Night Noise Guidelines for Europe

Download Night Noise Guidelines for Europe PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : WHO Regional Office Europe
ISBN 13 : 9289041730
Total Pages : 183 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Night Noise Guidelines for Europe by : Charlotte Hurtley

Download or read book Night Noise Guidelines for Europe written by Charlotte Hurtley and published by WHO Regional Office Europe. This book was released on 2009 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The WHO Regional Office for Europe set up a working group of experts to provide scientific advice to the Member States for the development of future legislation and policy action in the area of assessment and control of night noise exposure. The working group reviewed available scientific evidence on the health effects of night noise, and derived health-based guideline values. In December 2006, the working group and stakeholders from industry, government and nongovernmental organizations reviewed and reached general agreement on the guideline values and key texts for the final document of the "Night noise guidelines for Europe". Considering the scientific evidence on the thresholds of night noise exposure indicated by "Lnight,outside" [L suffix night,outside] as defined in the Environmental Noise Directive (2002/49/EC), an Lnight, outside of 40 dB should be the target of the night noise guideline (NNG) to protect the public, including the most vulnerable groups such as children, the chronically ill and the elderly. "Lnight,outside" value of 55 dB is recommended as an interim target for the countries where the NNG cannot be achieved in the short term for various reasons, and where policy-makers choose to adopt a stepwise approach. These guidelines are applicable to the Member States of the European Region, and may be considered as an extension to, as well as an update of, the previous WHO "Guidelines for community noise" (1999). [Ed.]

WHO Housing and Health Guidelines

Download WHO Housing and Health Guidelines PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789241550376
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (53 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis WHO Housing and Health Guidelines by :

Download or read book WHO Housing and Health Guidelines written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improved housing conditions can save lives, prevent disease, increase quality of life, reduce poverty, and help mitigate climate change. Housing is becoming increasingly important to health in light of urban growth, ageing populations and climate change. The WHO Housing and health guidelines bring together the most recent evidence to provide practical recommendations to reduce the health burden due to unsafe and substandard housing. Based on newly commissioned systematic reviews, the guidelines provide recommendations relevant to inadequate living space (crowding), low and high indoor temperatures, injury hazards in the home, and accessibility of housing for people with functional impairments. In addition, the guidelines identify and summarize existing WHO guidelines and recommendations related to housing, with respect to water quality, air quality, neighbourhood noise, asbestos, lead, tobacco smoke and radon. The guidelines take a comprehensive, intersectoral perspective on the issue of housing and health and highlight co-benefits of interventions addressing several risk factors at the same time. The WHO Housing and health guidelines aim at informing housing policies and regulations at the national, regional and local level and are further relevant in the daily activities of implementing actors who are directly involved in the construction, maintenance and demolition of housing in ways that influence human health and safety. The guidelines therefore emphasize the importance of collaboration between the health and other sectors and joint efforts across all government levels to promote healthy housing. The guidelines' implementation at country-level will in particular contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals on health (SDG 3) and sustainable cities (SDG 11). WHO will support Member States in adapting the guidelines to national contexts and priorities to ensure safe and healthy housing for all.

Position Paper on EU Noise Indicators

Download Position Paper on EU Noise Indicators PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Position Paper on EU Noise Indicators by : European Commission. Environment Directorate-General

Download or read book Position Paper on EU Noise Indicators written by European Commission. Environment Directorate-General and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Aviation Noise Impact Management

Download Aviation Noise Impact Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783030911966
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (119 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Aviation Noise Impact Management by : Laurent Leylekian

Download or read book Aviation Noise Impact Management written by Laurent Leylekian and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-03-15 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book provides a view into the state-of-the-art research on aviation noise and related annoyance. The book will primarily focus on the achievements of the ANIMA project (Aviation Noise Impact Management through Novel Approaches), but not exclusively. The content has a broader theme in order to encompass. regulation issues, the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) balanced approach, progresses made on technologies and reduction of noise at source, impact of possible future civil supersonic aircraft, land-use planning issues, as well as the core topics of the ANIMA project, i.e. impact on human beings, annoyance, quality of life, health and findings of the project in this respect. This book differs from traditional research programmes on aviation noise as the authors endeavour, not to lower noise at source, but to reduce the annoyance. This book examines these non-acoustic factors in an effort to help those most affected by aviation noise – communities living close to airports, and also help airport managers, policy-makers, local authorities and researchers to deal with this issue holistically. The book concludes with some recommendations for EU, national and local policy-makers, airport and aviation authorities, and more broadly a scientifically literate audience. These recommendations may help to identify gaps for progress in terms of research but also genuine implementation actions for political and regulatory authorities.

