects in a Policy Constrained Environment by : Ruoyun Mao
Download or read book Government Spending Effects in a Policy Constrained Environment written by Ruoyun Mao and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-06-12 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theoretical literature generally finds that government spending multipliers are bigger than unity in a low interest rate environment. Using a fully nonlinear New Keynesian model, we show that such big multipliers can decrease when 1) an initial debt-to-GDP ratio is higher, 2) tax burden is higher, 3) debt maturity is longer, and 4) monetary policy is more responsive to inflation. When monetary and fiscal policy regimes can switch, policy uncertainty also reduces spending multipliers. In particular, when higher inflation induces a rising probability to switch to a regime in which monetary policy actively controls inflation and fiscal policy raises future taxes to stabilize government debt, the multipliers can fall much below unity, especially with an initial high debt ratio. Our findings help reconcile the mixed empirical evidence on government spending effects with low interest rates.
Book Synopsis Optimal Monetary Policy with Sticky Nominal Debt Contracts by : Stephen Wright
Download or read book Optimal Monetary Policy with Sticky Nominal Debt Contracts written by Stephen Wright and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Economics of Public Debt by : Kenneth J. Arrow
Download or read book The Economics of Public Debt written by Kenneth J. Arrow and published by Springer. This book was released on 1988-09-19 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of essays presenting new insights into the analysis of public debt theory, recent historical episodes, econometric analyses and policy dilemmas and options. It also documents the perceptions of debt problems from viewpoints of national economies as well as the world economy.
Book Synopsis Coordination of Monetary and Fiscal Policies by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Coordination of Monetary and Fiscal Policies written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-03-01 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, monetary authorities have increasingly focused on implementing policies to ensure price stability and strengthen central bank independence. Simultaneously, in the fiscal area, market development has allowed public debt managers to focus more on cost minimization. This “divorce” of monetary and debt management functions in no way lessens the need for effective coordination of monetary and fiscal policy if overall economic performance is to be optimized and maintained in the long term. This paper analyzes these issues based on a review of the relevant literature and of country experiences from an institutional and operational perspective.
Book Synopsis The Liquidation of Government Debt by : Ms.Carmen Reinhart
Download or read book The Liquidation of Government Debt written by Ms.Carmen Reinhart and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-01-21 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High public debt often produces the drama of default and restructuring. But debt is also reduced through financial repression, a tax on bondholders and savers via negative or belowmarket real interest rates. After WWII, capital controls and regulatory restrictions created a captive audience for government debt, limiting tax-base erosion. Financial repression is most successful in liquidating debt when accompanied by inflation. For the advanced economies, real interest rates were negative 1⁄2 of the time during 1945–1980. Average annual interest expense savings for a 12—country sample range from about 1 to 5 percent of GDP for the full 1945–1980 period. We suggest that, once again, financial repression may be part of the toolkit deployed to cope with the most recent surge in public debt in advanced economies.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Implications of Interest Rate Normalization in the United States by : Huixin Bi
Download or read book Fiscal Implications of Interest Rate Normalization in the United States written by Huixin Bi and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-05-03 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the main channels through which interest rate normalization has fiscal implications in the United States. While unexpected inflation reduces the real value of government liabilities, a rising policy rate increases government financing needs because of higher interest payments and lower real bond prices. After an initial decline, the real government debt burden rises even with higher tax revenues in an expansion. Given the current net debt-to-GDP ratio at around 80 percent, interest rate normalization leads to a negligible increase in the sovereign default risk of the U.S. federal government, despite a much higher federal debt-to-GDP ratio than the post-war historical average.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Stimulus to the Rescue? Short-Run Benefits and Potential Long-Run Costs of Fiscal Deficits by : Mr.Michael Kumhof
Download or read book Fiscal Stimulus to the Rescue? Short-Run Benefits and Potential Long-Run Costs of Fiscal Deficits written by Mr.Michael Kumhof and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-11-01 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses the IMF's Global Integrated Monetary and Fiscal Model to compute shortrun multipliers of fiscal stimulus measures and long-run crowding-out effects of higher debt. Multipliers of two-year stimulus range from 0.2 to 2.2 depending on the fiscal instrument, the extent of monetary accommodation and the presence of a financial accelerator mechanism. A permanent 0.5 percentage point increase in the U.S. deficit to GDP ratio raises the U.S. tax burden and world real interest rates in the long run, thereby reducing U.S. and rest of the world output by 0.3-0.6 and 0.2 percent, respectively.
