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Nitrogen Management Of Corn With Sensor Technology
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Book Synopsis Nitrogen Management of Corn with Sensor Technology by : Andrew Neil Tucker
Download or read book Nitrogen Management of Corn with Sensor Technology written by Andrew Neil Tucker and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corn (Zea mays) is an important cereal crop in Kansas primarily used as livestock feed for cattle in the feedlots, and there has been increased use of corn for ethanol production as well. According to the USDA National Agriculture Statistics approximately 1.7 million hectares of corn is planted each year in Kansas, with an average yield ranging from 5,750-7,750 kg ha[superscript]-1 within the last five years (2005-2009). With this variability in yield and volatility of crop and fertilizer prices over that same period, it seems logical that optimum nitrogen or N rates may vary. A series of 14 field experiments were conducted across Kansas from 2006 through 2009 to address this issue. Specific experiments included: evaluating optimum N rates from side-dressing nitrogen fertilizer; timing of nitrogen application, pre-plant vs. split applications and normal side-dress V-6-V-9 vs. late side-dress V-14-V-16; N response of corn to a late side-dress of nitrogen fertilizer; and the evaluation of optical sensors for making in season N recommendations. The specific objectives of this research were to: a. Determine the optimum N application rate and timing to optimize corn grain yields in different corn producing regions in Kansas. b. Confirm or revise the current K-State soil test based N recommendation system for corn. c. Evaluate N management strategies using the GreenSeeker, Crop Circle, and SPAD meter, crop sensors. d. Develop draft GreenSeeker, Crop Circle, and SPAD sensor algorithms for producers to use. Grain corn yields were responsive to N at all but 3 sites. Grain yields obtained at the sites ranged from 3,460 to 15,480 kg ha[superscript]-1. Optimum N rates varied from 0 to 246 kg N ha[superscript]-1. This work suggests that current K-State N fertilizer recommendations for corn need revisions due to over recommendation of N. Including different coefficients for irrigated and dry land corn along with N recovery terms would create a more accurate N recommendation system that more closely reflects the results obtained in these experiments, and provide a significant improvement over the current system. The optical sensors used in this study were effective at making N recommendations for corn. These sensors can be a valuable tool for producers to use and determine in season N status of corn.
Book Synopsis Sensor-based Nitrogen Management on Non-irrigated Corn Based Systems in Nebraska by : Samantha L. Teten
Download or read book Sensor-based Nitrogen Management on Non-irrigated Corn Based Systems in Nebraska written by Samantha L. Teten and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimizing nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications in corn to reduce environmental impacts while maintaining producer profitability remains a challenge due to spatial and temporal variability in crop yield potential and soil N dynamics. In response to these challenges, active crop canopy sensors and imagery systems have been studied to test the performance of vegetative index-based N management, but adoption has been low. There is also a lack of field-scale research evaluating this technology in water-limiting environments. The evaluation of two sensor-based N management techniques was completed at nine non-irrigated sites in Eastern Nebraska. The first sensor-based N management technique evaluated an active crop canopy sensor and Holland-Schepers model to direct real-time, in-season N applications on corn. Compared to growers' management, active sensor management improved N use efficiency (NUE) by 16.8±8.4 kg grain kg N-1 and reduced N fertilizer inputs by 38.7±20.8 kg N ha-1 . All sites resulted in less N applied than the growers' management. Two of the nine sites resulted in significant yield losses compared to the sensor-based management with an average yield loss across all sites of 0.49±0.69 Mg grain ha-1 . Average partial profitability was $2.40±15.48 US$ ha-1 less than the growers' practices. Early season base N rates and timing influenced the NUE of active sensor N management approach. The second sensor-based management technique utilized aerial imagery and the Holland-Schepers model to develop variable-rate N prescriptions for in-season applications. The approach incorporated sub-field yield potential by varying the estimated optimum N rate used in the algorithm based on management zones (MZ). The aerial imagery-based management improved NUE compared to the growers' current management by 23.6±15.3 kg grain kg N-1 and did not result in differences in partial profit. The integration of MZs influenced the total N applied and demonstrated the potential to improve imagery-based recommendations using spatial field data. Overall, compared to grower management, active sensors improved NUE in nonirrigated sites where rainfall is a yield limiting factor. Aerial imagery-based prescriptions also improved NUE compared to grower management and provided an opportunity to further refine sensor-based management to account for sub-field variability by incorporating yield potential and soil attributes.