Environmental Noise Pollution

Download Environmental Noise Pollution PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128201010
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Environmental Noise Pollution by : Enda Murphy

Download or read book Environmental Noise Pollution written by Enda Murphy and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-04-09 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Noise Pollution, Second Edition, addresses the key debates surrounding environmental noise pollution, its modelling and mitigation using examples from across the globe. Environmental noise pollution is now an established concern in environmental and public policy and is considered one of the most important environmental stressors affecting public health throughout the world. Thoroughly revised, this new edition includes updated global case studies as well as new chapters on ‘soundscapes and noise mapping’ and ‘environmental noise and technology’.This book examines environmental noise pollution, its health implications, noise modelling, the role of strategic noise mapping for problem assessment, major sources of environmental noise pollution, noise mitigation approaches, and related procedural and policy implications. Drawing on the authors’ considerable research expertise in the area, the book is a fully updated resource on this major environmental stressor that crosses disciplinary, policy and national boundaries. Highlights recent developments in the policy arena, with a particular focus on global developments in environmental noise management and mitigation Explores the lessons emerging from nations within the EU and other jurisdictions attempting to legislate and mitigate against the harmful effects of noise pollution Covers the core theoretical concepts and principles surrounding the mechanics of noise pollution as well as evidence linking noise with public health concerns Thoroughly revised throughout, with more global examples and two new chapters on technology and noise and soundscapes

Environmental Noise Control

Download Environmental Noise Control PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030878287
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Environmental Noise Control by : Naveen Garg

Download or read book Environmental Noise Control written by Naveen Garg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-31 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a concise and up-to-date overview of environmental noise control issues, utilizing specific case studies from India to help explore noise mapping and monitoring, impact analysis, and policy, among other relevant topics. The book provides an extensive review of recent studies, including references, and describes the latest noise monitoring structures. It also addresses heretofore under-emphasized topics, including but not limited to acoustic metrology, Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) techniques, and sound insulation utilizing passive control strategies.

Burden of Disease from Environmental Noise

Download Burden of Disease from Environmental Noise PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9789289002295
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (22 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Burden of Disease from Environmental Noise by :

Download or read book Burden of Disease from Environmental Noise written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The health impacts of environmental noise are a growing concern. At least one million healthy life years are lost every year from traffic-related noise in the western part of Europe. This publication summarizes the evidence on the relationship between environmental noise and health effects, including cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, sleep disturbance, tinnitus, and annoyance. For each one, the environmental burden of disease methodology, based on exposure-response relationship, exposure distribution, background prevalence of disease and disability weights of the outcome, is applied to calculate the burden of disease in terms of disability-adjusted life-years. Data are still lacking for the rest of the WHO European Region. This publication provides policy-makers and their advisers with technical support in their quantitative risk assessment of environmental noise. International, national and local authorities can use the procedure for estimating burdens presented here to prioritize and plan environmental and public health policies.

Environmental Noise and Management

Download Environmental Noise and Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118887409
Total Pages : 858 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Environmental Noise and Management by : Selma Kurra

Download or read book Environmental Noise and Management written by Selma Kurra and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-11-09 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Noise and Management Selma Kurra, Istanbul Technical University and dBKES Engineering Ltd, Turkey A comprehensive overview of environmental noise pollution from the standpoint of environmental impact and control Environmental noise is studied, regulated and monitored by many governments and institutions, as well as forming the basis for a number of different occupations due to the adverse effects of noise exposure. Environmental Noise and Management provides a comprehensive overview of environmental noise pollution. The book begins by covering the fundamentals of noise and acoustics, major noise sources and prediction and evaluation techniques. Developments in noise measuring techniques, and mapping and improvement of legislation to control noise pollution are then discussed, and international regulations are presented. Technological advances and recent developments regarding strategy and action plans are also covered in depth. Key features: Summarizes the relevant international standards covering noise pollution and environmental engineering practice. Presents technological advances and recent developments regarding strategy and action plans. Covers developments in noise measuring techniques, prediction models, mapping and improvement of legislation to control noise pollution. Environmental Noise and Management is a comprehensive resource for researchers and graduate students who are involved in noise pollution from the standpoint of environmental impact and control.

Noise and Vibration Mitigation for Rail Transportation Systems

Download Noise and Vibration Mitigation for Rail Transportation Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662448327
Total Pages : 717 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Noise and Vibration Mitigation for Rail Transportation Systems by : Jens C.O. Nielsen

Download or read book Noise and Vibration Mitigation for Rail Transportation Systems written by Jens C.O. Nielsen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-05 with total page 717 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book reports on the 11th International Workshop on Railway Noise, held on 9 – 13 September, 2013, in Uddevalla, Sweden. The event, which was jointly organized by the Competence Centre Chalmers Railway Mechanics (CHARMEC) and the Departments of Applied Mechanics and Applied Acoustics at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden, covered a broad range of topics in the field of railway noise and vibration, including: prospects, legal regulations and perceptions; wheel and rail noise; prediction, measurements and monitoring; ground-borne vibration; squeal noise and structure-borne noise; and aerodynamic noise generated by high-speed trains. Further topics included: resilient track forms; grinding, corrugation and roughness; and interior noise and sound barriers. This book, which consists of a collection of peer-reviewed papers originally submitted to the workshop, not only provides readers with an overview of the latest developments in the field, but also offers scientists and engineers essential support in their daily efforts to identify, understand and solve a number of problems related to railway noise and vibration, and to achieve their ultimate goal of reducing the environmental impact of railway systems.

Health and Environment in Europe

Download Health and Environment in Europe PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : WHO Regional Office Europe
ISBN 13 : 9289041986
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Health and Environment in Europe by :

Download or read book Health and Environment in Europe written by and published by WHO Regional Office Europe. This book was released on 2010 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complete first season of the US comedy drama starring Rachel Bilson as a young doctor who finds herself the co-owner of a medical practice. Dr. Zoe Hart (Bilson) dreams of becoming a cardio-thoracic surgeon but after failing to get a fellowship she decides to move from New York to Alabama where she has been offered a job by an apparent stranger, Dr. Harley Wilkes (Nicholas Pryor), who shares a small medical practice with Dr. Brick Breeland (Tim Matheson). When Harley passes away he leaves Zoe his half of the business but she soon faces Brick's criticism who wants the practice for himself. The episodes comprise: 'Pilot', 'Parades and Pariahs', 'Gumbo and Glory', 'In Havoc and in Heat', 'Faith and Infidelity', 'The Undead and the Unsaid', 'The Crush and the Crossbow', 'Homecoming and Coming Home', 'The Pirate and the Practice', 'Hairdos and Holidays', 'Hell's Belles', 'Mistress and Misunderstandings', 'Sweetie Pies and Sweaty Palms', 'Aliens and Aliases', 'Snowflakes and Soulmates', 'Tributes and Triangles', 'Heart to Hart', 'Bachelorettes and Bullets', 'Destiny and Denial', 'The Race and the Relationship', 'Disaster Drills and Departures' and 'The Big Day'.

Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health

Download Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317382919
Total Pages : 1094 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health by : Stephen Battersby

Download or read book Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health written by Stephen Battersby and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-01 with total page 1094 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clay’s Handbook of Environmental Health, since its first publication in 1933, has provided a definitive guide for the environmental health practitioner, or reference for the consultant or student. This 21th edition continues as a first point of reference, reviewing the core principles, techniques and competencies, and then outlining the specialist subjects. It has been refocused on the current curriculum of the UK’s Chartered Institute of Environmental Health but should also readily suit the generalist or specialist working outside the UK.