Book Synopsis Using an Active Optical Sensor to Improve Nitrogen Management in Corn Production by : Donato Titolo
Download or read book Using an Active Optical Sensor to Improve Nitrogen Management in Corn Production written by Donato Titolo and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin by :
Download or read book Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Environmental Assessment of Sensor-based Variable-rate Nitrogen Management in Corn by : Darrin F. Roberts
Download or read book An Environmental Assessment of Sensor-based Variable-rate Nitrogen Management in Corn written by Darrin F. Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen (N) fertilizer use in agricultural production systems has increased dramatically over the past 50 years. N fertilizer unused by the crop is left to the fate of the processes of the N cycle, and can eventually lead to detrimental effects to the environment. As a result, an issue of increasing concern in the U.S. Midwest is nitrate contamination of surface and ground waters. A likely contributing factor to contamination is that crop N need varies spatially across whole fields. In order to address this problem, various methods have been used to try to account for spatial variability of N within agricultural fields. One approach to account for this variability and thereby reduce nitrate pollution is in-season site-specific N application according to economic optimal N rate (EONR). Active-light reflectance sensors have been successfully used for site-specific N applications in wheat. Recently, these sensors have been tested for mid-season, on-the-go N fertilizer application in corn. This 2004 and 2005 study was conducted on 12 Missouri producer corn fields to (1) evaluate the relationship between EONR and active-light reflectance sensor readings, and (2) evaluate the relationship between environmental measurements and EONR. N treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design at rates of 0-235 kg N ha-1 at 34 kg N ha-1 increments. Measurements included EONR, crop N yield efficiency (YE), N fertilizer recovery efficiency (NFRE), and post-harvest soil inorganic N levels. A quadratic-plateau function was used to determine EONR for 68 different treatment sets obtained from the 12 fields. Crop response to N was significant (i.e. EONR was calculable) for nearly all treatment sets in 2004 because of very good growing conditions. Nearly the opposite was found in 2005 because of a droughty growing season. In 2004, EONR was significantly related to active-light sensor indices, but with regression model coefficients of determination (r 2) ≤ 0.35 for all sensor indices evaluated. However, including soil electrical conductivity (EC) in the regression model improved the r2 to 0.47. Sensor measurements were found to be significantly related to delta yield. However, delta yield was not a good predictor of EONR (r2 = 0.34). A relationship between EONR and the indices could not be established for 2005 data. In 2004, YE at EONR was not the same between fields, and ranged from 19-47 kg grain (kg N) -1. As N rate approached EONR, both YE and NFRE declined, while post-harvest inorganic N levels increased. These preliminary results show promise for using active-light reflectance sensors to achieve EONR and reduce N loss off fields.
Book Synopsis Utilization of Active Canopy Sensors for Nitrogen Fertilizer Management in Corn by : Daniel W. Barker
Download or read book Utilization of Active Canopy Sensors for Nitrogen Fertilizer Management in Corn written by Daniel W. Barker and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3642276385 Total Pages :392 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (422 download)
Book Synopsis Smart Sensing Technology for Agriculture and Environmental Monitoring by : Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay
Download or read book Smart Sensing Technology for Agriculture and Environmental Monitoring written by Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-06 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on the different aspects of sensing technology, i.e. high reliability, adaptability, recalibration, information processing, data fusion, validation and integration of novel and high performance sensors specifically aims to monitor agricultural and environmental parameters. This book is dedicated to Sensing systems for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring offers to variety of users, namely, Master and PhD degree students, researchers, practitioners, especially Agriculture and Environmental engineers. The book will provide an opportunity of a dedicated and a deep approach in order to improve their knowledge in this specific field.
Book Synopsis Integration of Remote Sensing and Crop Growth Modeling for Nitrogen Management Decision Support in Corn by : Kelly Robert Thorp
Download or read book Integration of Remote Sensing and Crop Growth Modeling for Nitrogen Management Decision Support in Corn written by Kelly Robert Thorp and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation describes efforts to move toward a completely integrated remote sensing and crop growth modeling tool for developing precision nitrogen management recommendations for corn. Aerial hyperspectral remote sensing imagery collected throughout the 2004 growing season was used to estimate corn plant stand density, and a machine vision system was used to map corn population on the ground. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the ability of all combinations of three reflectance bands to estimate corn plant population at resolutions of 2 m, 6 m, and 10 m. Coefficients of multiple determination of up to 0.82 were achieved in this endeavor. Although some limitations apply, remote sensing can be used as a tool to provide corn plant population inputs for crop growth simulations. A cross validation technique and bivariate confidence ellipses were used to evaluate CERES Maize simulations of spatial corn yield variability across an Iowa cornfield. Results indicated that the model performed most poorly when using the wettest or driest growing seasons to validate the model, because the model parameters fitted under the conditions of moderate growing seasons were less flexible for simulating yield in growing seasons with more extreme weather. Results also indicated that topography affects the model performance spatially. CERES-Maize was also used to simulate yield and unused nitrogen remaining in the soil at harvest for a sequence of historical weather data. Simulations were run for 13 spring-applied nitrogen rates over a cornfield divided into 100 0.2 ha grid cells. A methodology based on cumulative probability distributions was then developed to use model output for assessing the link between yield and nitrogen left behind for various nitrogen rates in each grid cell. This methodology can be used to develop precision nitrogen management strategies that address both the economic and environmental concerns of nitrogen management practices. Although the three projects in this dissertation furthered the development of remote sensing, crop growth modeling, and decision support technologies, more work is required to obtain a completely integrated tool for development of precision nitrogen management strategies in Midwestern cornfields.