Sensor Technologies

Download Sensor Technologies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Apress
ISBN 13 : 1430260149
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sensor Technologies by : Michael J. McGrath

Download or read book Sensor Technologies written by Michael J. McGrath and published by Apress. This book was released on 2014-01-23 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensor Technologies: Healthcare, Wellness and Environmental Applications explores the key aspects of sensor technologies, covering wired, wireless, and discrete sensors for the specific application domains of healthcare, wellness and environmental sensing. It discusses the social, regulatory, and design considerations specific to these domains. The book provides an application-based approach using real-world examples to illustrate the application of sensor technologies in a practical and experiential manner. The book guides the reader from the formulation of the research question, through the design and validation process, to the deployment and management phase of sensor applications. The processes and examples used in the book are primarily based on research carried out by Intel or joint academic research programs. “Sensor Technologies: Healthcare, Wellness and Environmental Applications provides an extensive overview of sensing technologies and their applications in healthcare, wellness, and environmental monitoring. From sensor hardware to system applications and case studies, this book gives readers an in-depth understanding of the technologies and how they can be applied. I would highly recommend it to students or researchers who are interested in wireless sensing technologies and the associated applications.” Dr. Benny Lo Lecturer, The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College of London “This timely addition to the literature on sensors covers the broad complexity of sensing, sensor types, and the vast range of existing and emerging applications in a very clearly written and accessible manner. It is particularly good at capturing the exciting possibilities that will occur as sensor networks merge with cloud-based ‘big data’ analytics to provide a host of new applications that will impact directly on the individual in ways we cannot fully predict at present. It really brings this home through the use of carefully chosen case studies that bring the overwhelming concept of 'big data' down to the personal level of individual life and health.” Dermot Diamond Director, National Centre for Sensor Research, Principal Investigator, CLARITY Centre for Sensor Web Technologies, Dublin City University "Sensor Technologies: Healthcare, Wellness and Environmental Applications takes the reader on an end-to-end journey of sensor technologies, covering the fundamentals from an engineering perspective, introducing how the data gleaned can be both processed and visualized, in addition to offering exemplar case studies in a number of application domains. It is a must-read for those studying any undergraduate course that involves sensor technologies. It also provides a thorough foundation for those involved in the research and development of applied sensor systems. I highly recommend it to any engineer who wishes to broaden their knowledge in this area!" Chris Nugent Professor of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ulster

Noise in the Plastics Processing Industry

Download Noise in the Plastics Processing Industry PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Smithers Rapra
ISBN 13 : 1910242470
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (12 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Noise in the Plastics Processing Industry by : Bob Peters

Download or read book Noise in the Plastics Processing Industry written by Bob Peters and published by Smithers Rapra. This book was released on 2017-11-10 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an updated and revised version of a book published by RAPRA in 1985 'Noise in the Plastics Processing Industry'. The original version provided guidance to managers and engineers in the plastics industry on ways to reduce high noise levels in the workplace, in order to reduce risk of noise induced hearing damage to employees. Practical methods for reducing noise from industrial machinery in general were described and then illustrated with 25 case studies all relating to plastics processing machines such a granulators, shredders, extruders and injection moulders.Noise control techniques described include standard noise control measures such as enclosures, silencers and the use of sound insulating, sound absorbing materials, use of vibration isolation and damping. Most of these techniques have not changed since 1985, however one new technique is now available - the use of active noise control methods. The scope of the revised text has been extended to include chapters on environmental noise, European Union machinery noise emission regulations, hearing protection and prediction of noise levels, and the design of quieter workplaces.A new chapter of case studies has been added which reviews many already published case studies and introduces some new ones.