Book Synopsis Integration of Plant-based Canopy Sensors for Site-specific Nitrogen Management by : Luciano Shozo Shiratsuchi
Download or read book Integration of Plant-based Canopy Sensors for Site-specific Nitrogen Management written by Luciano Shozo Shiratsuchi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The soil's nitrogen (N) supply can vary drastically in the field, spatially as well as temporally making any soil prediction difficult even with very detailed mapping. Consequently, a plant-based approach wherein the measured canopy can indicate the N needs in a reactive and spatially-variable way can be a better approach than mapping, because integrate the soil N supply and translate the crop need on-the-go. The first experiment evaluated the performance of various spectral indices for sensing N status of corn, where spectral variability might be confounded by water-induced variations in crop reflectance. We found that water and previous crops effects on vegetation indices (VI) must be considered, and also that some VIs are less susceptible to water with good ability for N differentiation. In the second experiment, the objective was to develop an approach that relies on local soil conditions as well as on active canopy sensor measurements for real-time adjustment of N application rate. We found that local variations in plant N availability must be considered to determine the optimal N rate on-the-go, and that the localized reference incorporated the spatial variability of the N-rich plot. Next, we determined the correlation between active canopy sensors assessments of N availability and ultrasonic sensor measurements of canopy height at several growth stages for corn. We found strong correlations between both sensors and that they had similar abilities to distinguish N-mediated differences in canopy development. The integrated use of both sensors improved the N estimation compared to the isolated use of either sensor. Based on these strong correlations, we developed an N recommendation algorithm based on ultrasonic plant height measurements to be used for on-the-go variable rate N application. Lastly, we evaluated the crop water status using infrared thermometry integrated with optical and ultrasonic sensors, we concluded that the integration of sensors was beneficial to detect water-stressed zones in the field, affecting yield and possibly promising to delineate zones for N and water management.
Book Synopsis On-farm Evaluations of Nitrogen Management for Corn Production with Precision Farming Technologies by : Bradley Wilbert Van De Woestyne
Download or read book On-farm Evaluations of Nitrogen Management for Corn Production with Precision Farming Technologies written by Bradley Wilbert Van De Woestyne and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Guidelines, or recommendations, for nitrogen (N) management in the Corn Belt are important to corn producers because fertilizer N must be applied for profitable corn production, because profit margins are narrow, and because N fertilization has been linked to local and regional water quality problems. Producers rely on these recommendations because it has been impractical for individuals to identify optimal rates, times, and methods of N fertilization for corn. Precision farming technologies, however, enable organized networks of crop producers to evaluate management practices used on their farms and within regions. These technologies and on-farm trials were used to assess optimal rates of spring-applied and sidedressed N, assess the benefits of using a nitrification inhibitor, and assess the ability of injected liquid swine manure to supply N needed for corn growth. The results showed optimal rates of N were less than currently recommended rates, nitrification inhibitors did not increase profits for producers in central Iowa, and injected liquid swine manure at normal rates supplied adequate amounts of N for plant growth. The results suggest that current recommendations could be substantially improved. The results document that organized networks of producers working together can evaluate and improve nitrogen management and thereby increase their profits while reducing environmental problems associated with N fertilization.