Noise in the Plastics Processing Industry

Download Noise in the Plastics Processing Industry PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429667205
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Noise in the Plastics Processing Industry by : Robert Peters

Download or read book Noise in the Plastics Processing Industry written by Robert Peters and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-06 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practical Regulation-focused Considers machinery and processes as well as the workforce

Modern Trends and Research in Intermodal Transportation

Download Modern Trends and Research in Intermodal Transportation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030871207
Total Pages : 566 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Modern Trends and Research in Intermodal Transportation by : Aleksander Sładkowski

Download or read book Modern Trends and Research in Intermodal Transportation written by Aleksander Sładkowski and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-21 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a specific technical solution, called intermodal transport, which became the basic technological solution that made it possible to provide global interregional transport. Every day, new technical, technological, and organizational solutions appear that significantly affect the further development of this industry. However, there are certain local differences between regions. In addition, an essential factor is the exchange of experience between scientists from different countries. Accordingly, the purpose of this monothematic book is to acquaint readers with the achievements of scientists dealing with this topic and living in different regions. Scientists and specialists from Poland, Germany, Great Britain, USA, Romania, Bulgaria, Russia, Italy, Kazakhstan, and Lithuania participated in the writing of individual chapters of this book. This book is intended for professionals, teachers, students, and others who are interested in new approaches to solving transport problems.

Policies, regulations and legislation promoting healthy housing

Download Policies, regulations and legislation promoting healthy housing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9240011293
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Policies, regulations and legislation promoting healthy housing by :

Download or read book Policies, regulations and legislation promoting healthy housing written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-01-27 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the report and repository is to serve as an aid for policy-makers and stakeholders seeking to plan, formulate and implement similar policies.

Soundscapes: Humans and Their Acoustic Environment

Download Soundscapes: Humans and Their Acoustic Environment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031227794
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Soundscapes: Humans and Their Acoustic Environment by : Brigitte Schulte-Fortkamp

Download or read book Soundscapes: Humans and Their Acoustic Environment written by Brigitte Schulte-Fortkamp and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-24 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of the “Soundscapes” includes all of the sounds in one’s environment and focuses not only on the sounds itself. Instead, it focuses on the interrelationships between person and activity and place, both in space and time. Soundscape also include influences on the acoustic environment through auditory sensation, its interpretation, and the responses to the acoustic environment in context. The conceptual framework of Soundscape describes the “process of perceiving or experiencing and/or understanding an acoustic environment, highlighting general concepts and their relationships: context, sound sources, acoustic environment, auditory sensation, interpretation of auditory sensation, responses, and outcomes” (International Organization for Standardization, ISO 12913-1:2014 Acoustics Soundscape Part Definition and Conceptual Framework, ISO, Geneva, 2014). With soundscape, one achieves a deeper understanding of acoustic environment and its effects on people. The ISO standard 12931-1 on soundscape provides an important, and rigorous, distinction in the use of “Soundscape.” But, it is recognizable that some individuals, particularly planners, designers, lay persons, and even those primarily interested in management of the acoustic environment through environmental noise control, will find it convenient to use “Soundscape” as a synonym for the physical acoustic environment. When it comes to noise management and urban planning, soundscape research has the potential to promote healthy urban environments by sharing and incorporating the significant knowledge of all concerned parties. Understandably, this shows that the communication with regard to noise management has to be forced to guarantee that the specifics of Soundscapes (i.e., the relevance of perception) are seriously considered alongside the whole. This book will bridge the gap between soundscape theory and practice and therefore it will be different from our earlier publications as “Soundscape and the built environment” (ed. by J. Kang and B. Schulte-Fortkamp CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, Fl 2016) and also from the respective Special Issues on Soundscapes in 2012 in The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (ed. by B. Schulte-Fortkamp and J. Kang), and also the Special Issue in Acta Acustica 2006 *(ed. by B. Schulte-Fortkamp and D. Dubois), and the E-book on soundscape This volume will be driven by the difficult process of standardization of Soundscape and its evaluation procedures. The main goal of the proposed volume is to present and review the developments in Soundscape, reflecting the standardization procedure and the diverse inputs. the needs in management and planning in urban acoustic environments, the book will also focus on the difficulties, as well as the solutions, in interdisciplinary grounded communication, that is, on the one hand, related to science, but on the other to application, that needs guidance.