Book Synopsis Ground Based Active Remote Sensors for Precision Nitrogen Management in Irrigated Maize Production by : Timothy M. Shaver
Download or read book Ground Based Active Remote Sensors for Precision Nitrogen Management in Irrigated Maize Production written by Timothy M. Shaver and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Yield Monitoring to Evaluate Nitrogen Management Practices for Corn by : Gaylia Clare Gries Ostermeier
Download or read book Yield Monitoring to Evaluate Nitrogen Management Practices for Corn written by Gaylia Clare Gries Ostermeier and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil and cornstalk testing has been used to evaluate nitrogen (N) management practices used during corn (Zea mays L.) production, but there is need to search for more practical methods. New yield monitoring technologies are rapidly being accepted by producers and offer an alternative method to evaluate N management practices. The objective of this thesis was to explore the potential and limitations of applying extra N in reference strips during the growing season and measure yield responses to evaluate the performance of N management practices used by producers who apply all N before or at planting. Field studies were conducted at 66 sites where extra (i.e., in addition to that normally applied by producers) fertilizer N was applied in replicated strips going the length of the field and yield increases were measured by using yield-monitoring combines. The late-spring test for soil nitrate and the end-of-season test for stalk nitrate were used to help explain why yield increases were, or were not, observed. Amounts of spring rainfall indicated that losses of N were near long-term means. Mean yield increases to the extra fertilizer N were not great enough to justify the expense of the fertilizer and application. This finding indicates that application of extra N is not likely to be profitable unless responsive sites can be predicted before fertilization. The soil and stalk tests showed agreement that some sites were deficient of N even though yield increases to the extra N were not observed. This finding suggests that the extra fertilizer N did not become available to the plants at some sites. This observation offers a new explanation for why the soil test often does not accurately predict yield responses to applied N and suggests that simultaneous use of soil nitrate testing in late spring, cornstalk testing at the end of the season, and measuring yield responses to N applied in strips during the growing season may help identify in-season fertilizer practices that are most efficient.
Book Synopsis Precision Agriculture Technology for Crop Farming by : Qin Zhang
Download or read book Precision Agriculture Technology for Crop Farming written by Qin Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a review of precision agriculture technology development, followed by a presentation of the state-of-the-art and future requirements of precision agriculture technology. It presents different styles of precision agriculture technologies suitable for large scale mechanized farming; highly automated community-based mechanized production; and fully mechanized farming practices commonly seen in emerging economic regions. The book emphasizes the introduction of core technical features of sensing, data processing and interpretation technologies, crop modeling and production control theory, intelligent machinery and field robots for precision agriculture production.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture by : Salim Lamine
Download or read book Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture written by Salim Lamine and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-10-20 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture: Transforming Scientific Advancement into Innovation compiles the latest applications of remote sensing in agriculture using spaceborne, airborne and drones’ geospatial data. The book presents case studies, new algorithms and the latest methods surrounding crop sown area estimation, determining crop health status, assessment of vegetation dynamics, crop diseases identification, crop yield estimation, soil properties, drone image analysis for crop damage assessment, and other issues in precision agriculture. This book is ideal for those seeking to explore and implement remote sensing in an effective and efficient manner with its compendium of scientifically and technologically sound information. Presents a well-integrated collection of chapters, with quality, consistency and continuity Provides the latest RS techniques in Precision Agriculture that are addressed by leading experts Includes detailed, yet geographically global case studies that can be easily understood, reproduced or implemented Covers geospatial data, with codes available through shared links
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of Urease Inhibitor Technology as a Nitrogen Management Tool in No-till Corn Production by : Dennis Klockenga
Download or read book An Evaluation of Urease Inhibitor Technology as a Nitrogen Management Tool in No-till Corn Production written by Dennis Klockenga and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis GPS and GNSS Technology in Geosciences by : George P. Petropoulos
Download or read book GPS and GNSS Technology in Geosciences written by George P. Petropoulos and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-02-18 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GPS and GNSS Technology in Geosciences offers an interdisciplinary approach to applying advances in GPS/GNSS technology for geoscience research and practice. As GPS/GNSS signals can be used to provide useful information about the Earth’s surface characteristics and land surface composition, GPS equipment and services for commercial purposes continues to grow, thus resulting in new expectations and demands. This book provides case studies for a deeper understanding of the operation and principles of widely applied approaches and the benefits of the technology in everyday research and activities. Presents processing, methods and techniques of GPS/GNSS implementation that are utilized in in-situ data collection in design and systems analysis Offers an all-inclusive, critical overview of the state-of-the-art in different algorithms and techniques in GPS/GNSS Addresses both theoretical and applied research contributions on the use of this technology in a variety of geoscience disciplines
Download or read book Optical Sensors written by Moh Yasin and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2014-03-19 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of works presenting recent developments and practical applications in optical sensor technology. It contains 10 chapters that encompass contributions from various individuals and research groups working in the area of optical sensing. It provides the reader with a broad overview and sampling of the innovative research on optical sensors in the world.
